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Inspired by: Dr. Bob Boland (IU) and Dr B. Ndaw and Dr, I, Coulibaly and Dr Giles Boland (Harvard) and Dr. Shams Bathija (UNITA) and Dr. Catherine d'Arcangues (WHO) and Boston University and the Team. http://www.bu.edu/familymed/distance/cre/

Copyright: RGAB/2019/1. Free to all aid workers ...

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SPANISH // CRE LEARNING - Bob Boland - CRE LEARNING

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"Spanish (About this soundespañol (help·info)) or Castilian[b] (/kæˈstɪliən/ (About this soundlisten), About this soundcastellano (help·info)) is a Romance language that originated in the Iberian Peninsula of Europe and today is a global language with nearly 500 million native speakers, mainly in Spain and the Americas. " https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_language

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Inspired by: Dr. Bob Boland (IU) and Dr B. Ndaw and Dr, I, Coulibaly and Dr Giles Boland (Harvard) and Dr. Shams Bathija (UNITA) and Dr. Catherine d'Arcangues (WHO) and Boston University and the Team. http://www.bu.edu/familymed/distance/cre/

Copyright: RGAB/2019/1. Free to all aid workers ...

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SPANISH // CRE LEARNING - Bob Boland - CRE LEARNING

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"Spanish (About this soundespañol (help·info)) or Castilian[b] (/kæˈstɪliən/ (About this soundlisten), About this soundcastellano (help·info)) is a Romance language that originated in the Iberian Peninsula of Europe and today is a global language with nearly 500 million native speakers, mainly in Spain and the Americas. " https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_language

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WE ARE LOOKING FOR NATIVE SPEAKERS TO HELP COMPLETE A WORKING VERSION OF THE BAMBARA LANGUAGE

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WE ARE LOOKING FOR NATIVE SPEAKERS TO HELP COMPLETE A WORKING VERSION OF THE BAMBARA LANGUAGE

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Inspired by: Dr. Bob Boland (IU) and Dr B. Ndaw and Dr, I, Coulibaly and Dr Giles Boland (Harvard) and Dr. Shams Bathija (UNITA) and Dr. Catherine d'Arcangues (WHO) and Boston University and the Team. http://www.bu.edu/familymed/distance/cre/

Email: [email protected]
33 450 408982 / 199 Chemin Garenne, Prevessin 01280 France.
Copyright: RGAB/2006/1. Free to all aid workers ...

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BAMBARA // CRE LEARNING - Bob Boland - CRE LEARNING

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Inspired by: Dr. Bob Boland (IU) and Dr B. Ndaw and Dr, I, Coulibaly and Dr Giles Boland (Harvard) and Dr. Shams Bathija (UNITA) and Dr. Catherine d'Arcangues (WHO) and Boston University and the Team. http://www.bu.edu/familymed/distance/cre/ Email: [email protected] 33 450 408982 / 199 Chemin Garenne, Prevessin 01280 France. Copyright: RGAB/2006/1.

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Start to converse in GREEK with the CRE LEARNING method

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Start to converse in GREEK with the CRE LEARNING method

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Greek ( Modern Greek: Ελληνικά, Elliniká; Ancient Greek: Ἑλληνική, Indo-European family of languages, native to Hellēnikḗ) is an independent branch of the Greece, Cyprus, Albania, and the other parts of the Balkans, the Black Sea coast, and the Eastern Mediterranean. It has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning at least 3,400 years of written records. Its writing system is the Greek alphabet, which has been used for approximately 2,800 years; previously, Greek was recorded in writing systems such as Linear B and the Cypriot syllabary. The alphabet arose from the Phoenician script and was in turn the basis of the Latin, Cyrillic, Armenian, Coptic, Gothic, and many other writing systems.

Inspired by: Dr. Bob Boland (IU) and Dr B. Ndaw and Dr, I, Coulibaly and Dr Giles Boland (Harvard) and Dr. Shams Bathija (UNITA) and Dr. Catherine d'Arcangues (WHO) and Boston University and the Team. http://www.bu.edu/familymed/distance/cre/

Copyright: RGAB/2019/1. Free to all aid workers ...

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GREEK // CRE LEARNING - Bob Boland - CRE LEARNING

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Greek (Modern Greek: Ελληνικά, romanized: Elliniká; Ancient Greek: Ἑλληνική, romanized: Hellēnikḗ) is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages, native to Greece, Cyprus, Albania, and the other parts of the Balkans, the Black Sea coast, and the Eastern Mediterranean. It has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning at least 3,400 years of [...]

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Start to speak SWAHILI with CRE LEARNING 

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Start to speak SWAHILI with CRE LEARNING 

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Swahili, also known by its native name , is a Bantu language and the native language of the Swahili people. It is one of two official languages (the other being English) of the East African Community (EAC) countries, namely Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, South Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, and the recently added[when? ] Democratic Republic of the Congo. It is a lingua franca of other areas in the African Great Lakes region and East and Southern Africa, including some parts of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Malawi, Mozambique, the southern tip of Somalia, and Zambia. Swahili is also one of the working languages of the African Union and of the Southern African Development Community. The exact number of Swahili speakers, be they native or second-language speakers, is estimated to be between 50 million to 150 million.

Sixteen to twenty percent of the Swahili vocabulary are Arabic loanwords, including the word swahili, from Arabic sawāḥilī (, a plural adjectival form of an Arabic word meaning 'of the coast'). The Arabic loanwords date from the contacts of Arabian traders with the Bantu inhabitants of the east coast of Africa over many centuries, which was also when Swahili emerged as a lingua franca.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swahili_language
Inspired by: Dr. Bob Boland (IU) and Dr B. Ndaw and Dr, I, Coulibaly and Dr Giles Boland (Harvard) and Dr. Shams Bathija (UNITA) and Dr. Catherine d'Arcangues (WHO) and Boston University and the Team. http://www.bu.edu/familymed/distance/cre/

Copyright: RGAB/2019/1. Free to all aid workers ...

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SWAHILI // CRE LEARNING - Bob Boland - CRE LEARNING

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"Swahili, also known by its native name Kiswahili, is a Bantu language and the native language of the Swahili people.

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Start to speak one of the oldest languages in Europe in just 30 minutes 

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Start to speak one of the oldest languages in Europe in just 30 minutes 

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Inspired by: Dr. Bob Boland (IU) and Dr B. Ndaw and Dr, I, Coulibaly and Dr Giles Boland (Harvard) and Dr. Shams Bathija (UNITA) and Dr. Catherine d'Arcangues (WHO) and Boston University and the Team. http://www.bu.edu/familymed/distance/cre/

Copyright: RGAB/2019/1. Free to all aid workers ...

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BASQUE // CRE LEARNING - Bob Boland - CRE LEARNING

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"Basque (/bæsk, bɑːsk/;[3] Basque: Euskara, [eus̺ˈkaɾa]) is a language spoken in the Basque Country, a region that straddles the westernmost Pyrenees in adjacent parts of Northern Spain and Southwestern France. Linguistically, Basque is unrelated to the other languages of Europe and is a language isolate in relation to any other known living language.

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WOLOF is spoken in SENEGAL, MAURITANIA and the GAMBIA, why not start to converse?

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WOLOF is spoken in SENEGAL, MAURITANIA and the GAMBIA, why not start to converse?

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( Wolofal: ولوفل) is a language of Senegal, Mauritania and the Gambia, and the native language of the Wolof people. Like the neighbouring languages Serer and Fula, it belongs to the Senegambian branch of the Niger-Congo language family. Unlike most other languages of the Niger-Congo family, Wolof is not a tonal language.

Wolof is the most widely spoken language in Senegal, spoken natively by the Wolof people (40% of the population) but also by most other Senegalese as a second language. Wolof dialects vary geographically and between rural and urban areas. The principal dialect of Dakar, for instance, is an urban mixture of Wolof, French, and Arabic.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolof_language

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WOLOF // CRE LEARNING - Bob Boland - CRE LEARNING

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"Wolof /ˈwoʊlɒf/[4] is a language of Senegal, the Gambia and Mauritania, and the native language of the Wolof people. Like the neighbouring languages Serer and Fula, it belongs to the Senegambian branch of the Niger-Congo language family. Unlike most other languages of the Niger-Congo family, Wolof is not a tonal language.

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Kick start your PASHTO with CRE LEARNING in just 30 minutes

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Kick start your PASHTO with CRE LEARNING in just 30 minutes

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Spoken as a native language mostly by ethnic Pashtuns, it is one of the two official languages of Afghanistan, and is the second-largest provincial language of Pakistan, spoken mainly in the northwestern province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and the northern districts of the Balochistan province. Likewise, it is the primary language of the Pashtun diaspora around the world. The total number of Pashto speakers is at least 40 million, although some estimates place it as high as 60 million. Pashto is "one of the primary markers of ethnic identity" amongst Pashtuns.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pashto
Inspired by: Dr. Bob Boland (IU) and Dr B. Ndaw and Dr, I, Coulibaly and Dr Giles Boland (Harvard) and Dr. Shams Bathija (UNITA) and Dr. Catherine d'Arcangues (WHO) and Boston University and the Team. http://www.bu.edu/familymed/distance/cre/

Copyright: RGAB/2019/1. Free to all aid workers ...

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PASHTO // CRE LEARNING - Bob Boland - CRE LEARNING

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"Pashto (/ˈpʌʃtoʊ/,[4][5][6] /ˈpæʃtoʊ/;[Note 1] پښتو / Pax̌tó, [pəʂt̪oˈ, pʊxt̪oˈ, pəʃt̪oˈ, pəçt̪oˈ]), sometimes spelled Pukhto or Pakhto,[Note 2] is an Eastern Iranian language of the Indo-European family.

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Why not start to learn some XHOSA with CRE Learning?

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Why not start to learn some XHOSA with CRE Learning?

