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The idea of kindergarten was first introduced by German educator Friedrich Froebel in 1837 Germany. Froebel and his concepts would be influential to future educators in American culture, such as Margarethe Schurz who open the nation’s first kindergarten in 1856 Wisconsin. The kindergarten served children of her fellow German immigrants and classes were taught in the German language until forced to close due to World War I.

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1926 The National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC) was founded: 

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1926 The National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC) was founded: 

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Originally the National Association for nursery Education (NANE) was created by educators and professional researchers who determined the fundamental need for quality nursery schools meeting “educational standards” for young preschool aged children. Together these educational experts created educational standards which were published in “Minimum Essentials for Nursery Education”.

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Due to racial segregation in 1951, Oliver Brown's (a black resident of Topeka, Kansas) daughter was refused enrollment into their local public school. She was required to ride a bus and attend a “black elementary school” further away from home. Deeming this an infringement upon their Constitutional rights, Oliver Brown alongside neighboring black families filed a class action lawsuit against the Topeka Board of Education. Lower courts of Topeka deemed black schools equal to white schools, and the U.S. District Court of Kansas agreed this “equality" proved racial segregation not to be a violation of the 14th Amendment's Equal Protection Clause. The case was then appealed with the Supreme Court, who declared the “separate but equal" doctrine to indeed be unconstitutional and started the path for integration within American public schools and other educational facilities. Notably a remarkable victory for the Civil Rights Movement and future cases seeking equality for the disenfranchised population.

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1965 Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA): 

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1965 Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA): 

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Seeking to revise federal education policy, newly elected President Johnson signed and turned this bill into law.  By providing federal funding for primary and secondary schools in underprivileged neighborhoods the goal was to provide “quality and equality" for all students. Envisioned to bridge the educational success gap between children living in higher income homes and children living in poverty, this federal aide would finance various programs, materials and overall resources. Since 1965, ESEA has continued to be revised, amended and renamed (as late as 2015).

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President Johnson declares War on Poverty and the Federal Government begins to create what would be known as Project Head Start. This would be the government’s attempt to “break the cycle of poverty” by providing preschool (in the form of a comprehensive program) to children ages 3 to school entry age living in low-income communities. The goal of the early education provided by Head Start, was to provide “school readiness” for young children in disadvantaged communities.    Besides an education, preschool aged children were going to also be receiving meals, opportunities for socialization, and having their emotional and/or psychological needs met. Head Start programs have continued to grow and may be found Nationwide and is serving nearly 1 million young children.

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1975 The Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EAHCA): 

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1975 The Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EAHCA): 

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Enacted in 1975, this act ensured children with disabilities would be accepted and provided at least one meal per day by federally funded public schools. Public schools were also required to properly evaluate a child and their disability to better create a personalized educational plan (alongside parent).

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https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/schurz-margarethe-meyer

https://www.decal.ga.gov/HeadStart/History.aspx#:~:text=Project%20Head%20Start%2C%20launched%20as,%2C%20nutritional%2C%20and%20psychological%20needs.

https://www.acf.hhs.gov/ohs/about/head-start

https://www.naeyc.org/sites/default/files/globally-shared/downloads/PDFs/resources/position-statements/position_statement.pdf