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Ben, Hana, Hannah, Randy, James, and Johnny

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Ben, Hana, Hannah, Randy, James, and Johnny

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b. For a school to flourish successfully, both leadership and management are required. Leadership is concerned with vision, motivation, the future, and the teams and people in your school. For example, the principal or the school's founder is concerned with developing and maintaining effective educational programs within his or her school, as well as promoting the improvement of teaching and learning. Management offers procedures and processes that are critical to the school's day-to-day operations. Teachers or community members who serve on the school's management committee and participate in decision-making are some examples. A school manager's responsibilities include managing the school and formulating rules that best serve the school's needs as well as the students' overall interests.
c. There will be handful of styles but some of the popular ones are Autocratic, Democratic and Laissez Faire. As different managing styles will certainly bring staffs different 'vibes' and different motivations.
Employees are motivated by autocratic bosses because they have faith in their ability to make accurate and productive decisions. Autocratic leadership, on the other hand, concentrates power and authority and provides few and insignificant benefits, as well as harming group morale and causing resentment when people aren't participating in decision-making.

A democratic leadership and management involves their subordinates have a voice in decision-making process. It could bring staff motivation and satisfaction, because their opinions and recommendations are accounted for, which makes them feel valued in the organization. Sharing ideas via democratic leadership can also improve decisions. However, for a school with many teachers to consider, it may delay decision-making and that not everyone will be able to have a say in some decisions. For example, if the Head Teacher were to change the textbooks used for teaching in all departments, then he/she must include ALL the teachers from each department to decide whether the decision was good, bad or can be adjusted to suit everyone.

Laissez-faire leadership is extremely motivating to employees. Employees that are given more independence may be more creative and innovative. It enables quicker decision-making. Employees under laissez-faire leadership have the authority to make their own decisions because there is no micromanagement. They can make swift decisions without having to wait weeks for approval. They are aware that they have control over their portion of the project and are eager to demonstrate their abilities.

We have compare and contrast some management styles:
Democratic:
• have less conflict since everyone will able to have opportunity to speak up and give their idea/opinion
• Gain more ideas from others staff help them found out the best solution for the school
• Leaders and managers require good communication skills to connect all staff of the school.

Autocratic
• Not effective
• Easy to have conflict between the head of school and other staff
• Limits idea, opinions and solution since leader don’t listen or refer to others idea
• Unable to speak up and give out their ideas can limit their opportunity, make them feel unmotivated, dampen and work effectively or leave the company.

Laizzez-faire:
• Don’t have any rules, not work effective
• Hard to controls when the school out of track/ having trouble
• Employees can be creatively/ able to express their advantage easier
• Don’t have directions from leader cause them have no vision/mission to look forward which lead to the school can’t develop

Paternalistic:
• employees feel happy and joyful when working
• Understand each others help them in team work able to remains the school staff team

We conclude that democratic will give staffs in school organization the most motivation, It enables people to take part in decisions that have an impact on their life. Teachers and coordinators, sometimes students get together to talk about classroom procedures, and these discussions help to shape how the curriculum is organized.

