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"The intent of the mandate, of course, is to provide instruction that is based on the best evidence of a positive impact on students' reading achievement" (pg 3).

I like this sentence because in a way, it ties the entire article together. As stated previously in my phrase, "one-size-fits-all" does not work in teaching, especially not learning to read. All children learn differently, have different language backgrounds, and their developments can be all over the place. The things that will be the same in reading is the elements of phonemes, phonics, reading fluency, vocabulary, and comprehension. It was stated in the article that children were decreasing at their reading level and it was because educators were not taking the proper steps in covering these five elements. Reading is a challenge, complex, and a whirlwind of emotions, but in order for students to know how to read, they need to know the sounds letters make, notice familiar words for it to become easier, and so forth. I love how the article brought everything together, and it was an interesting read for myself as well!

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"complex"

Reading is complex and teaching reading is complex, but when it's successful, it makes the victory that much sweeter for teacher and child.

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Vocabulary
*it's important to know the meaning of words and to be able to continually add to our growing knowledge of words.

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" Appropriately, instruction needs to be aimed at helping students develop proficiency in learning to decode words using multiple strategies."
This sentence is very important to me because every student learns differently. As some students may be able to read fluently and understand everything they just read there are still students that have no clue what they just read. They need to have a variety of ways to break down what they just read to get a understanding. This statement reminds me of the 5 aspects of language development basically a step by step of learning language. We start with learning speech sounds and forming words(phonetic). We then learn that words have meanings and can have multiple meanings (semantic). Once we understand the meaning of words we can then use those words to form sentences and sentence structures (syntactic). Then once we can form those sentences we can focus on the structure of the words by adding prefix and suffix, and plural and tenses (morphemic).After we have learned all the structures we are able to work on staying on topic(pragmatic). These 5 Aspects are the strategies that can help develop proficiency in learning to decode words .

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" Teaching reading in not rocket science."
This quote really stuck out to me the most because teaching can be anything but easy. Sometimes it can actually be just like rocket science. You can't just give a child a book and say read they may be able to sound out the words and tell you what it says but without the foundations they have no clue what they just told you. Every child is different and learns different ways. What might work for one child might not for another and it comes down to a science of understanding each child in your class and using what you know and have observed to make appropriate alteration to the lesson for that child to be able to understand.

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"Accomplishments"
Accomplishments is something important when it pertains to learning development. When a student reaches an accomplishment in their reading education both the teacher and the student will feel success.

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"One size fits all approach"
I have heard this phrase quite often. The article explains why this is not the best way to approach education. Each child does not fit into the same category when it pertains learning. From my experience with my own children they each learn differently. Children can have the same outcome ultimately but do not have to learn in the same way.

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"The fact of the matter is that many children failed to learn to read up to expectations using pre packaged programs"
This sentence stood out to me. I believe what it was saying goes hand and hand with the "One size fits all Approach" Children will not always learn the way you set them up to. Using a specific way to teach reading will not work for all the children. While it could work for some the article states that many children did not accomplish reading expectations from these specific programs.

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Expectations:
There will always be a minimum requirement to what we want the children to learn or understand. Having a clear expectation that the child and teacher can work on with one another will set a baseline for success. Every child learns at their own pace and in their own way, but we all need goals to strive for.

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"The complexity of teaching reading can be, quite simply, overwhelming".

To teach, in general, takes skill, practice, and time. To teach reading is not an easy task when their are guidelines that have to be met. Many teachers have resorted to prepackaged reading programs. These programs are not a "one size fits all approach". Children need individual adjustments to the curriculum for better understanding. In a classroom of 20 plus children, individualizing the curriculum can be challenging. The children can be on different levels. The teacher has to plan ahead to help each child understand the material. I can only empathize with the task on hand. With time comes experience, that I hope one day I will accomplish.

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"One-size-fits all approach"

I like that this goes on to state it was not very successful because there is no such thing as a one-size-fits-all in teaching. Every student has what works for them in learning, and I think a job as a teacher is to discover those things & help the student apply it.