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Inspired by: Dr. Bob Boland (IU) and Dr B. Ndaw and Dr, I, Coulibaly and Dr Giles Boland (Harvard) and Dr. Shams Bathija (UNITA) and Dr. Catherine d'Arcangues (WHO) and Boston University and the Team.
http://www.bu.edu/familymed/distance/cre/
Copyright: RGAB/2019/1. Free to all aid workers ...

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XHOSA // CRE LEARNING - Bob Boland - CRE LEARNING

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Inspired by: Dr. Bob Boland (IU) and Dr B. Ndaw and Dr, I, Coulibaly and Dr Giles Boland (Harvard) and Dr. Shams Bathija (UNITA) and Dr. Catherine d'Arcangues (WHO) and Boston University and the Team. http://www.bu.edu/familymed/distance/cre/ Copyright: RGAB/2019/1. Free to all aid workers ...

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Start to learn SHONA with the CRE METHOD, with a 30 minute exercise

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Start to learn SHONA with the CRE METHOD, with a 30 minute exercise

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(; Shona: chiShona) is a Bantu language of the Shona people of Zimbabwe. It was codified by the colonial government in the 1950s. According to Ethnologue, Shona, comprising the Zezuru, Korekore and Karanga dialects, is spoken by about 7.5 million people. The Manyika and Ndau dialects of Shona are listed separately by Ethnologue, and are spoken by 1,025,000 and 2,380,000 people, respectively.

The larger group of historically related languages-called Shona languages by linguists-also includes Ndau (Eastern Shona) and Kalanga (Western Shona).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shona_language

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SHONA // CRE LEARNING - Bob Boland - CRE LEARNING

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(; Shona: chiShona) is a Bantu language of the Shona people of Zimbabwe. It was codified by the colonial government in the 1950s. According to Ethnologue, Shona, comprising the Zezuru, Korekore and Karanga dialects, is spoken by about 7.5 million people.

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ZULU // CRE LEARNING - Bob Boland - CRE LEARNING

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“Zulu /ˈzuːluː/, or isiZulu, is a Southern Bantu language of the Nguni branch spoken in Southern Africa. It is the language of the Zulu people, with about 12 million native speakers, who primarily inhabit the province of KwaZulu-Natal of South Africa. Zulu is the most widely spoken home language in…

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Start to converse in TSWANA and communicate with people in BOTSWANA and SOUTH AFRICA!

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Start to converse in TSWANA and communicate with people in BOTSWANA and SOUTH AFRICA!

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Tswana, also known by its native name , is a Bantu language spoken in Southern Africa by about 8.2 million people. It belongs to the Bantu language family within the Sotho-Tswana branch of Zone S (S.30), and is closely related to the Northern Sotho and Southern Sotho languages, as well as the Kgalagadi language and the Lozi language.

Setswana is an official language and lingua franca of Botswana and South Africa. Tswana tribes are found in more than two provinces of South Africa, primarily in the North West, where about four million people speak the language. An urbanised variety, which is part slang and not the formal Setswana, is known as Pretoria Sotho, and is the principal unique language of the city of Pretoria. The three South African provinces with the most speakers are Gauteng (circa 11%), Northern Cape, and North West (over 70%). Until 1994, South African Tswana people were notionally citizens of Bophuthatswana, one of the bantustans of the apartheid regime. The Setswana language in the Northwest Province has variations in which it is spoken according to the tribes found in the Tswana culture (Bakgatla, Barolong, Bakwena, Batlhaping, Bahurutshe, Bafokeng, Batlokwa, Bataung, Bakgatla and Bapo, among others); the written language remains the same. A small number of speakers are also found in Zimbabwe (unknown number) and Namibia (about 10,000 people).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tswana_language

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TSWANA // CRE LEARNING - Bob Boland - CRE LEARNING

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"The Tswana language (Setswana) is a Bantu language spoken in Southern Africa by about 8,2 million people.[1] It is a Bantu language belonging to the Niger-Congo language family within the Sotho-Tswana branch of Zone S (S.30), and is closely related to the Northern Sotho and Southern Sotho languages, as well as the Kgalagadi language and the Lozi language.

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Start to converse in INDONESIAN with the C.R.E. method

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Start to converse in INDONESIAN with the C.R.E. method

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INDONESIAN // CRE LEARNING - Bob Boland - CRE LEARNING

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“Indonesian (bahasa Indonesia, [baˈha.sa in.doˈne.sja]) is the official language of Indonesia. It is a standardised variety of Malay,[4] an Austronesian language that has been used as a lingua franca in the multilingual Indonesian archipelago for centuries. Indonesia is the fourth most populous nati…

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WE ARE LOOKING FOR MONGOL-SPEAKERS TO COMPLETE A WORKING VERSION OF THE PROGRAM

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WE ARE LOOKING FOR MONGOL-SPEAKERS TO COMPLETE A WORKING VERSION OF THE PROGRAM

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Inspired by: Dr. Bob Boland (IU) and Dr Giles Boland (Harvard) and Dr. Shams Bathija (UNITA) and Dr. Catherine d'Arcangues (WHO) and Boston University and the Team. http://www.bu.edu/familymed/distance/cre/

Copyright: RGAB/2019/1. Free to all aid workers ...

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MONGOL // CRE LEARNING // DRAFT // COLLABORATORS WELCOME! - Bob Boland - CRE LEARNING

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"Mongolian (Cyrillic:Монгол Хэл; Traditional Mongol:ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ; Phags-pa-ꡏꡡꡃ ꡢꡡꡙ ꡁꡦ ꡙꡦ) is the official language of Mongolia and both the most widely spoken and best-known member of the Mongolic language family. The number of speakers across all its dialects may be 5.2 million, including the vast majority of the residents of Mongolia and many of the ethnic Mongol residents of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China."

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() ( Tagalog pronunciation: ) is an Austronesian language spoken as a first language by the ethnic Tagalog people, who make up a quarter of the population of the Philippines and as a second language by the majority. Its standardized form, officially named , is the national language of the Philippines, and is one of two official languages alongside English.

Tagalog is closely related to other Philippine languages, such as the Bikol languages, Ilocano, the Visayan languages, Kapampangan, and Pangasinan, and more distantly to other Austronesian languages, such as the Formosan languages of Taiwan, Malay ( Malaysian and Indonesian), Hawaiian, Māori, and Malagasy.

The word Tagalog is derived from the endonym taga-ilog ("river dweller"), composed of tagá- ("native of" or "from") and ilog ("river"). Linguists such as Dr. David Zorc and Dr. Robert Blust speculate that the Tagalogs and other Central Philippine ethno-linguistic groups originated in Northeastern Mindanao or the Eastern Visayas.

Possible words of Old Tagalog origin are attested in the Laguna Copperplate Inscription from the tenth century, which is largely written in Old Malay. The first known complete book to be written in Tagalog is the Doctrina Christiana (Christian Doctrine), printed in 1593. The Doctrina was written in Spanish and two transcriptions of Tagalog; one in the ancient, then-current Baybayin script and the other in an early Spanish attempt at a Latin orthography for the language.

Throughout the 333 years of Spanish rule, various grammars and dictionaries were written by Spanish clergymen. In 1610, the Dominican priest Francisco Blancas de San Jose published the "Arte y reglas de la lengua tagala" (which was subsequently revised with two editions in 1752 and 1832) in Bataan. In 1613, the Franciscan priest Pedro de San Buenaventura published the first Tagalog dictionary, his "Vocabulario de la lengua tagala" in Pila, Laguna.

The first substantial dictionary of the Tagalog language was written by the Czech Jesuit missionary Pablo Clain in the beginning of the 18th century. Clain spoke Tagalog and used it actively in several of his books. He prepared the dictionary, which he later passed over to Francisco Jansens and José Hernandez. Further compilation of his substantial work was prepared by P. Juan de Noceda and P. Pedro de Sanlucar and published as Vocabulario de la lengua tagala in Manila in 1754 and then repeatedly reedited, with the last edition being in 2013 in Manila.

Among others, Arte de la lengua tagala y manual tagalog para la administración de los Santos Sacramentos (1850) in addition to early studies of the language.

The indigenous poet Francisco Baltazar (1788-1862) is regarded as the foremost Tagalog writer, his most notable work being the early 19th-century epic Florante at Laura.

Tagalog differs from its Central Philippine counterparts with its treatment of the Proto-Philippine schwa vowel *ə. In most Bikol and Visayan languages, this sound merged with /u/ and [o]. In Tagalog, it has merged with /i/. For example, Proto-Philippine *dəkət (adhere, stick) is Tagalog dikít and Visayan & Bikol dukot.

Proto-Philippine *r, *j, and *z merged with /d/ but is /l/ between vowels. Proto-Philippine *ŋajan (name) and *hajək (kiss) became Tagalog ngalan and halík.

Proto-Philippine *R merged with /ɡ/. *tubiR (water) and *zuRuʔ (blood) became Tagalog tubig and dugô.

Tagalog was declared the official language by the first revolutionary constitution in the Philippines, the Constitution of Biak-na-Bato in 1897.

In 1935, the Philippine constitution designated English and Spanish as official languages, but mandated the development and adoption of a common national language based on one of the existing native languages. After study and deliberation, the National Language Institute, a committee composed of seven members who represented various regions in the Philippines, chose Tagalog as the basis for the evolution and adoption of the national language of the Philippines. President Manuel L. Quezon then, on December 30, 1937, proclaimed the selection of the Tagalog language to be used as the basis for the evolution and adoption of the national language of the Philippines. In 1939, President Quezon renamed the proposed Tagalog-based national language as Wikang Pambansâ (national language). Under the Japanese puppet government during World War II, Tagalog as a national language was strongly promoted; the 1943 Constitution specifying: The government shall take steps toward the development and propagation of Tagalog as the national language.".