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b)
A manager and leader can prompt a significant difference between leaders in organizations, such as schools. A manager would likely focus their employees on its productivity, providing rigid structural planning and delegation. The manager could possibly manage the entire organization, such as in school managing educational performance, meeting the school's academic goal, and having a detailed plan for productivity. Leaders, on the contrary, influence their subordinates to achieve a specified common goal. They give directions with the possessions of foresightedness and use conflict in some situations as an asset. Leaders tend to promote changes in a school as an example; they can improve their subordinates' morale with communication, promoting changes in teacher-student communication and interaction with students as an example for teachers.
C)
While the different styles of leadership can be applied to various organizations big or small. Namely, those autocratic, paternalistic, democratic and Laisez-faire leaderships are among the common leadership styles we would encounter or slight variations of it. Although it prompts different motivations, it’s crucial to understand how it can influence the level of staff motivation.
Autocratic leadership can be mentioned as the least motivated leadership and management style of all. It mostly focuses on behavioural and productivity. Autocratic leadership doesn’t delegate and interaction/ conversation of the between employees are minimal, no feedback from employees and poor working relationships can lead to employees being unmotivated and deteriorate their creativity as well. In a school, for example, the headteachers only instruct their employees and staff to follow strict rules and systems, it can greatly improve their productivity but their motivation will decrease over time due to a lack of creativity and feedback on whether the system implemented is good or not.
Democratic leadership involves employees in decision making and often consults staff and considers their views. Employees, leaders and managers can communicate more, increasing their leaders-employee relationships and improving the overall morale of the subordinates. In a school, this can be demonstrated by the headteachers inviting their subordinates and teachers in the decision of implementing a course whether it’s beneficial to everyone or not. This motivates their employees by giving them decision making power and involving freedom and trust.
Laisez-faire leadership is also known as the delegate management style. When a team has a high degree of competence and expertise, it can encourage members since they believe they are the experts. Employees are confident in their ability to complete their own tasks and projects. This trust may boost team morale and encourage members to take more responsibility for their job. In a school, this can leave teachers on their own creating a creative style on their own or on the whole team. By giving the teachers empowerment, they effectively improve self-gain and morale improvement. Though this also may demotivate several situations if they’re managers in charge of the school, i.e. the headteachers
Overall, the most motivated leadership styles are democratic, due to their ability to get together all of their employees in decision making that would benefit the whole organization or school. It gives their employees a sense of responsibility and empowerment in their workplace.

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b) The role of a manager is to observe the daily operations. Maintain authority over a department of specialists keeping them discipline. They are expected to be the expert of the group with the skill of connecting their team. Whereas, leaders evaluate the progress and productivity based on the results. They are required to be imaginative to come up with plans and ideas. It is also necessary for them to be able to be able to handle great pressure and communicate effectively and persuasively to unit and lead their workers. Their top priority is to benefit the organizations in terms of reputations and finances. In addition, managers must be empathetic as they are directly interacting with their workers.  They prioritize the quality of work within the group and opinions of members. For example, our school has Principle Miller, our leader, who create rules and policies that is believed to benefit the stakeholders and the school as a whole. He has authority, yet he is not expected to be an expert in academical subjects or side jobs like cooking or cleaning. On the other hand, Mr. Tonga is the head of the math department in our school. He is an expert at math. He has the responsibility of making sure the program and teaching methods are truly necessary and helpful to students. Mr. Tonga makes sure new math teachers are truly qualified to be a math teacher. Principle Miller, however, only visits random lectures occasionally to ensure lessons is up to standards.

c) There is a handful of leadership styles which includes: autocracy, paternalistic, democratic, Laissez - Faire, and situational. Different management and leader ship style could lead to change motivations of the staff. Depending on the organizational structures, type and size of the business, entrepreneurs, and other factors, particular leadership, and management style are used as the "best-fit" for the organization's efficiency and development.

Autocracy is a tricky and risky style. It should only be practiced if the leader is the wisest in the room. Autocratic leaders are the only one able to make a decision, thus this will lighten the shoulders of members knowing matters are taken care of by good hands. However, it may also cause more stress and worries in return as members now have to lay their trust in another. They will be unable to take actions when their guts urges them. In addition, this leadership style is often taken advantages of and abused. This fear may create a hostile relationships between the leaders and staffs decreasing their motivation and ability to function properly or efficiently. In organization such as a school, this style would be highly unpopular. Shareholders, specifically parents and students, would be dissatisfied as their cries and comments can often go unaddressed.

Democratic leadership, by contrast, is most favored by many people. This whole style revolves around the participation of everyone in an organization. It improves motivation as members feel their presence and words recognized. Satisfaction rates would improve as more members are able to participate and get involve. It motivates everyone's productivity as they know they also have the power to create changes and select decisions. Democratic leaderships in a school setting would be highly favored by all members including shareholders. Staffs would feel more welcomed and appreciated. If teachers demand for better school materials, leaders would answer these demands leading to better motivation and employee satisfaction.

Paternalistic leadership includes the leader placing themselves as the dominant authority. Leaders would often treat al members as family thus creating a more trusting and affectionate environment and relationships. This leadership approach motivates employees to work harder to please the parental leader and bring honor to the family.

