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Swiss Topo Sheet 1277
1:25000

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Get access to files anywhere through secure cloud storage and file backup for your photos, videos, files and more with Google Drive.

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It should be organised per graph (below the graph or alongside or 10 word text-boxes)
Identify trends and patterns
Identify (& attempt to explain) anomalies
Link back to theory (does the data fit?)
Directly answer hypothesis and research question
Links between data sets (how does the soil compactness link to the larch heights for instance?)

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A community dominated by one or two species is considered to be less diverse than one in which several different species have a similar abundance.

Simpson's Diversity Index is a measure of diversity which takes into account the number of species present, as well as the relative abundance of each species. As species richness and evenness increase, so diversity increases.

n = the total number of organisms of a particular species

N = the total number of organisms of all species

The value of D ranges between 0 and 1. With this index, 1 represents infinite diversity and 0, no diversity.

To calculate Simpson's Index for Muntanyans, two areas (natural vegetation and disturbed vegetation) must be sampled using quadrats placed randomly or systematically. The number of plant species within each quadrat, as well as the number of individuals of each species should be noted. There is no necessity to be able to identify all the species, provided they can be distinguished from each other.

As an example, let us work out the value of D for a single quadrat sample of ground vegetation in the Muntanyans dunes. Of course, sampling only one quadrat would not give you a reliable estimate of the diversity of the dune flora. Several samples would have to be taken and the data pooled to give a better estimate of overall diversity. The method used to optimise the sampling is the Optimum Quadrat Size technique.

Species

Number (n)

n(n-1)

Total
15

64

N = 15 n(n-1) = 64

Putting the figures into the formula for Simpson's Index:

Simpson's Index of Diversity = 0.7

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A community dominated by one or two species is considered to be less diverse than one in which several different species have a similar abundance. Simpson's Diversity Index is a measure of diversity which takes into account the number of species present, as well as the relative abundance of each species.

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Sheet 269, 1:50,000. Swiss Topo, 1955

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Distance between sites as a timeline (alongside a source of secondary data to show the warming)
Located mini pie charts on a map (% soil or Species Diversity or loss on ignition)
ArcGIS graph (Species Diversity or Height of Larch)
Pie charts & radar graph (survey results)
Simpson's diversity index - calculate only
3-4 kite diagrams (selected species eg. bare ground, mosses, grasses & one other) or area chart: https://www.canva.com/graphs/area-charts/
14 mini located pie charts (grouped species)
Ring graphs (?) (species diversity) https://www.canva.com/graphs/doughnut-charts/
Bar graph upside down (infiltration rate)
Bar graph coloured to look like a larch (height of Larch trees)
Line graph (distance between each site)
Pictogram/proportional circle (sediment size or larch height)
Bar graph in soil colours (ground compactness)
AT LEAST ONE hand drawn graph
Spearmans on something (loss on ignition v's distance?) with significance table
Stacked bar graph (all species)

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Free Area Chart Maker - Create Online Area Charts in Canva

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Use Canva’s impressively easy to use, free online chart maker to build your own visually-engaging area charts designs.

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1. ArcGIS instructions

1. Download this (csv) file

2. Add the data you want into column F, give the column a title (eg. Cross Sectional Area CSA)

3. Download it as a CSV file & name it

4. Make sure you have a working ArcGIS account. ecolint.maps.arcgis.com - there's a sign up link on your email

5. Click on the map

6. Click on the PLUS sign on the top left.

7. Select 'Add a layer from a file' and find your CSV file.

8. Click next to all pop up boxes

9. Click 'styles' on the top right of screen and select FIELD.

10. Click the name of the data you added.

11. Play with the settings to change colour or style of bubble on the map

12. Take a screenshot when you are happy (include north arrow & scale).

13. See what you can do...

14. Make sure you add ArcGIS to your bibliography.

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method example DO NOT COPY, DO NOT USE THIS DIAGRAM

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Overall method & sampling type, including a map of all sites

Retreat

Trundle wheel distances, Latitude and Longitude

Abiotic

% soil cover in 25m2

Soil sample (& lab analysis: loss on ignition % Nitrogen)

Ground Moisture (probe)

Infiltration

Biotic

Diameter of largest lichen (lichenometry)

Height of larch

Species richness, diversity & % vegetation cover)

Questionnaire

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Open > draw & measure on map > export > press arrow > KML > then to go to Google earth > import KML file

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Maps of Switzerland - Swiss Confederation - map.geo.admin.ch

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Maps of Switzerland - Swiss Confederation - map.geo.admin.ch

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How to add custom symbols for your data on ArcGIS (Tutorial)

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How to add custom symbols for your data on ArcGIS (Tutorial)

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This video explains how to add data to ArcGIS so that it is displayed on a map of the study area, and how to change the symbols to your own custom symbols.