In 1959, the language was further renamed as "Pilipino". Along with English, the national language has had official status under the 1973 constitution (as "Pilipino") and the present 1987 constitution (as Filipino).

The adoption of Tagalog in 1937 as basis for a national language is not without its own controversies. Instead of specifying Tagalog, the national language was designated as Wikang Pambansâ ("National Language") in 1939. Twenty years later, in 1959, it was renamed by then Secretary of Education, José Romero, as to give it a national rather than ethnic label and connotation. The changing of the name did not, however, result in acceptance among non- Tagalogs, especially Cebuanos who had not accepted the selection.

The national language issue was revived once more during the 1971 Constitutional Convention. The majority of the delegates were even in favor of scrapping the idea of a "national language" altogether. A compromise solution was worked out-a "universalist" approach to the national language, to be called Filipino rather than Pilipino. The 1973 constitution makes no mention of Tagalog. When a new constitution was drawn up in 1987, it named Filipino as the national language. The constitution specified that as the Filipino language evolves, it shall be further developed and enriched on the basis of existing Philippine and other languages. However, more than two decades after the institution of the "universalist" approach, there seems to be little if any difference between Tagalog and Filipino.

Many of the older generation in the Philippines feel that the replacement of English by Tagalog in the popular visual media has had dire economic effects regarding the competitiveness of the Philippines in trade and overseas remittances.

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it.

Upon the issuance of Executive Order No. 134, Tagalog was declared as basis of the National Language. On 12 April 1940, Executive No. 263 was issued ordering the teaching of the national language in all public and private schools in the country.

Article XIV, Section 6 of the 1987 Constitution of the Philippines specifies, in part:

Subject to provisions of law and as the Congress may deem appropriate, the Government shall take steps to initiate and sustain the use of Filipino as a medium of official communication and as language of instruction in the educational system.

Under Section 7, however:

The regional languages are the auxiliary official languages in the regions and shall serve as auxiliary media of instruction therein.

In 2009, the Department of Education promulgated an order institutionalizing a system of mother-tongue based multilingual education ("MLE"), wherein instruction is conducted primarily in a student's mother tongue (one of the various regional Philippine languages) until at least grade three, with additional languages such as Filipino and English being introduced as separate subjects no earlier than grade two. In secondary school, Filipino and English become the primary languages of instruction, with the learner's first language taking on an auxiliary role. After pilot tests in selected schools, the MLE program was implemented nationwide from School Year (SY) 2012-2013.

Tagalog is the first language of a quarter of the population of the Philippines (particularly in Central and Southern Luzon) and the second language for the majority.

According to the Philippine Statistics Authority, as of 2014 there were 100 million people living in the Philippines, where the vast majority have some basic level of understanding of the language. The Tagalog homeland, Katagalugan, covers roughly much of the central to southern parts of the island of Luzon-particularly in Aurora, Bataan, Batangas, Bulacan, Cavite, Laguna, Metro Manila, Nueva Ecija, Quezon, Rizal, and Zambales. Tagalog is also spoken natively by inhabitants living on the islands of Marinduque and Mindoro, as well as Palawan to a lesser extent. Significant minorities are found in the other Central Luzon provinces of Pampanga and Tarlac, Ambos Camarines in Bicol Region, and the Cordillera city of Baguio. Tagalog is also the predominant language of Cotabato City in Mindanao, making it the only place outside of Luzon with a native Tagalog speaking majority.

At the 2000 Philippines Census, it is spoken by approximately 57.3 million Filipinos, 96% of the household population who were able to attend school; slightly over 22 million, or 28% of the total Philippine population, speak it as a native language.

The following regions and provinces of the Philippines are majority Tagalog-speaking (from north to south):

Tagalog speakers are also found in other parts of the Philippines and through its standardized form of Filipino, the language serves the national lingua franca of the country.

Tagalog also serves as the common language among Overseas Filipinos, though its use overseas is usually limited to communication between Filipino ethnic groups. The largest concentration of Tagalog speakers outside the Philippines is found in the United States, where in 2013, the U.S. Census Bureau reported (based on data collected in 2011) that it was the fourth most-spoken non-English language at home with almost 1.6 million speakers, behind Spanish, French (including Patois, Cajun, Creole), and Chinese (with figures for Cantonese and Mandarin combined). In urban areas, Tagalog ranked as the third most spoken non-English language, behind Spanish and Chinese varieties but ahead of French. Other countries with significant concentrations of overseas Filipinos and Tagalog speakers include Saudi Arabia, Canada, United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, and Malaysia.

Tagalog is a Central Philippine language within the Austronesian language family. Being Malayo-Polynesian, it is related to other Austronesian languages, such as Malagasy, Javanese, Malay ( Malaysian and Indonesian), Tetum (of Timor), and Yami (of Taiwan). It is closely related to the languages spoken in the Bicol Region and the Visayas islands, such as the Bikol group and the Visayan group, including Waray-Waray, Hiligaynon and Cebuano.

At present, no comprehensive dialectology has been done in the Tagalog-speaking regions, though there have been descriptions in the form of dictionaries and grammars of various Tagalog dialects. Ethnologue lists Manila, Lubang, Marinduque, Bataan (Western Central Luzon), Batangas, Bulacan (Eastern Central Luzon), Tanay-Paete (Rizal-Laguna), and Tayabas (Quezon and Aurora) as dialects of Tagalog; however, there appear to be four main dialects, of which the aforementioned are a part: Northern (exemplified by the Bulacan dialect), Central (including Manila), Southern (exemplified by Batangas), and Marinduque.

Some example of dialectal differences are:

Many Tagalog dialects, particularly those in the south, preserve the glottal stop found after consonants and before vowels. This has been lost in Standard Tagalog. For example, standard Tagalog ngayón (now, today), sinigáng (broth stew), gabí (night), matamís (sweet), are pronounced and written ngay-on, sinig-ang, gab-i, and matam-is in other dialects.

In Teresian-Morong Tagalog, [ɾ] is usually preferred over [d]. For example, bundók, dagat, dingdíng, and isdâ become bunrók, ragat, ringríng, and isrâ, e.g. "sandók sa dingdíng" becoming "sanrók sa ringríng".

In many southern dialects, the progressive aspect infix of -um- verbs is na-. For example, standard Tagalog kumakain (eating) is nákáin in Quezon and Batangas Tagalog. This is the butt of some jokes by other Tagalog speakers, for should a Southern Tagalog ask nákáin ka ba ng patíng? ("Do you eat shark?"), he would be understood as saying "Has a shark eaten you?" by speakers of the Manila Dialect.

Some dialects have interjections which are considered a regional trademark. For example, the interjection ala e! usually identifies someone from Batangas as does hane?! in Rizal and Quezon provinces.

Perhaps the most divergent Tagalog dialects are those spoken in Marinduque. Linguist Rosa Soberano identifies two dialects, western and eastern, with the former being closer to the Tagalog dialects spoken in the provinces of Batangas and Quezon.

One example is the verb conjugation paradigms. While some of the affixes are different, Marinduque also preserves the imperative affixes, also found in Visayan and Bikol languages, that have mostly disappeared from most Tagalog early 20th century; they have since merged with the infinitive.

Northern and central dialects form the basis for the national language.

The Tagalog language also boasts accentations unique to some parts of Tagalog-speaking regions. For example, in some parts of Manila, a strong pronunciation of i exists and vowel-switching of o and u exists so words like "gising" (to wake) is pronounced as "giseng" with a strong 'e' and the word "tagu-taguan" (hide-and-go-seek) is pronounced as "tago-tagoan" with a mild 'o'.

Batangas Tagalog boasts the most distinctive accent in Tagalog compared to the more Hispanized northern accents of the language.[citation needed ] The Batangas accent has been featured in film and television and Filipino actor Leo Martinez speaks with this accent. Martinez's accent, however, will quickly be recognized by native Batangueños as representative of the accent in western Batangas which is milder compared to that used in the eastern part of the province.[citation needed ]

Bulacan Tagalog has more deep words and accented like Filipino during the Spanish period.

Quezon and Aurora's (Tayabas Tagalog) has unique accents. Quezon's Tagalog has also has several unique words, and each town has a different tone, like in Sariaya, Atimonan and Gumaca.

Cavite accent specifically in the lowland part of the province were a mix of deep Tagalog and Chavacano, a language also spoken in Zamboanga while in upland Cavite like in the municipalities of Alfonso, Cavite, Magallanes, Cavite as well as Tagaytay City uses the accent comparable to the accent used in western Batangas due to its proximity.

Laguna also has a different set of accents, notably in the municipality of Alaminos, Laguna and the City of San Pablo, Laguna has the accent comparable to the accent used in eastern Batangas while the accent used in the northern parts of Laguna such as Biñan, Laguna and San Pedro, Laguna uses the accent comparable to Manila Tagalog.

Nueva Ecija's accent is like Bulacan's, but with different intonations. Tarlac also has this accent.

Taglish and Englog are names given to a mix of English and Tagalog. The amount of English vs. Tagalog varies from the occasional use of English loan words to changing language in mid-sentence. Such code-switching is prevalent throughout the Philippines and in various languages of the Philippines other than Tagalog.

Code-mixing also entails the use of foreign words that are "Filipinized" by reforming them using Filipino rules, such as verb conjugations. Users typically use Filipino or English words, whichever comes to mind first or whichever is easier to use.

Magshoshopping kami sa mall. Sino ba ang magdadrive sa shopping center?

We will go shopping at the mall. Who will drive to the shopping center?

City-dwellers are more likely to do this.

The practice is common in television, radio, and print media as well. Advertisements from companies like Wells Fargo, Wal-Mart, Albertsons, McDonald's, and Western Union have contained Taglish.

Tagalog has 33 phonemes: 19 of them are consonants and 14 are vowels. Syllable structure is relatively simple, being maximally CrVC, where Cr only occurs in borrowed words such as trak "truck" or sombréro "hat".

