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The flexor digitorum profundus is a muscle that is located in the anterior compartment of the forearm. This muscle is responsible for flexion of the wrist, metacarpophalangeal joints and interphalangeal joints. Essential, this muscle helps to flex the wrist and the distal aspect of the fingers.

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An avulsion fracture occurs when a small chunk of bone attached to a tendon or ligament gets pulled away from the main part of the bone.

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Flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) avulsions are also commonly known as a "jersey finger" due to their mechanism of injury. In this mechanism, the ring finger is most commonly injured and it involves a forced extension of the distal interphalangeal joint (DIP) against a flexed FDP. This results in an excessive eccentric load of the tendon which ultimately causes the tendon to avulse. The most common mechanism for this injury is pulling a jersey.

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Upon examination, athletes with this injury will present with an inability to flex the affected finger, more specifically, the DIP joint.

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Once functional motion of the affected finger has been regained, athletes can return to their respective fields of play. However, it is important to note that this timeline can differ significantly depending on the sport in question, as some sports will have more inherent demands of fingers in general (i.e. Volleyball, Baseball etc.).

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FDP avulsions can retract into the palm and require surgical intervention within a week of the initial injury due to the associated disruptions in blood supply of the affected finger.  Tendon ruptures with a bony fragment are less urgent, but should still be repaired to ensure adequate healing.

After surgical intervention, several weeks of immobilization with the finger in slight flexion, followed by therapy is indicated in order to regain functional motion of the affected finger.

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Caine DJ, Purcell LK, SpringerLink. Injury in pediatric and adolescent sports : epidemiology, treatment and prevention. 1st 2016. ed. Contemporary pediatric and adolescent sports medicine. Springer; 2016.