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Current standards seem to dictate that online learning is here to stay, and with that comes the need for more digital tools that can make studying easier.

While there are a lot of great self-study resources out there that could help with a myriad of subjects in terms of information and general studies, in this article we'd like to focus on graph makers instead.

That's because tools like these can help immensely when it comes to arranging information to make understanding it easier. And that's not limited to results from experiments or studies either. When we say information, we mean even little things like scheduling, note-taking, data visualization, and even organizing study material.

Here are our top recommendations:

Need a Beautiful Bar, Line, or Pie Graph? See: Canva

A website that democratizes design, Canva is a free design tool whose incredible quantities of templates and premade assets makes graph making feel more like an exercise in scrapbooking than anything else.
Screenshot/Canva homepage for graphs
Canva's vibe is louder and more visually striking. But for this to work it does require a minimum amount of effort from the user to input their own design sense as well.

How Canva allows for such versatility in their tool is that they give complete control of the graphic's elements to its users, which can be either a good or bad thing depending on your artistic inclination. If you're not the type to want to bother making your work look extra pretty then you're better off with the aforementioned tools.
Screenshot/Canva sample infographic
Another caveat is that Canva is more of a generalist's tool than it is an analytical expert's one, and so your mileage may vary. You will have to input your data manually, one by one as individual elements in order to fulfill your chosen graph template, as shown above.

Venngage is for Creating Professional-Grade Visuals

Speaking of an analytical expert's tool, this brings us to Venngage. Specifically built for business professionals who are looking to communicate large swathes of data effortlessly, it's a versatile tool that excels at simplifying the complicated.

While functionally similar to Canva where they're both online editing tools with interactive elements, Venngage is more tailor-built in its assets and templates for more formal and data-heavy presentations.
Screenshot/Venngage sample graph
It hits the right balance between having a beautiful, pre-made design without having to sacrifice any crucial information.

Of course, it's open for student use as well, perfect for times when communicating complex ideas to others needs to be streamlined in a practical, yet still fun, way.

Google Data Studio Has Strong All-in-one Features
Screenshot/Google Data Studio homepage
Data visualization has never been so easy with Google Data Studio. Made to be an interactive dashboard that can create eye-catching reports in minutes, it's a fantastic tool for students who want to present a wide array of data in a clear and beautiful way.

Some of its best features include its pre-built integrations for data importing from other sources, its simple,code-less interface for simplifying data, and the breadth of options it offers in terms of visual customization. Making data accessible has never been this easy.

It also allows for filtering within the charts themselves, allowing you to create complex data sets within one chart without worrying about bloat.
Screenshot/Sample data on world population from google data studio
The best part is that it also works within the Google ecosystem, which makes it easy for both individuals and teams to work on the same project as long as they have access.

Adobe Spark is a Straightforward Chart Builder

When it comes to digital visuals of any kind, of course, Adobe has a stake. Their online chart making tool, Adobe Spark, has a lot going for it as well in terms of creating visual data.
Screenshot/Adobe Spark homepage
Although not as powerful as Google Data Studio in terms of handling raw data, if all you're looking for is a quick and easy to use program for making professional-looking charts and graphs then look no further.
Screenshot/Adobe Spark sample line chart template
What truly makes it stand out from its competition is its ease of use, though that does come at the cost of any sort of complexity. All you need to do is input your data and the program will take care of the rest.

It's a great solution for those who don't want to bother with the minutiae of design. The name of the game here is utilitarian simplicity, and sometimes that's more than enough.