Tagalog has ten simple vowels, five long and five short, and four diphthongs. Before appearing in the area north of the Pasig river, Tagalog had three vowel qualities: /a/, /i/, and /u/. This was later expanded to five with the introduction of words from central and northern Philippines, such as the Kapampangan, Pangasinan and Ilocano languages, as well as Spanish words.

Nevertheless, simplification of pairs [o ~ u] and [ɛ ~ i] is likely to take place, especially in some Tagalog as second language, remote location and working class registers.

The four diphthongs are /aj/, /uj/, /aw/, and /iw/. Long vowels are not written apart from pedagogical texts, where an acute accent is used: á é í ó ú.

The table above shows all the possible realizations for each of the five vowel sounds depending on the speaker's origin or proficiency. The five general vowels are in bold.

Below is a chart of Tagalog consonants. All the stops are unaspirated. The velar nasal occurs in all positions including at the beginning of a word. Loanword variants using these phonemes are italicized inside the angle brackets.

/k/ between vowels has a tendency to become [x] as in loch, German Bach, whereas in the initial position it has a tendency to become [kx], especially in the Manila dialect.

Intervocalic /ɡ/ and /k/ tend to become [ɰ], as in Spanish agua, especially in the Manila dialect.

/ɾ/ and /d/ were once allophones, and they still vary grammatically, with initial /d/ becoming intervocalic /ɾ/ in many words.

A glottal stop that occurs in pausa (before a pause) is omitted when it is in the middle of a phrase, especially in the Metro Manila area. The vowel it follows is then lengthened. However, it is preserved in many other dialects.

The /ɾ/ phoneme is an alveolar rhotic that has a free variation between a trill, a flap and an approximant ([r~ɾ~ɹ]).

The /dʒ/ phoneme may become a consonant cluster [dd͡ʒ] in between vowels such as sadyâ [sadˈd͡ʒäʔ].

Glottal stop is not indicated. Glottal stops are most likely to occur when:

the word starts with a vowel, like aso (dog)

the word includes a dash followed by a vowel, like mag-aral (study)

the word has two vowels next to each other, like paano (how)

the word starts with a prefix followed by a verb that starts with a vowel, like mag-aayos ([will] fix)

Stress is a distinctive feature in Tagalog. Primary stress occurs on either the final or the penultimate syllable of a word. Vowel lengthening accompanies primary or secondary stress except when stress occurs at the end of a word.

Tagalog words are often distinguished from one another by the position of the stress and/or the presence of a final glottal stop. In formal or academic settings, stress placement and the glottal stop are indicated by a diacritic ( tuldík) above the final vowel. The penultimate primary stress position ( malumay) is the default stress type and so is left unwritten except in dictionaries.

Tagalog, like other Philippines languages today, is written using the Latin alphabet. Prior to the arrival of the Spanish in 1521 and the beginning of their colonization in 1565, Tagalog was written in an abugida-or alphasyllabary-called Baybayin. This system of writing gradually gave way to the use and propagation of the Latin alphabet as introduced by the Spanish. As the Spanish began to record and create grammars and dictionaries for the various languages of the Philippine archipelago, they adopted systems of writing closely following the orthographic customs of the Spanish language and were refined over the years. Until the first half of the 20th century, most Philippine languages were widely written in a variety of ways based on Spanish orthography.

In the late 19th century, a number of educated Filipinos began proposing for revising the spelling system used for Tagalog at the time. In 1884, Filipino doctor and student of languages Trinidad Pardo de Tavera published his study on the ancient Tagalog script Contribucion para el Estudio de los Antiguos Alfabetos Filipinos and in 1887, published his essay El Sanscrito en la lengua Tagalog which made use of a new writing system developed by him. Meanwhile, Jose Rizal, inspired by Pardo de Tavera's 1884 work, also began developing a new system of orthography (unaware at first of Pardo de Tavera's own orthography). A major noticeable change in these proposed orthographies was the use of the letter ⟨k⟩ rather than ⟨c⟩ and ⟨q⟩ to represent the phoneme /k/.

In 1889, the new bilingual Spanish-Tagalog La España Oriental newspaper, of which Isabelo de los Reyes was an editor, began publishing using the new orthography stating in a footnote that it would "use the orthography recently introduced by ... learned Orientalis". This new orthography, while having its supporters, was also not initially accepted by several writers. Soon after the first issue of La España, Pascual H. Poblete's Revista Católica de Filipina began a series of articles attacking the new orthography and its proponents. A fellow writer, Pablo Tecson was also critical. Among the attacks was the use of the letters "k" and "w" as they were deemed to be of German origin and thus its proponents were deemed as "unpatriotic". The publishers of these two papers would eventually merge as La Lectura Popular in January 1890 and would eventually make use of both spelling systems in its articles. Pedro Laktaw, a schoolteacher, published the first Spanish-Tagalog dictionary using the new orthography in 1890.

In April 1890, Jose Rizal authored an article Sobre la Nueva Ortografia de la Lengua Tagalog in the Madrid-based periodical La Solidaridad. In it, he addressed the criticisms of the new writing system by writers like Pobrete and Tecson and the simplicity, in his opinion, of the new orthography. Rizal described the orthography promoted by Pardo de Tavera as "more perfect" than what he himself had developed. The new orthography was however not broadly adopted initially and was used inconsistently in the bilingual periodicals of Manila until the early 20th century. The revolutionary society Kataás-taasan, Kagalang-galang Katipunan ng̃ mg̃á Anak ng̃ Bayan or Katipunan made use of the k-orthography and the letter k featured prominently on many of its flags and insignias.

In 1937, Tagalog was selected to serve as basis for the country's national language. In 1940, the Balarílà ng Wikang Pambansâ (English: Grammar of the National Language) of grammarian Lope K. Santos introduced the Abakada alphabet. This alphabet consists of 20 letters and became the standard alphabet of the national language. The orthography as used by Tagalog would eventually influence and spread to the systems of writing used by other Philippine languages (which had been using variants of the Spanish-based system of writing). In 1987, the ABAKADA was dropped and in its place is the expanded Filipino alphabet.

Tagalog was written in an abugida ( alphasyllabary) called Baybayin prior to the Spanish colonial period in the Philippines, in the 16th century. This particular writing system was composed of symbols representing three vowels and 14 consonants. Belonging to the Brahmic family of scripts, it shares similarities with the Old Kawi script of Java and is believed to be descended from the script used by the Bugis in Sulawesi.

Although it enjoyed a relatively high level of literacy, Baybayin gradually fell into disuse in favor of the Latin alphabet taught by the Spaniards during their rule.

There has been confusion of how to use Baybayin, which is actually an abugida, or an alphasyllabary, rather than an alphabet. Not every letter in the Latin alphabet is represented with one of those in the Baybayin alphasyllabary. Rather than letters being put together to make sounds as in Western languages, Baybayin uses symbols to represent syllables.

A "kudlit" resembling an apostrophe is used above or below a symbol to change the vowel sound after its consonant. If the kudlit is used above, the vowel is an "E" or "I" sound. If the kudlit is used below, the vowel is an "O" or "U" sound. A special kudlit was later added by Spanish missionaries in which a cross placed below the symbol to get rid of the vowel sound all together, leaving a consonant. Previously, the consonant without a following vowel was simply left out (for example, bundok being rendered as budo), forcing the reader to use context when reading such words.

Example:

Baybayin is encoded in Unicode version 3.2 in the range 1700-171F under the name "Tagalog".

Abecedario

Until the first half of the 20th century, Tagalog was widely written in a variety of ways based on Spanish orthography consisting of 32 letters called ' ABECEDARIO' ( Spanish for "alphabet"):

When the national language was based on Tagalog, grammarian Lope K. Santos introduced a new alphabet consisting of 20 letters called ABAKADA in school grammar books called balarilà:

Revised alphabet

In 1987, the Department of Education, Culture and Sports issued a memo stating that the Philippine alphabet had changed from the Pilipino-Tagalog Abakada version to a new 28-letter alphabet to make room for loans, especially family names from Spanish and English:

The genitive marker ng and the plural marker mga (e.g. Iyan ang mga damit ko. (Those are my clothe s)) are abbreviations that are pronounced nang [naŋ] and mangá [mɐˈŋa]. Ng, in most cases, roughly translates to "of" (ex. Siya ay kapatid ng nanay ko. She is the sibling of my mother) while nang usually means "when" or can describe how something is done or to what extent (equivalent to the suffix -ly in English adverbs), among other uses.

Nang si Hudas ay nadulás.-When Judas slipped.

Gumalíng nang todo si Juan dahil nag-ensayo siya.-Juan greatly improved because he practiced.

In the first example, nang is used in lieu of the word noong (when; Noong si Hudas ay madulas). In the second, nang describes that the person woke up ( gumising) early ( maaga); gumising nang maaga. In the third, nang described up to what extent that Juan improved ( gumaling), which is "greatly" ( nang todo). In the latter two examples, the ligature na and its variants -ng and -g may also be used ( Gumising na maaga/Maagang gumising; Gumaling na todo/Todong gumaling).

The longer nang may also have other uses, such as a ligature that joins a repeated word:

Naghintáy sila nang naghintáy.-They kept on waiting" (a closer calque: "They were waiting and waiting.")

The words pô/hô and opò/ohò are traditionally used as polite iterations of the affirmative " oo" ("yes"). It is generally used when addressing elders or superiors such as bosses or teachers.

"Pô" and "opò" are specifically used to denote a high level of respect when addressing older persons of close affinity like parents, relatives, teachers and family friends. "Hô" and "ohò" are generally used to politely address older neighbours, strangers, public officials, bosses and nannies, and may suggest a distance in societal relationship and respect determined by the addressee's social rank and not their age. However, "pô" and "opò" can be used in any case in order to express an elevation of respect.