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"Similarly, teaching a child to read is one of the greatest accomplishments a teacher can ever hope for."
This sentence is important to me because I love to read and I hope to enhance that in children in my classroom. I want to be able to teach them to read and to love reading.

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"Teaching reading is not rocket science"
This puts pressure on teachers. This phrase makes it seem that teaching a child to read is easy and anyone can do it. But, in fact, it is quite overwhelming and can be difficult to do. This phrase underestimates teachers and puts them in a position to feel not needed, because "teaching reading is easy."
I like the prepackaged reading programs to give structure and direction in teaching a child to read. It allows the child to read at their own pace and advance to a new level at their own pace. It will never stress a teacher or child to be better than others and they can work at their own level of reading.

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Development:
Allows for investment in teachers, through professional development activities, therefore, improving student reading achievement.

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"Failed to learn"
When prepackaged programs are being utilized in a classroom, the students are missing out on their individual needs. When a child is not given the opportunity to learn in a way that they need, then the child will be set up for failure. It is the teacher's responsibility to individualize or manipulate the way a lesson is to be taught so that each child has the ability to reach their fullest potential.

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Fluency

Being fluent when reading text is crucial. You do not need to know everything about every word. But do your homework. Help teach children about new words and be knowledgeable on how to properly pronounce the words. Also it is important to be fluent in reading books from all kinds of backgrounds to keep everyone educated.

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"Sensitive to the culture of the classroom"

I have been educated deeply on why it is crucial to keep every ones backgrounds in the back of your mind at all times. Make sure that what you are saying and reading to your classroom, you are being culturally sensitive. You can do this by asking questions to the parents and child to learn about them on a deeper level. This is crucial to start an hold a meaningful partnership/ relationship. This also creates a safe environment and a healthy learning environment. Teach others about opposing views and differences in cultures, but always do it in a educational and sensitive way.

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" The reading process involves elements of a persons' psychological, linguistic, cognitive, emotional, and social world." p.4

I think this sentence puts into perspective how crucial it is to teach and always expand your knowledge by reading. Teaching reading at a young age is so beneficial to helping the children learn in many different aspects. They can learn more about the outside world and different communities. They can be educated on how to eat healthily and how to be sociable. Of course, reading helps children expand their vocabulary and speaking skills as well. Overall, reading is so beneficial to learn and expand your knowledge. At any age, you can learn from books. Therefore, I would suggest challenging yourself to read as much as you can.

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"Instruction aimed at expanding students' repertoire of word meanings and deepening their understanding of already known words is essential to reading success." (pg. 4).

I like the structure and the expression of this sentence as it has resonated with me in regards to the importance of building effective vocabulary as a motivating factor for a successful reading experience. The more students deepen and diversify their knowledge of words and their meanings, the more they will enjoy reading and pursue versatile topics to read both in and out of their classroom requirements. Reading can be a great hobby and a habit for learners to grow in knowledge, thoughts, and understanding.

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"They ask questions, make predictions, and create mental images while they read." (pg.4)

I particularly like this phrase because it summarizes the great value and benefit of reading. I believe this is what distinguishes reading a book compared to watching something on TV. Because reading gives the reader additional opportunity and flexibility to create his/her own unique mental images or the topic that he/she is reading. The reader in the inventor and author of these images can change them as they wish. This has the additional benefit of stimulating readers' intellectual growth through constructive imagination. Unlike the viewer of a TV documentary, the reader is not confined or limited to what they see only. Rather, the reader enjoys the additional advantage of creating their own scenarios.

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Orchestrate

When teachers orchestrate their classroom they have each student in mind. Teachers orchestrate each activity to make sure that the students all understand the lesson being taught. This is not always easy because sometimes teachers have to go back and reteach the activity.

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"direct and systematic teaching of phonemic awareness, phonics, reading fluency, vocabulary, and comprehension."