Opposite of autocratic, Laissez-faire make few decisions and allow their staff to choose appropriate workplace solutions. This way of management leaves freedom for the employee to be creative. It will boost their mood and allowed them to not feel cramped and stucked. However, too much freedom would lead to them slacking off, and pursing the easiest option that is the least work, but may not be beneficial to the company itself. When relating it back a school environment, Laissez-faire works for its students, allowing them creativity and problem solving especially one who are in a council of students or President. It also works for teacher, as they get to teach the students in their own way, Implementing creative teaching method instead of boring ways that may not interest their students. In addition, each student, and class learn differently, in which mean the teacher has to be flexible making Laissez-faire the best way to management and leadership.

For situational, it is either a combination of 2 or multiple. This sort of management will affected the employee like the above. However, in addition to that, the staff will might feel tired of the constant change in management. It could either work well and please everyone or annoyed everyone. It could lead to a dissatisfaction in working or a spike in productivity for the one they liked most, or drop oppositely. This type of management and leadership is the riskiest and require attention to get it right. Situational also works well in school as the school should be strict on certain things, caring when needed, flexible, or require voting. This is one of the best type of management and leadership because it could benefit from all the advantage of each. This mean the school can be strict on certain rules and major issues, be flexible when trying to educate students, and has election and voting session to implement changes. The school is a very important organization and choosing the right management and leadership tool is important.

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Roselle, Dylis, Jolie, Kathy, Helen, Tony

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Roselle, Dylis, Jolie, Kathy, Helen, Tony

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b) The roles of leader in school such as Shaping a vision of academic success for all students and Managing people, data and processes. Leaders are required to be aware of and understand logically what is right to do to make effective decision for producing benefits to students, particularly, principals of SNA school know the importance and effectiveness of IB programs, therefore, they make decision to apply that program into students’ academic year to strengthen quality of education and facilitate professional and prestigious learning environments to students. Additionally, IB programs will tremendously provide students intense foundation and accurate skills including communication, collaboration, self-management, research, reflection and evaluate skills that will expand their perspectives and vision of becoming successful learners who are able to solve real-world problems and innovative exotic ideas, strategies. A good principle serves as a coach, guiding team members toward similar objectives. A good principal is a psychologist with the ability to assess people's motives and instill a shared vision. A good principle extracts the greatest value from data while allowing for minute-by-minute prioritization. A competent principle, in a nutshell, knows how to manage people, data, and processes.
One of the most important roles that managers in school such as Heads of Department and Heads of Year are responsible to carry out is that they must control and oversee other teachers’ performances. For example, SNA’s Heads of Finance must be responsible for the school’s revenue and profit each year or each semester in order to ensure its capital’s targets and aims are carefully observed and reached. With Heads of Teachers, their jobs are to ensure the teaching quality and the educators’ behaviors in order to maintain the school’s image and reputation. Research and determine new curricula is also one of the most important roles of the managers in school. The managers need to consider the learning situations of student in every grade, so that they can find out the most suitable curricula for student. For instance, the managers in SNA research and know the for the student in kindergarten is PYP and in secondary is DP programs. Therefore, it helps increase the average score of school and create a good relationship with the parents.
c)The influence of management styles:
Henr Fayol: With certain five functions of management including planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating and controlling, employees could observe and approach the operational process efficiently, consistently and accurately. Henr Fayol’s management style concentrates mostly on planning which is considered essential step that supports in keeping employees on track of working and reducing the risk of being procrastinated and distracted from accomplishing tasks since precise plan shows off specific executive duties and their deadlines. However, many counterviews argued that excessive command and control will harm personal satisfaction and staff’s self-respect since they must follow specific rules of organization and could not be allowed to express their personal ideas, thoughts and behaviors. Therefore, they would face with uncomfortable and ineffective communication and collaboration about issues and improvements during the process that will negatively influence their level of motivation and directly reduce their quality of performance in which staff would feel unsatisfied and uneasy to keep working following the initial plan. According to school, this style can support marketing department to maintain the progress of posting news, advertisements, images of students's activities on time to ensure that both students and parents will catch up the events and new announcement of school effectively. On another hand, following certain rules will not work flexibly due to limit in exotic, fresh and unusual ideas for designing and decorating, therefore, staff would feel bored as they could not express their personal styles and ideas that would directly reduce motivation.
According to Charles Handy, a manager should be responsible for the employees’ health problems, productivity and turnover rate. For example, if SNA remains low productivity with low teaching quality, the manager must concern and solve the situation. If the reason comes from low wages then they must report to the principal or Head of Finance in order to resolve it with financial incentives. This results as a motivation for the workers since they feel like they are well-protected and important to the business’s performance. Also, Handy suggests that managers are the balancers of cultural mixes. The managers are accountable to balance and connect the employees together. Especially with an international school like SNA where the teachers come from different countries, connecting them together will help to increase their motivation since they feel like they could effectively work by enhancing communication skills with others.
Peter Drucker management