Example: "Pakitapon naman pô/ho yung basura." ("Please throw away the trash.")

Used in the affirmative:

Pô/Hô may also be used in negation.

Tagalog vocabulary is composed mostly of words of native Austronesian origin - most of the words that end with the diphthongs -iw, (e.g. saliw) and those words that exhibit reduplication (e.g. halo-halo, patpat, etc.). However it has a significant number of Spanish loanwords. Spanish is the language that has bequeathed the most loanwords to Tagalog.

In pre-Hispanic times, Trade Malay was widely known and spoken throughout Maritime Southeast Asia.

Tagalog also includes many loanwords from English, Indian languages ( Sanskrit and Tamil), Chinese languages ( Hokkien, Cantonese, Mandarin), Japanese, Arabic and Persian.

Due to trade with Mexico via the Manila galleons from the 16th to the 19th centuries, many words from Nahuatl (Aztec) and Castilian (Spanish) were introduced to Tagalog.

The Philippines has long been a melting pot of nations. The islands have been subject to different influences and a meeting point of numerous migrations since the early prehistoric origins of trading activities, especially from the time of the Neolithic Period, the Silk Road, the Tang Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty, the Ryukyu Kingdom, the Spice Route and the Manila Galleon trading periods. This means that the evolution of the language is difficult to reconstruct (although many theories exist).

English has borrowed some words from Tagalog, such as abaca, barong, balisong, boondocks, jeepney, Manila hemp, pancit, ylang-ylang, and yaya, although the vast majority of these borrowed words are only used in the Philippines as part of the vocabularies of Philippine English.[citation needed ]

Tagalog has contributed several words to Philippine Spanish, like barangay (from balan͠gay, meaning barrio), the abacá, cogon, palay, dalaga etc.

Below is a chart of Tagalog and a number of other Austronesian languages comparing thirteen words.

Religious literature remains one of the most dynamic contributors to Tagalog literature. The first Bible in Tagalog, then called Ang Biblia ("the Bible") and now called Ang Dating Biblia ("the Old Bible"), was published in 1905. In 1970, the Philippine Bible Society translated the Bible into modern Tagalog. Even before the Second Vatican Council, devotional materials in Tagalog had been in circulation. There are at least four circulating Tagalog translations of the Bible

When the Second Vatican Council, (specifically the Sacrosanctum Concilium) permitted the universal prayers to be translated into vernacular languages, the Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines was one of the first to translate the Roman Missal into Tagalog. The Roman Missal in Tagalog was published as early as 1982.

Jehovah's Witnesses were printing Tagalog literature at least as early as 1941 and The Watchtower (the primary magazine of Jehovah's Witnesses) has been published in Tagalog since at least the 1950s. New releases are now regularly released simultaneously in a number of languages, including Tagalog. The official website of Jehovah's Witnesses also has some publications available online in Tagalog. The revised bible edition, the New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures, was released in Tagalog on 2019 and it is distributed without charge both printed and online versions.

Tagalog is quite a stable language, and very few revisions have been made to Catholic Bible translations. Also, as Protestantism in the Philippines is relatively young, liturgical prayers tend to be more ecumenical.

Lord's Prayer

In Tagalog, the Lord's Prayer is exclusively known by its incipit, Amá Namin (literally, "Our Father").

Amá namin, sumasalangit Ka,
Sambahín ang ngalan Mo.
Mapasaamin ang kaharián Mo.
Sundín ang loób Mo,
Dito sa lupà, gaya nang sa langit.
Bigyán Mo kamí ngayón ng aming kakanin sa araw-araw,
At patawarin Mo kamí sa aming mga salâ,
Para nang pagpápatawad namin,
Sa nagkakasalà sa amin;
At huwág Mo kamíng ipahintulot sa tuksó,
At iadyâ Mo kamí sa lahát ng masamâ.
[Sapagkát sa Inyó ang kaharián, at ang kapangyarihan,
At ang kaluwálhatian, ngayón, at magpakailanman.]
Amen.

This is Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights ( Pángkalahatáng Pagpapahayag ng Karapatáng Pantao)

Bawat tao'y isinilang na may layà at magkakapantáy ang tagláy na dangál at karapatán. Silá'y pinagkalooban ng pangangatwiran at budhî na kailangang gamitin nilá sa pagtuturingan nilá sa diwà ng pagkakapatiran.

All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.

The numbers ( mga bilang) in Tagalog language are of two sets. The first set consists of native Tagalog words and the other set are Spanish loanwords. (This may be compared to other East Asian languages, except with the second set of numbers borrowed from Spanish instead of Chinese.) For example, when a person refers to the number "seven", it can be translated into Tagalog as " pito" or " siyete" (Spanish: siete).

Months and days in Tagalog are also localised forms of Spanish months and days. "Month" in Tagalog is buwán (also the word for moon) and "day" is araw (the word also means sun). Unlike Spanish, however, months and days in Tagalog are always capitalised.

Time expressions in Tagalog are also Tagalized forms of the corresponding Spanish. "Time" in Tagalog is panahon, or more commonly oras. Unlike Spanish and English, times in Tagalog are capitalized whenever they appear in a sentence.

*Pronouns such as niyo (2nd person plural) and nila (3rd person plural) are used on a single 2nd person in polite or formal language. See Tagalog grammar.

Ang hindî marunong lumingón sa pinánggalingan ay hindî makaráratíng sa paroroonan. (José Rizal)
One who knows not how to look back from whence he came, will never get to where he is going.

Unang kagat, tinapay pa rin. It means :"First bite, still bread." or "All fluff no substance."

Tao ka nang humarap, bilang tao kitang haharapin.
(A proverb in Southern Tagalog that made people aware the significance of sincerity in Tagalog communities. It says, "As a human you reach me, I treat you as a human and never act as a traitor.")

Hulí man daw (raw) at magalíng, nakáhahábol pa rin.
If one is behind but capable, one will still be able to catch up.

Magbirô ka na sa lasíng, huwág lang sa bagong gising.
Make fun of someone drunk, if you must, but never one who has just awakened.

Aanhín pa ang damó kung patáy na ang kabayo?
What use is the grass if the horse is already dead?

Ang sakít ng kalingkingan, ramdám ng buóng katawán.
The pain in the pinkie is felt by the whole body.
(In a group, if one goes down, the rest follow.)

Nasa hulí ang pagsisisi.
Regret is always in the end.

Pagkáhabà-habà man ng prusisyón, sa simbahan pa rin ang tulóy.
The procession may stretch on and on, but it still ends up at the church.
(In romance: refers to how certain people are destined to be married. In general: refers to how some things are inevitable, no matter how long you try to postpone it.)

Kung 'dî mádaán sa santóng dasalan, daanin sa santóng paspasan.
If it cannot be got through holy prayer, get it through blessed force.
(In romance and courting: santóng paspasan literally means 'holy speeding' and is a euphemism for sexual intercourse. It refers to the two styles of courting by Filipino boys: one is the traditional, protracted, restrained manner favored by older generations, which often featured serenades and manual labor for the girl's family; the other is upfront seduction, which may lead to a slap on the face or a pregnancy out of wedlock. The second conclusion is known as pikot or what Western cultures would call a ' shotgun marriage'. This proverb is also applied in terms of diplomacy and negotiation.)

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() ( Tagalog pronunciation: ) is an Austronesian language spoken as a first language by the ethnic Tagalog people, who make up a quarter of the population of the Philippines and as a second language by the majority. Its standardized form, officially named , is the national language of the Philippines, and is one of two official languages alongside English.

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Start simple conversational KOREAN today

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Start simple conversational KOREAN today

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Inspired by: Dr. Bob Boland (IU) and Dr Giles Boland (Harvard) and Dr. Shams Bathija (UNITA) and Dr. Catherine d'Arcangues (WHO) and Boston University and the Team. http://www.bu.edu/familymed/distance/cre/

Copyright: RGAB/2019/1. Free to all aid workers ...

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KOREAN // CRE LEARNING - Bob Boland - CRE LEARNING

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"Korean (South Korean: 한국어/韓國語 hangugeo; North Korean: 조선말/朝鮮말 chosŏnmal) is an East Asian language spoken by about 77 million people. It is the official and national language of both Koreas: North Korea and South Korea, with different standardized official forms used in each country.

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VIETNAMESE is a tonal language but why not try the CRE method to see if you can do it?

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VIETNAMESE is a tonal language but why not try the CRE method to see if you can do it?

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VIETNAMESE // CRE LEARNING - Bob Boland - CRE LEARNING

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“Vietnamese (Tiếng Việt, Chữ Nôm: 㗂越) is an Austroasiatic language that originated in Vietnam, where it is the national and official language. Vietnamese is spoken natively by an estimated 90 million people, several times as many as the rest of the Austroasiatic family combined.[5] It is the native…

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30 minute exercise to quick start your conversational ARABIC, try it today 

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30 minute exercise to quick start your conversational ARABIC, try it today 

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(( Arabic (اَلْعَرَبِيَّةُ , al-ʿarabiyyah [al ʕaraˈbijːa] listen ) or عَرَبِيّ , ʿarabīy [ˈʕarabiː] listen ) or [ʕaraˈbij]) is a Semitic language that first emerged in the 1st to 4th centuries CE.[3] It is now the lingua franca of the Arab world.[4] It is named after the Arabs, a term initially used to describe peoples living in the Arabian Peninsula bounded by eastern Egypt in the west, Mesopotamia in the east, and the Anti-Lebanon mountains and northern Syria in the north, as perceived by ancient Greek geographers.[5] The ISO assigns language codes to 32 varieties of Arabic, including its standard form, Modern Standard Arabic,[6] also referred to as Literary Arabic, which is modernized Classical Arabic. This distinction exists primarily among Western linguists; Arabic speakers themselves generally do not distinguish between Modern Standard Arabic and Classical Arabic, but rather refer to both as al-ʿarabiyyatu l-fuṣḥā (اَلعَرَبِيَّةُ ٱلْفُصْحَىٰ [7] "the eloquent Arabic") or simply al-fuṣḥā (اَلْفُصْحَىٰ ).