Teaching these skills can be quite difficult because a teacher would have to make sure that the student is not just calling words. The teacher have to make sure that child is understand what they are reading by asking questions throughout the reading. Being a fluent reading is also just as important because the child does not stop have to decode the word they will read with a certain speed and accuracy. These are all important methods in teaching a child how to read.

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Good readers also actively engage in constructing meaning, beyond individual words, from what they read.

Helping a child or anyone to read is very important and essential to their well being. Teachers and parents can do this by singing songs, word cards, engage them in word games at home and school. Ask parents to read to the child daily because this will help them develop their vocabulary, and comprehension skills. Teachers can teach phonemic skills, and have the child to tell you a story just to show their levels of understanding from previous stories that were told in class.

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Process

Learning any new thing is a whole process. No matter what you are learning. But the key is you need to keep trying. Do not give up. As I read in this article that teaching reading is an overwhelming process. No one can achieve mastery in a short time. It wants dedication and determination to learn anything. Teaching and learning reading is a procedure that has steps.

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“Teaching reading is not rocket science." (pg-1)

This phrase might be true for those who can read and write with so many ideas. But I do not agree with this because reading is very vast. Reading is not just reading in fact reading with meaning is something which a teacher should teach her students. Teaching itself is not easy. Teaching reading without awareness of their rules is meaningless. Teaching reading is a whole process in which a teacher is making students skilled in many ways. The hardest job that usually reading teachers do is to develop an interest in reading in any student.

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“Good readers also actively engage in constructing meaning, beyond individual words from what they read. Pg-4”

I never understand the meaning of this sentence if I would be in my country. I agree I could read very well but I was not good in grasp the knowledge. I agree understanding any text needs time and more reading means more understanding. Vocabulary is also an important aspect of it. I always learn practice means progressing. It happens sometimes you do not understand the meaning at the first time but when you keep reading eventually you get it.

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Phonemic Awareness
I like this word because this concept is fundamental in the process of learning any language. Learners should begin by identifying the sounds of each letter, combined letters, and words in order to pronounce the word correctly and understand its meaning. Children who fail in differentiating among sounds of letters or words have difficulties in decoding those words and comprehending them. Teaching phonemic awareness through effective strategies should be a priority in teaching language to preschoolers.

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Success
The article highlights what is needed for a student to be successful in learning to read and the strategies a teacher needs to teach a child to read successfully.

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Reading is the foundation
The phrase highlights the importance of this article and what's at stake. Reading is the basis for a student's future academic and life success. Learning to read is a child's most significant accomplishment in early childhood and the springboard in becoming lifelong learners.

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Essentially, the panel found that the existing scientific research points to five particular areas of reading that have the greatest promise for academic achievement: phonemic awareness, phonics and word decoding, reading fluency, vocabulary, and reading comprehension.
The sentence is the backbone of the article and how to ensure student literacy. Research has shown that all five elements are critical and must be incorporated in a reading program to be effective. Programs and teachers must embed these elements in their practice for successful reading achievement.

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*Investment (page 2)

This word jumped out to me while reading the article. As a teacher, you are invested in teaching and helping your students to the best ability. You invest your time and sometimes your money to make sure your students are learning and comprehending what is being taught. As a future teacher, I am hoping my investment in and out of the classroom will pay off at the end.

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"One-size-fits all" (page 2)

I feel this phrase is not that accurate. Every student does not learn the same way. Students learn at different rates and in different ways. There can be students who learn by visually looking at the material or there are students who learn by just listening. Then there are other students who learn by being involved (such as crafts, plays, etc.) while learning the material. I found that working with students, the teacher and staff need to adjust their materials for each student. The teacher I work with will present the material one way and then the next day, she will present it another way for the students who did not comprehend it the first time.

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"Reading is the foundation for success in all other school subjects" (page 1)

I feel that is reading is the foundation for success not just in school but in their daily lives. You need to know how to read your books in school, read menus at restaurants, and read streets signs. Reading is an every day thing. By learning to read, you are opening your eyes to a new level of vocabulary and understanding of what is being taught. As a teacher, introducing vocabulary around the room and making reading fun can help with the student's willingness to learn how to read.