Disadvantage:

- Only effective when there’s complete support from all levels of management, especially top management.

Ex: in school, it needs lots of levels of managers and employees working together to succeed and run the school.

- Increases the quantity of meetings to meet people in all levels, which in turn increases the amount of work and deadline and lead to unnecessarily burden managers

- Managers need to lots of certain skills like coaching, counseling, and more
The advantages of MOB is people participate in setting of goals and in decision making process. It can increase the staffs’s job satisfaction and motivation which helps improve the productivity, connects the relationship between the team members.
Different management and leadership styles influence the employee’s motivation differently from each other. Firstly, when a business such as schools choose to apply Autocratic as their leadership style, the level of motivation towards the teachers can be both negatively and positively affected. Autocratic means that every decisions are made by the Principal of the school or in another word, the company’s organizational structure remains centralization. With this type of leadership style as a foundation, employees are hardly getting comfortable due to lack of relationships between the seniors and their subordinates. Especially in education industry, communication remains crucial as the teachers should report and feedback or giving out their suggestions for their managers to improve the current performance when needed. Carrying out autocratic leads to high turnover rate since the employees are not motivated. However, in some certain cases, a centralised structure will help the school to follow the rules and principals that have been made which encourages the teachers’ discipline. Therefore, they will be motivated as they see themselves being more responsible for following the rules.

Laissez-faire leadership is when the leader gives out a decision and let their employees get together to discuss and raise their opinion. Therefore, laissez-faire leadership has the big influence in the employees’ motivation. For example, when the leader chooses this leadership, this means that they have an attitude of trust and reliance on their employees. Thus, the employees will be more motivated and confident when they have more opportunities to join into the decision-making of the business and. Furthermore, the motivation of the business can also be increased because of the employees have freedom of decision-making. As a result, when they have freedom to work their productivity automatically elevates. On the other hand, laissez-faire leadership also bring some drawbacks for the business. Firstly, the new employees may have a lot of pressure when they are not get used to with this process before. Therefore, they can be confused and may take the decision-making time becomes longer. Secondly, the time-consuming for the decision-making stage can make the employees feel bored and do not interested in the task anymore.
Situational leadership

Advantage:

- It could use all other leadership style depend on the situation.

Ex: if there are students who broke their leg, the principle (leader) would use democratic leadership to ask or give permission to the school’s nurse to solve the situation.

- This style can use to discovered various levels of development in each employee, it also addresses each employee’s skill level.

Ex: if there is any misunderstanding between parents and the school organization, the leader could call out any office staff to solve the problem. By that situation, it shows how the staff solve the problem, and how she uses her communicating skill toward parents.

- This style is simple of the leader knew how to use and familiar with it.

Ex: if the leader of a presentation group is answering questions from the teacher, he/she know a member in a group had research and familiar with it, the leader would give permission to the member to answer it.

- This kind of leadership create a better comfortable environment for staffs and employees because it implemented will typically match their needs, which motivate individual employees in a way that matches their needs, giving everyone a better chance to reach a positive outcome.

Disadvantage:

- The style of leader could be annoyed and confusion to the employees and staffs because they might constantly change their approach and decision depend on the situation.

- This style of leadership has to inspect the situation in many different side and many different face and sometimes it could not provide enough information for leader as well as the organization.