Arabic is widely taught in schools and universities around the world and is used to varying degrees in workplaces, governments and the media. Arabic, in its Modern Standard Arabic form, is an official language of 26 states and 1 disputed territory, the third most after English and French; it is also the liturgical language of the religion of Islam, since the Quran and the Hadiths were written in Classical Arabic.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic

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ARABIC // CRE LEARNING - Bob Boland - CRE LEARNING

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"Arabic (اَلْعَرَبِيَّةُ, al-ʿarabiyyah, [al ʕaraˈbijːa] (About this soundlisten) or عَرَبِيّ‎, ʿarabīy, [ˈʕarabiː] (About this soundlisten) or [ʕaraˈbij]) is a Semitic language that first emerged in the 1st to 4th centuries CE.[5] It is now the lingua franca of the Arab world." Wikipedia, 2020. More on https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic

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WE ARE LOOKING FOR COLLABORATORS TO COMPLETE A WORKING VERSION FOR LAO LANGUAGE

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WE ARE LOOKING FOR COLLABORATORS TO COMPLETE A WORKING VERSION FOR LAO LANGUAGE

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LAO // CRE LEARNING // COLLABORATORS WANTED TO IMPROVE CURRENT VERSION // SEE PDF - Bob Boland - CRE LEARNING

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Dynamic English-based brief language learning system developed with some UN staff. For staff members on short or long missions to developed and developing countries to feel more comfortable and effective in achieving better working relationships in English, with local government, refugees, client and project staff as they perceive the effort to speak the local language with a good accent, and thus to respect and value the local culture.

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Inspired by: Dr. Bob Boland (IU) and Dr Giles Boland (Harvard) and Dr. Shams Bathija (UNITA) and Dr. Catherine d'Arcangues (WHO) and Boston University and the Team. http://www.bu.edu/familymed/distance/cre/

Copyright: RGAB/2019/1. Free to all aid workers ...

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MANDARIN // CRE LEARNING - Bob Boland - CRE LEARNING

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Inspired by: Dr. Bob Boland (IU) and Dr Giles Boland (Harvard) and Dr. Shams Bathija (UNITA) and Dr. Catherine d'Arcangues (WHO) and Boston University and the Team. http://www.bu.edu/familymed/distance/cre/ Copyright: RGAB/2019/1. Free to all aid workers ...

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Start speaking CHICHEWA in just 30 minutes with the C.R.E. Learning approach 

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Start speaking CHICHEWA in just 30 minutes with the C.R.E. Learning approach 

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Inspired by: Dr. Bob Boland (IU) and Dr Giles Boland (Harvard) and Dr. Shams Bathija (UNITA) and Dr. Catherine d'Arcangues (WHO) and Boston University and the Team. http://www.bu.edu/familymed/distance/cre/

Copyright: RGAB/2019/1. Free to all aid workers ...

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CHICHEWA // CRE LEARNING - Bob Boland - CRE LEARNING

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"Chewa (also known as Nyanja, /ˈnjændʒə/) is a Bantu language spoken in much of Southern, Southeast and East Africa, namely the countries of Malawi and Zambia, where it is an official language, and Mozambique and Zimbabwe where it is a recognised minority language. " Wikipedia 2020, More on https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chewa_language

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Learn to swim in the MALAGASY language today

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Learn to swim in the MALAGASY language today

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MALAGASY // CRE LEARNING - Bob Boland - CRE LEARNING

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“Malagasy (/mæləˈɡæsi/;[3] Malagasy pronunciation: [ˌmalaˈɡasʲ]) is an Austronesian language and the national language of Madagascar. Most people in Madagascar speak it as a first language, as do some people of Malagasy descent elsewhere. ” Wikipedia, 2020. More at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mala…

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Start to converse in TSONGA with the CRE Method

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Start to converse in TSONGA with the CRE Method

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Tsonga () or (Tsonga: Xitsonga) as an endonym, is a Bantu language spoken by the Tsonga people of southern Africa. It is mutually intelligible with Tswa and Ronga and the name "Tsonga" is often used as a cover term for all three, also sometimes referred to as Tswa-Ronga. The Xitsonga language has been standardised for both academic and home use. Tsonga is an official language of South Africa, and under the name "Shangani" it is recognised as an official language in the Constitution of Zimbabwe. All Tswa-Ronga languages are recognised in Mozambique. It is not official in Eswatini (formerly Swaziland).

Inspired by: Dr. Bob Boland (IU) and Dr Giles Boland (Harvard) and Dr. Shams Bathija (UNITA) and Dr. Catherine d'Arcangues (WHO) and Boston University and the Team. http://www.bu.edu/familymed/distance/cre/

Copyright: RGAB/2019/1. Free to all aid workers ...

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TSONGA // CRE LEARNING - Bob Boland - CRE LEARNING

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"Tsonga (/ˈtsɒŋɡə, ˈtsɔː-/) or Xitsonga (Tsonga: Xitsonga), is a Bantu language spoken by the Tsonga people. It is mutually intelligible with Tswa and Ronga and the name "Tsonga" is often used as a cover term for all three, also sometimes referred to as Tswa-Ronga. ...

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Start learning TWI today, with the CRE method

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Start learning TWI today, with the CRE method

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TWI // CRE LEARNING - Bob Boland - CRE LEARNING

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Inspired by: Dr. Bob Boland (IU) and Dr Giles Boland (Harvard) and Dr. Shams Bathija (UNITA) and Dr. Catherine d'Arcangues (WHO) and Boston University and the Team. http://www.bu.edu/familymed/distance/cre/

Copyright: RGAB/2019/1. Free to all aid workers ...

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YORUBA // CRE LEARNING - Bob Boland - CRE LEARNING

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"Yoruba /ˈjɒrʊbə/[3] (Yor. Èdè Yorùbá) is a language spoken in West Africa and most prominently South western Nigeria. Spoken by the ethnic Yoruba people, The number of speakers of Yoruba is estimated at between 45 and 55 million.[4] As a pluricentric language, it is spoken in a wide dialectal area spanning Nigeria, Benin and Togo, with communities in Sierra Leone and Liberia as well as smaller pockets in other parts of West Africa."

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Dari (, Darī, ), or Dari Persian (, Fārsī-yi Darī), is a political term used for the various dialects of the Persian language spoken in Afghanistan. Dari is the term officially recognised and promoted since 1964 by the Afghan government for the Persian language, hence it is known as Afghan Persian or Eastern Persian in many Western sources. As Professor Nile Green remarks "the impulses behind renaming of Afghan Persian as Dari were more nationalistic than linguistic" in order to create an Afghan state narrative. Persian language in Afghanistan is generally called Farsi (فارسی) by the Persian-speaking ethnic groups and Parsi (پارسی) by ethnic Pashtuns. Apart from a few basics of vocabulary, there is little difference between formal written Persian of Afghanistan and Iran. The term "Dari" is officially used for the characteristic spoken Persian of Afghanistan, but is best restricted to formal spoken registers. Persian-speakers in Afghanistan contend that the term "Dari" has been forced on them by the dominant Pashtun ethnic group as an attempt to distance Afghanistan from its cultural, linguistic, and historical ties to the rest of the Persian-speaking world, which includes Iran, Tajikistan and parts of Uzbekistan such as Samarqand and Bukhara.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dari

As defined in the Constitution of Afghanistan, it is one of the two official languages of Afghanistan; the other is Pashto. Dari is the most widely spoken language in Afghanistan and the native language of approximately 40-45% of the population. Dari serves as the lingua franca of the country and is understood by up to 78% of the population.

Inspired by: Dr. Bob Boland (IU) and Dr Giles Boland (Harvard) and Dr. Shams Bathija (UNITA) and Dr. Catherine d'Arcangues (WHO) and Boston University and the Team. http://www.bu.edu/familymed/distance/cre/

Copyright: RGAB/2019/1. Free to all aid workers ...

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DARI // CRE LEARNING - Bob Boland - CRE LEARNING

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"Dari is a name given to the New Persian language since the 10th century, widely used in Arabic (compare Al-Estakhri, Al-Muqaddasi and Ibn Hawqal) and Persian texts.[22] Since 1964, it has been the official name in Afghanistan for the Persian spoken there.

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Start to speak MALAY in 30 minutes, impossible but try it here

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Start to speak MALAY in 30 minutes, impossible but try it here

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Inspired by: Dr. Bob Boland (IU) and Dr Giles Boland (Harvard) and Dr. Shams Bathija (UNITA) and Dr. Catherine d'Arcangues (WHO) and Boston University and the Team. http://www.bu.edu/familymed/distance/cre/

Copyright: RGAB/2019/1. Free to all aid workers ...

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MALAY // CRE LEARNING - Bob Boland - CRE LEARNING

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"Malay (/məˈleɪ/;[7] Malay: bahasa Melayu, بهاس ملايو‎) is an Austronesian language spoken in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore, as well as parts of Thailand.

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Going to ISRAEL? Start to speak HEBREW before you go!

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Going to ISRAEL? Start to speak HEBREW before you go!

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Inspired by: Dr. Bob Boland (IU) and Dr Giles Boland (Harvard) and Dr. Shams Bathija (UNITA) and Dr. Catherine d'Arcangues (WHO) and Boston University and the Team. http://www.bu.edu/familymed/distance/cre/

Copyright: RGAB/2019/1. Free to all aid workers ...

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HEBREW // CRE LEARNING - Bob Boland - CRE LEARNING

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Inspired by: Dr. Bob Boland (IU) and Dr Giles Boland (Harvard) and Dr. Shams Bathija (UNITA) and Dr. Catherine d'Arcangues (WHO) and Boston University and the Team. http://www.bu.edu/familymed/distance/cre/ Copyright: RGAB/2019/1. Free to all aid workers ...