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"20% of young children in the US do not have sufficient phonemic awareness to profit fully from phonics instruction." page 3

This sentence stood out to me as it is obvious there is room for improvement. After taking my linguistics development class last semester, I came to understand how important it is for children to start learning to read by learning the phonemes of the letters of the alphabet. As teachers, it is important that we understand that not all children learn the same level and that we need to find creative ways to teach children at their learning levels and begin with the basics. In my preschool class, I work in small groups with the children, mixing them up, and we hold our index finger to our mouths and pronounce the letter sounds so the children become aware of which letter sounds they feel their breath on their finger and which ones they do not. To these little one's it's a game in which they are learning.

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Phonemic Awareness (phonemes): page 3 This word is important as it is the primary building block in which reading skills develop. If children do not have phonemic awareness then they cannot properly retain the meaning of what they have read; nor can they build on their reading fluency as they will get hung up on words which also limits their reading comprehension skills.

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Reading fluency...is critical to good reading comprehension and needs to be a part of any effective reading curriculum. page 3.
This phrase stuck out to me because I can remember when I was in school this is where I struggled with reading. I had horrible reading fluency skills which limited my reading comprehension. I would get hung up on words and become frustrated and would make myself reread my assigned reading until I was able to understand and retain what I read. I also broke sentences down into parts to help make sense of the whole sentence. Reading fluency is something that I have been able to tackle and where I used to dislike reading because it was a constant struggle; I now have a love and look forward to reading.

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"Reading is critical to a person's own intellectual development, later economic success, and the pleasure that is to be found in life"

Reading is a foundational skill that needs to be taught and learned for the best outcome in life. Learning how to read can open up so many opportunities for children. It gives us the freedom to participate in the world around us. There is language all around us that we are constantly processing. Reading is needed to learn other subjects like math, science, and technology. When children fall behind, they need extra time and help to catch up with their peers. I like this sentence the most because because it made me think about how reading is everywhere and how important this skill is in our lives.

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Strategies

I chose this word because it's important to remember to use different strategies when teaching students. Teachers need to have multiple strategies when teaching students because every student learns differently. One method might be useful to one student, but completely useless to others. One way of teaching reading has been shown that it doesn't work. Also, it is important for students to be taught different strategies to solve their problems. Instead of getting stuck on a problem students can try other other methods of problem solving.

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Early Reading Development

Reading development starts when children are in preschool. The article mentions that phonemic awareness is important for early reading development. Being exposed to language when children are young helps them understand the importance of the language around them. Without this exposure children will have trouble understanding the five elements of effective reading.

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Evidence-based
I chose this word because I think that it is important for higher stake decision makers to be able to defend their theories and findings in education. As a teacher, I like to know that other educators were involved in the research process and the findings seek our students' best interest in learning. If I am to teach a new reading curriculum, I like to know if it is effective, what the goals are and what skills my students will be learning. With that said, the NRP found that there are five important skills students need to become successful readers. While there is more to it. I can agree that these skills are extremely important.

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"Readers employ their background knowledge"

This phrase is important because understanding what our students do know is key. When readers are able to make connections to the reading from their personal experiences, it creates more meaning. They can then paint that mental image. I am happy to see that the NRP understood the importance of this because I do feel that in todays' classroom we are tapping into that child's background knowledge to help them build new knowledge such as new vocabulary.

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"Similarly, teaching a child to read is one of the greatest accomplishments a teacher can ever hope for"

I was undecided between this sentence or the very first sentence in the article. Learning to read is a huge accomplishment. As teachers we are main contributors to that. This is why I chose this sentence. With the right tools, resources and strategies, it is up to us; our own teaching style to help our students become readers. But, as mentioned in the article, it is not a one size fits all.

As we get to know our students and their needs, we need to be able to use a variety of strategies and differentiate instruction to meet our students where they are at. While keeping in mind the five important elements of reading, we also need to create a culturally relevant learning environment. This means providing rich literature that students can connect with, plenty of visuals, and building on their background knowledge to make reading meaningful.