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Inspired by: Dr. Bob Boland (IU) and Dr Giles Boland (Harvard) and Dr. Shams Bathija (UNITA) and Dr. Catherine d'Arcangues (WHO) and Boston University and the Team. http://www.bu.edu/familymed/distance/cre/

Copyright: RGAB/2019/1. Free to all aid workers ...

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FARSI // CRE LEARNING - Bob Boland - CRE LEARNING

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"Persian (/ˈpɜːrʒən, -ʃən/), also known by its endonym Farsi (فارسی, Fārsī, [fɒːɾˈsiː] (About this soundlisten)), is a Western Iranian language belonging to the Iranian branch of the Indo-Iranian subdivision of the Indo-European languages.

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Hindi ( Devanagari: , हिंदी, ISO: Hindī), or more precisely Modern Standard Hindi ( Devanagari: मानक हिन्दी , ISO: Mānak Hindī), is an Indo-Aryan language spoken chiefly in North India. Hindi has been described as a standardised and Sanskritised register of the Hindustani language, which itself is based primarily on the Khariboli dialect of Delhi and neighbouring areas of Northern India. Hindi, written in the Devanagari script, is one of the two official languages of the Government of India, along with English. It is an official language in 9 States and 3 Union Territories and an additional official language in 3 other States. Hindi is also one of the 22 scheduled languages of the Republic of India.

Hindi is the lingua franca of the Hindi belt and to a lesser extent other parts of India (usually in a simplified or pidginised variety such as Bazaar Hindustani or Haflong Hindi). Outside India, several other languages are recognised officially as "Hindi" but do not refer to the Standard Hindi language described here and instead descend from other dialects, such as Awadhi and Bhojpuri. Such languages include Fiji Hindi, which is official in Fiji, and Caribbean Hindustani, which is spoken in Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana, and Suriname. Apart from the script and formal vocabulary, standard Hindi is mutually intelligible with standard Urdu, another recognised register of Hindustani as both share a common colloquial base.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindi

Inspired by: Dr. Bob Boland (IU) and Dr Giles Boland (Harvard) and Dr. Shams Bathija (UNITA) and Dr. Catherine d'Arcangues (WHO) and Boston University and the Team. http://www.bu.edu/familymed/distance/cre/

Copyright: RGAB/2019/1. Free to all aid workers ...

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HINDI // CRE LEARNING - Bob Boland - CRE LEARNING

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"Hindi (Devanagari: हिन्दी, IAST/ISO 15919: Hindī), or more precisely Modern Standard Hindi (Devanagari: मानक हिन्दी, IAST/ISO 15919: Mānak Hindī),[7] is an Indo-Aryan language spoken chiefly in India... Hindi is the lingua franca of northern India (which contains the Hindi Belt), as well as an official language of the Government of India, along with English."

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Want to learn to speak KAZAKH? Start here today

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Want to learn to speak KAZAKH? Start here today

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Inspired by: Dr. Bob Boland (IU) and Dr Giles Boland (Harvard) and Dr. Shams Bathija (UNITA) and Dr. Catherine d'Arcangues (WHO) and Boston University and the Team. http://www.bu.edu/familymed/distance/cre/

Copyright: RGAB/2019/1. Free to all aid workers ...

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KAZAKH // CRE LEARNING - Bob Boland - CRE LEARNING

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"Kazakh, or Kazak (Latin: qazaqşa or qazaq tili, Cyrillic: қазақша or қазақ тілі, Arabic: قازاقشا‎ or قازاق تىلى‎, pronounced [qɑzɑqˈɕɑ], [qɑˈzɑq tɪˈlɪ]), is a Turkic language of the Kipchak branch spoken in Central Asia. It is closely related to Nogai, Kyrgyz and Karakalpak.

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Start conversing in SLOVAK in 30 minutes!

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Start conversing in SLOVAK in 30 minutes!

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Inspired by: Dr. Bob Boland (IU) and Dr Giles Boland (Harvard) and Dr. Shams Bathija (UNITA) and Dr. Catherine d'Arcangues (WHO) and Boston University and the Team. http://www.bu.edu/familymed/distance/cre/

Copyright: RGAB/2019/1. Free to all aid workers ...

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SLOVAK // CRE LEARNING - Bob Boland - CRE LEARNING

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This a short learning program to learn SLOVAK, a language spoken in SLOVAKIA. While other languages may be used in those areas, learning SLOVAK will provide you with the key to a rich culture. Why not start now?

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WE ARE LOOKING FOR TAJIK SPEAKERS TO COMPLETE A WORKING VERSION OF THE PROGRAM

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WE ARE LOOKING FOR TAJIK SPEAKERS TO COMPLETE A WORKING VERSION OF THE PROGRAM

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TAJIK // CRE LEARNING - Bob Boland - CRE LEARNING

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“Tajik or Tajiki, also called Tajiki Persian and Tadzhiki, is the variety of Persian spoken in Tajikistan and Uzbekistan by Tajiks. It is closely related to neighboring Dari Persian with which it forms a continuum of mutually intelligible varieties. Since the beginning of the twentieth century and i…

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Inspired by: Dr. Bob Boland (IU) and Dr Giles Boland (Harvard) and Dr. Shams Bathija (UNITA) and Dr. Catherine d'Arcangues (WHO) and Boston University and the Team. http://www.bu.edu/familymed/distance/cre/

Copyright: RGAB/2019/1. Free to all aid workers ...

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IRAQI ARABIC // CRE LEARNING - Bob Boland - CRE LEARNING

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Inspired by: Dr. Bob Boland (IU) and Dr Giles Boland (Harvard) and Dr. Shams Bathija (UNITA) and Dr. Catherine d'Arcangues (WHO) and Boston University and the Team. http://www.bu.edu/familymed/distance/cre/ Copyright: RGAB/2019/1. Free to all aid workers ...

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TAMIL // CRE LEARNING - Bob Boland - CRE LEARNING

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This a short learning program to learn TAMIL, a language spoken in Sri Lanka, and Southern India. While other languages may be used in those areas, learning TAMIL will provide you with the key to a rich culture. Why not start now?

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Going to HAITI? Prepare with this quick CREOLE primer!

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Going to HAITI? Prepare with this quick CREOLE primer!

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Inspired by: Dr. Bob Boland (IU) and Dr Giles Boland (Harvard) and Dr. Shams Bathija (UNITA) and Dr. Catherine d'Arcangues (WHO) and Boston University and the Team. http://www.bu.edu/familymed/distance/cre/

Copyright: RGAB/2019/1. Free to all aid workers ...

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CREOLE // CRE LEARNING - Bob Boland - CRE LEARNING

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"Haitian Creole (/ˈheɪʃən ˈkriːoʊl/; Haitian Creole: kreyòl ayisyen;[7][8] French: créole haïtien) commonly referred to as simply Creole, is a French-based creole language spoken by 10-12 million people worldwide, and is one of the two official languages of Haiti, where it is the native language of most of the population." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haitian_Creole

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Urdu has been described as a Persianised standard register of the Hindustani language. Urdu and Hindi share a common Sanskrit and Prakrit derived vocabulary base, phonology, syntax as well as grammar, making them mutually intelligible in colloquial speech. While formal Urdu draws literary, political and technical vocabulary from Persian, formal Hindi draws these from Sanskrit.Urdu is a mixture of Arabic, Irani, Turkish, Punjabi, Sindhi, Pashto, Bengali.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu

Inspired by: Dr. Bob Boland (IU) and Dr Giles Boland (Harvard) and Dr. Shams Bathija (UNITA) and Dr. Catherine d'Arcangues (WHO) and Boston University and the Team. http://www.bu.edu/familymed/distance/cre/

Copyright: RGAB/2019/1. Free to all aid workers ...

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URDU // CRE LEARNING - Bob Boland - CRE LEARNING

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"Urdu (/ˈʊərduː/;[11] Urdu: اُردُو‎, ALA-LC: Urdū, [ˈuːrdu] (About this soundlisten)) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken chiefly in South Asia.[12][13] It is the official national language and lingua franca of Pakistan.[14] In India, Urdu is an Eighth Schedule language whose status, function, and cultural heritage is recognized by the Constitution of India;[15][16] it has some form of official status in several Indian states."

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Inspired by: Dr. Bob Boland (IU) and Dr Giles Boland (Harvard) and Dr. Shams Bathija (UNITA) and Dr. Catherine d'Arcangues (WHO) and Boston University and the Team. http://www.bu.edu/familymed/distance/cre/

Copyright: RGAB/2019/1. Free to all aid workers ...

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UZBEK // CRE LEARNING - Bob Boland - CRE LEARNING

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"Uzbek is a Turkic language that is the first official and only declared national language of Uzbekistan. The language of Uzbeks, it is spoken by some 27 million native speakers in Uzbekistan and elsewhere in Central Asia (2015), making it the second-most widely spoken Turkic language after Turkish."

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" Amharic (/æmˈhærɪk/[5][6][7] or /ɑːmˈhɑːrɪk/;[8] (Amharic: አማርኛ), Amarəñña, IPA: [amarɨɲːa] (About this soundlisten)) is an Ethio-Semitic language, which is a subgrouping within the Semitic branch of the Afroasiatic languages. It is spoken as a first language by the Amharas and as a lingua franca by other populations residing in major cities and towns of Ethiopia. "
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amharic

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AMHARIC // CRE LEARNING - Bob Boland - CRE LEARNING

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" Amharic (/æmˈhærɪk/[5][6][7] or /ɑːmˈhɑːrɪk/;[8] (Amharic: አማርኛ), Amarəñña, IPA: [amarɨɲːa] (About this soundlisten)) is an Ethio-Semitic language, which is a subgrouping within the Semitic branch of the Afroasiatic languages. It is spoken as a first language by the Amharas and as a lingua franca by other populations residing in major cities and towns of Ethiopia.

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BURMESE // CRE LEARNING - Bob Boland - CRE LEARNING

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″ Burmese (Burmese: မြန်မာဘာသာ, MLCTS: mranmabhasa, IPA: [mjəmà bàðà]) is a Sino-Tibetan language spoken in Myanmar where it is an official language and the language of the Bamar people, the country’s principal ethnic group. Although the Constitution of Myanmar officially recognizes the English name…

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Going to HK? Start knowing CANTONESE today!!

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Going to HK? Start knowing CANTONESE today!!

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CANTONESE // CRE LEARNING - Bob Boland - CRE LEARNING

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JAPANESE // CRE LEARNING - Bob Boland - CRE LEARNING

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“Japanese (日本語, Nihongo [ɲ̟ihõŋɡo] (About this soundlisten)) is an East Asian language spoken by about 128 million people, primarily in Japan, where it is the national language.” Wikipedia, more on https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_language

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Going to SIERRA LEONE, prepare with rapid learning KRIO course!

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Going to SIERRA LEONE, prepare with rapid learning KRIO course!

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Inspired by: Dr. Bob Boland (IU) and Dr Giles Boland (Harvard) and Dr. Shams Bathija (UNITA) and Dr. Catherine d'Arcangues (WHO) and Boston University and the Team. http://www.bu.edu/familymed/distance/cre/

Copyright: RGAB/2019/1. Free to all aid workers ...

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KRIO // CRE LEARNING - Bob Boland - CRE LEARNING

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"Sierra Leonean Creole or Krio is an English-based creole language that is lingua franca and de facto national language spoken throughout the West African nation of Sierra Leone. Krio is spoken by 87% of Sierra Leone's population and unites the different ethnic groups in the country, especially in their trade and social interaction with each other.

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Inspired by: Dr. Bob Boland (IU) and Dr Giles Boland (Harvard) and Dr. Shams Bathija (UNITA) and Dr. Catherine d'Arcangues (WHO) and Boston University and the Team. http://www.bu.edu/familymed/distance/cre/

Copyright: RGAB/2019/1. Free to all aid workers ...

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MALTESE // CRE LEARNING - Bob Boland - CRE LEARNING

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This a short learning program to learn Maltese, a language spoken in Malta. While other languages may be used in those areas, learning Maltese will provide you with the key to a rich culture. Why not start now?

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RUSSIAN // CRE LEARNING - Bob Boland - CRE LEARNING

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Russian is the largest native language in Europe, and the most geographically widespread language in Eurasia.[27] It is the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages, with over 258 million total speakers worldwide.[28] Russian is the seventh-most spoken language in the world by number of native spe…

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Have your first conversation in POLISH today

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Have your first conversation in POLISH today

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Inspired by: Dr. Bob Boland (IU) and Dr Giles Boland (Harvard) and Dr. Shams Bathija (UNITA) and Dr. Catherine d'Arcangues (WHO) and Boston University and the Team. http://www.bu.edu/familymed/distance/cre/

Copyright: RGAB/2019/1. Free to all aid workers ...

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POLISH // CRE LEARNING - Bob Boland - CRE LEARNING

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"Polish (język polski, [ˈjɛ̃zɨk ˈpɔlskʲi] (About this soundlisten), polszczyzna, [pɔlˈʂt͡ʂɨzna] (About this soundlisten) or simply polski, [ˈpɔlskʲi] (About this soundlisten)) is a West Slavic language of the Lechitic group.[9] It is spoken primarily in Poland and serves as the native language of the Poles.

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ARMENIAN // CRE LEARNING - Bob Boland - CRE LEARNING

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"The Armenian language (classical: հայերէն; reformed: հայերեն [hɑjɛˈɾɛn] hayeren) is an Indo-European language that is the only language in the Armenian branch. It is the official language of Armenia as well as the de facto Republic of Artsakh. Historically being spoken throughout the Armenian Highlands, today, Armenian is widely spoken throughout the Armenian diaspora.

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ROUMANIAN // CRE LEARNING - Bob Boland - CRE LEARNING

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Welcome. Ca placere. Pot. I can Sint aici. I am here. Sinteti acolo You are there. Imi-placeti. I like you. Va place banii. You like the money. (El) Face asta. He does this. (Ea) Face asta. She does that. Vorbesc un pic Roman! I can speak a little Romanian!

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HUNGARIAN // CRE LEARNING - Bob Boland - CRE LEARNING

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Hungarian (magyar nyelv (help·info)) is a Uralic language spoken in Hungary and parts of several neighbouring countries. It is the official language of Hungary and one of the 24 official languages of the European Union.

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Inspired by: Dr. Bob Boland (IU) and Dr Giles Boland (Harvard) and Dr. Shams Bathija (UNITA) and Dr. Catherine d'Arcangues (WHO) and Boston University and the Team. http://www.bu.edu/familymed/distance/cre/

Copyright: RGAB/2019/1. Free to all aid workers ...

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GERMAN // CRE LEARNING - Bob Boland - CRE LEARNING

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German (Deutsch, pronounced [dɔʏtʃ] (listen))[nb 4] is a West Germanic language that is mainly spoken in Central Europe. It is the most widely spoken and official or co-official language in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, South Tyrol in Italy, the German-speaking Community of Belgium, and Liechtenstein.

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Inspired by: Dr. Bob Boland (IU) and Dr B. Ndaw and Dr, I, Coulibaly and Dr Giles Boland (Harvard) and Dr. Shams Bathija (UNITA) and Dr. Catherine d'Arcangues (WHO) and Boston University and the Team. http://www.bu.edu/familymed/distance/cre/

Copyright: RGAB/2019/1. Free to all aid workers ...

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SWEDISH // CRE LEARNING - Bob Boland - CRE LEARNING

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"Swedish (Swedish: [ˈsvɛ̂nːska] (About this soundlisten)) is spoken in Sweden mostly (as the sole official language) and Finland partly (where it has equal standing legally with Finnish) and has the most speakers of any North Germanic language (10 million natively).

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Inspired by: Dr. Bob Boland (IU) and Dr B. Ndaw and Dr, I, Coulibaly and Dr Giles Boland (Harvard) and Dr. Shams Bathija (UNITA) and Dr. Catherine d'Arcangues (WHO) and Boston University and the Team. http://www.bu.edu/familymed/distance/cre/

Copyright: RGAB/2019/1. Free to all aid workers ...

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ITALIAN // CRE LEARNING - Bob Boland - CRE LEARNING

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"Italian (italiano, [itaˈljaːno] (About this soundlisten) or lingua italiana, [ˈliŋɡwa itaˈljaːna]) is a Romance language of the Indo-European language family. Italian is, by most measures and together with Sardinian, the closest language to Latin, from which it descends via Vulgar Latin.[7] Italian is an official language in Italy, Switzerland (where it is the main language of Ticino and the Graubünden valleys of Calanca, Mesolcina, Bregaglia and val Poschiavo[note 1]), San Marino and Vatican City.

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EUROPEAN PORTUGUESE // CRE LEARNING - Bob Boland - CRE LEARNING

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2. HERE AND THERE: Eu estou aqui. I am here. Você está ali. You are there. Você está ali? Are you there? Sim, você está ali. Yes, you are there. Você está aqui? Are you here? Não, você não está aqui. No, you are not here. Isso (ele) esta aqui.

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Inspired by: Dr. Bob Boland (IU) and Dr B. Ndaw and Dr, I, Coulibaly and Dr Giles Boland (Harvard) and Dr. Shams Bathija (UNITA) and Dr. Catherine d'Arcangues (WHO) and Boston University and the Team. http://www.bu.edu/familymed/distance/cre/

Copyright: RGAB/2019/1. Free to all aid workers ...

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SPANISH // CRE LEARNING - Bob Boland - CRE LEARNING

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"Spanish (About this soundespañol (help·info)) or Castilian[b] (/kæˈstɪliən/ (About this soundlisten), About this soundcastellano (help·info)) is a Romance language that originated in the Iberian Peninsula of Europe and today is a global language with nearly 500 million native speakers, mainly in Spain and the Americas. " https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_language

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Inspired by: Dr. Bob Boland (IU) and Dr Giles Boland (Harvard) and Dr. Shams Bathija (UNITA) and Dr. Catherine d'Arcangues (WHO) and Boston University and the Team. http://www.bu.edu/familymed/distance/cre/

Copyright: RGAB/2019/1. Free to all aid workers ...

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CATALAN // CRE LEARNING - Bob Boland - CRE LEARNING

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2. HERE AND THERE: Jo (I) soc aquí (here). I am here. Vosaltres sou allà (there). You are there. Sou allà vosaltres (you)? Are you there? Si (yes), vosaltres sou allà. Yes, you are there. Sou aquí vosaltres (here)? Are you here? No, vosaltres no sou aquí. No, you are not here.

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PORTUGUESE // CRE LEARNING - Bob Boland - CRE LEARNING

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"Portuguese (português or, in full, língua portuguesa) is a Western Romance language originating in the Iberian Peninsula of Europe. It is the sole official language of Portugal, Brazil, Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique, Angola and São Tomé and Príncipe.[7] It also has co-official language status in East Timor, Equatorial Guinea and Macau."

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"A major world language, French is an official language in 29 countries across multiple continents,[5] most of which are members of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie (OIF), the community of 84 countries which share the official use or teaching of French. French is also one of six official languages used in the United Nations." Widipedia, 2020

more on https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_language

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FRENCH // CRE LEARNING - Bob Boland - CRE LEARNING

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"A major world language, French is an official language in 29 countries across multiple continents,[5] most of which are members of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie (OIF), the community of 84 countries which share the official use or teaching of French. French is also one of six official languages used in the United Nations."