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Accomplishment

As someone who struggled with reading from a young age, I do agree with this Author when they say learning to read is an accomplishment. Not only for the child but also for the teacher who taught the child to read. All children and teachers should be proud and feel accomplished when meeting this accomplishment.

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"Teaching reading is not rocket science."

I think this phrase is unfair. What may be rocket science to some people, may be simple to others. Everyone is different and what they struggle with and what they comprehend. Some subjects may be harder for other students. This also makes teachers feel pressured while teaching to read. For me growing up I always struggled with reading, where in other subjects I felt like I thrived more. So for me reading was rocket science, versus some of my classmates.

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"Learning to read perhaps is a young child greatest school accomplishment."

When children learn to read, it is a great accomplishment for them. This will help them succeed another school subjects. They also will feel proud of themselves since learning to read is a process. Reading is also something that they will do in their personal lives as they grow up, which is why it is such a big accomplishment.

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"Of course, reading is the foundation for success in all other school subjects."

Reading is absolutely crucial to a child's education. The lack of the ability for a student to read, it becomes a bigger and more present issue as they move onto the next grade level. That student is more likely to struggle with other subjects, such as not understanding a math reading problem.

I have seen students just stare at a question and just sit there because they cannot read. Reading is such an important skill that is always going to be needed from the moment students come into a classroom to the moment they pack up and go home.

Even though the sentence I have selected says "Of course", I do not think most adults truly understand the negative impact children experience if a child's reading level is not where it should be. It should be known, but unfortunately that is not always the case.

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"The reading process involves elements of a person"

Working in a classroom, I learned pretty quickly that teaching children how to read is harder than I thought. For example, I may process and see a particular word differently than a child does because I can read, have more experience reading, more exposure to that word, and have been using that word for years. Of course, I think it is easy, but to a child who is learning that same word for the first time possibly, it may be completely foreign to them.

The article states elements of a person's psychological, physical, linguistic, cognitive, emotional. and social world. I agree with these elements. All of those elements play a significant role in the reading process.

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Ability

Although students bloom at different times for different skills, they all have the ability to achieve it. That word ability is very powerful in my opinion because a student's abilities, including my own, can become stronger. I hope to one day to have the ability to help children read at whatever level they are at and give them the ability to be stronger readers and stronger students.

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"An inability to deal with language sounds in this way will set the stage for difficulty in phonics and word decoding."

This sentence really made me reflect on the different circumstances of a students background. It made me think about students that have individualized plans in speech. They already need support in skills related to this. It made me question about what we do as educators to help them achieve their goals set in their plans, goals their families might seek for them, and their own feelings of accomplishments or struggles.

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Fluency (page 3)
This word stood out for me on a personal level. It made me think about being bilingual and growing up with English as a second language. What is fluency really? I constantly say I am fluent in both English and Spanish, but how fluent am I? Fluency in reading especially is important. I am very interested in talking about this more and finding out more about myself to help my own students, and help their goals be achieved.

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"...the enormity of the task of teaching children to read."

With teaching children to learn comes many other skills that come before it. From birth children are learning the basic skills that will later develop into greater skills. One of the things that I was thinking about while reading this article was pictures used in early years and bold or italics texts in books. They learn to use these as clues into what they are reading. There is so much more that goes into teaching them to develop the skills and later use them.

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Individuality pg. 1

Being purposeful and teaching children's strengths is most important when teaching how to read. Not every child learns in the same way and we as teachers need to teach to children's individual needs. We should be purposeful in how we teach and create our materials and structure around the individual cultures in our classroom.

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Increasing reading achievement pg. 2

There are five areas that increase reading achievement; phonemic awareness, phonics and word decoding, reading fluency, vocabulary, and reading comprehension. This is important because originally reading was taught with prepackaged reading programs. The NRP was then able to find the promise for increasing reading achievement.

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"Good readers also actively engage in constructing meaning, beyond individual words, from what they read". pg. 4

This means that good readers are able to use their background knowledge for topics they come across while reading, ask questions, make predictions, and create images in their heads while reading. This is important while reading so that individuals are able to fully understand and comprehend what they have read. Making connections and predictions helps tell teachers that the student is fully understanding how to read. These strategies are what must be taught and introduced to students.

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accomplishment

Reading is a major accomplishment for all learners. Success in in reading aides in learning across all subject matter. A student feels pride when they have the ability to read.

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"An inability to deal with language sounds in this way will set the stage for difficulty in phonics and word decoding."

Being an advocate for children, I believe that language is a major foundation for reading. Witnessing the effects of language delays on a child's learning and wellbeing, I hope to support children's language development starting as early as possible. Educators, parents, aunts, uncles, grandparents, etc. are all models and teachers of language. We must collaborate as a community and aid children in language skills- in English and other languages.

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“Phonemic awareness is crucial”

Phonemic awareness allows the reader to hear individual sounds in a word. This ability is important when using phonics to sound out words. Having phonemic awareness allows the student to rhyme, or count syllables in words.

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”The complexity of teaching reading can be, quite simply, overwhelming.”

Teaching students to read is an important job. All readers may learn at different paces and in different ways. It takes patience and knowledge to teach reading. Teachers must be able to recognize the needs of their students and determine the best methods to promote reading. This may include smaller group instructions and different levels of reading materials. It is not a one size fits all situation.

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Accomplishment-
When a student struggles when reading but with practice and using decoding and other teaching methods on how to read is a major accomplishment to the student and the teacher. The hard work makes the student and teacher feel proud of an accomplishment . Reading is not an easy subject to teach especially if students has different learning styles. So when a student learnings how to read its a major accomplishment.

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One size fits all
I kind of disagree with this phrase because every child has a learning style. Some children can be visual or hands on. All children have different education needs. As teachers we need to modify lesson and activities to meet each child needs. Some children needs to be more challenged and some need an easy modification to understand the activity.

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"Similarly, teaching a child to read is one of the greatest accomplishment a teacher can ever hope for."

This sentence is really important because as a teacher when a child is able to recognize  a word or a letter its a major accomplishment as teacher. I recently had a parent reach out to me thanking me for helping their child how to read. The mom wanted me to work her child in Spanish  last on remote and I worked with letter recognition and sounds and then on to syllabus and during parent . This year on  parent/ teacher conference the teacher told the parent that their child is on level D, and she was above. As a teacher this was a huge accomlishment  for me because when parent is reaching out  thank you for your their child skills makes ever hard work into worth it.

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"Mastery"

Children are so capable when given the necessary support and experiences to become masters of their learning and skills. I am in awe of how curious and aware children are of even the smallest details of their day, a book, an interaction, etc. When people comment on how a child is lacking in an area, I am reminded of the child's development as a whole and how can I scaffold that child's learning to bring about mastery in more skills.

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"Better than a thousand days of diligent study is one day spent with a great teacher."  -Japanese Proverb

I read this quote and it embodies so much of how I felt growing up and learning. While educators are not perfect and we may not get it right all the time, if we are teachable ourselves, I think that makes for a great teacher. As a lover of reading, I hope to ignite that passion and model for my students and even nieces and nephews .

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"Phonics"

I chose this word because letter-sound knowledge is important when building up reading abilities. It also helps beginning readers understand how letters are linked to sounds to also form spelling patterns, which helps them while they are reading.

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"Not only must readers be able to decode or sound out words, but also they must know what these words mean."

I liked this sentence because there is more to just knowing the word they must know the meaning behind it. If they do not understand the word they are not comprehending the sentence, which will affect their reading skills.

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"The fact of the matter is that many children failed to learn to read up to expectations using prepackaged programs." (pg.2)

This phrase speaks volumes on how the entire class cannot or will not always have the same method used for each child. Every child is unique and may not learn at the same pace as others and may need additional help. If extra attention is not given then the child will have difficulty to be successful in improving their reading abilities.