Desmos is for the Mathematicians

Desmos is an online graphing calculator that covers all the tools every aspiring mathematician needs. Available not only online but on app stores too, it's a strong contender for those who need a more specialized sort of graph maker.
Screenshot/Desmos homepage
Much like Adobe Spark, this tool shines for those with a singular goal in mind. It's straightforward and easy to use; all you need to do is input your formula into the pop-up menu on the left, and the software will follow.
Screenshot/Desmos graphing calculator
Notion Has an Incredibly Advanced Gantt Chart

Notion is a note-taker's dream. An online tool made to collate a huge amount of data, much like a notebook you can digitally sift through, it's a great tool for making sure you have everything you ever need on a subject right at your fingertips, presented in almost any logical way you want. But that's not all it can do.
Screenshot/Notion homepage
Due to its gantt chart feature, which it calls timeline view, it's capable of presenting all your data sets in the order you want, making it so it's easy to see how you would tackle your own set scope chronologically.

It's also extremely malleable in terms of data visualization, as you can set custom filters so you can view your data from any angle. You can even adjust the timeline as needed. It's mostly used to keep on top of projects or personal tasks more than it is for presenting data, but it's another chart that students will surely appreciate the use of.
Screenshot/Notion blog post for timeline
At the end of the day though, which graph or chart maker you'll use will depend on what you need to accomplish. There are a lot more tools out there, but these heavy-hitters offer the most value in terms of features.

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Top 6 Graph Maker Websites Ideal for Online Learning

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While there are a lot of great self-study resources out there that could help with a myriad of subjects in terms of information and general studies, in this article we'd like to focus on graph makers instead.

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Create a visual summary of your data for the conclusion- maybe an infographic like this?

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Create a visual summary of your data for the conclusion- maybe an infographic like this?

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Free Infographic Maker - 700+ Beautiful Templates | Visme

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Use our free online infographic maker to create beautiful infographics, reports and charts. Choose from hundreds of pre-made templates. Get started for free.

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Aerial photo showing retreat of the glacier

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Aerial photo showing retreat of the glacier

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Simpson’s diversity index is used to quantify the biodiversity of a habitat. It takes into account the number of species present, as well as the relative abundance of each species

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Large-scale WebGL-powered Geospatial Data Visualization Tool

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Kepler.gl is a powerful web-based geospatial data analysis tool. Built on a high performance rendering engine and designed for large-scale data sets.

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Biotic

250cm2 Quadrat

PlantNet app

Data collection sheet

Abiotics

Tube

Measuring jug

Water

Stop watch

Tent peg

Sample pot

trowel

Data collection sheet

Questionnaire

Survey questions in 4 languages

MortAlive Info sheet

Data collection sheet

Larch & Lichenometry

Clinometer

Tape measure

Meter ruler

Calculator

Ruler

Vernier Calipre

Trundle wheel

Data collection sheet

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Hand Drawn Map Task

The hand drawn map must be more 50% of the page (portrait)

Trace the valley & main surrounding mountains (label their heights & names)

Trace all glaciers and add direction of flow(& colour it blue), Crevasses/seracs

Label Glacial Features,(Cirques, Aretes, Pyramidal Peaks, moraines (lateral, medial,) etc.

Italian Border

Glacial Foreland and the River (& name it!)

Where avalanches & rockfall might arrive from

Prevailing winds (NE & NNE)

Footpath (in relation to the transect)

Hotel

Train line & station

Once map is complete and scanned add the following around the map

Weather & climate data

Rate of melting this summer

Use of the valley (tourism etc.)

Secondary data - GLAMOS

Glacial budget diagram

Zone of ablation & accumulation

Historical data of CC

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Chemix is a free online editor for drawing lab diagrams. Simple and intuitive, it is designed for students and pupils to help them draw diagrams of common laboratory equipment and lab setup of science experiments.

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Create a new document and edit with others at the same time -- from your computer, phone or tablet. Get stuff done with or without an internet connection. Use Docs to edit Word files. Free from Google.

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geo.admin.ch ist die Geoinformationsplattform der Schweizerischen Eidgenossenschaft. // geo.admin.ch est la plateforme de géoinformation de la Confédération suisse.

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Critical values tables for Spearmans Rank

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Critical values tables for Spearmans Rank

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Check your answers here: https://geographyfieldwork.com/SpearmansRankCalculator.html

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These do not need to be very long, but certain factors MUST be included:
CONCLUSION
1. Restate the RQ and state if it has been achieved.
2.  Go through the key findings of the investigation.  There will be some repetition from the DP & A section.  Make sure you CROSS REFERENCE from the conclusion to the DP & A.  (If you look at the graph of the % of Organic Matter on page 17 you will see that the general trend was that this increased with age inline with lithoseral succession)
3.  Include a VISUAL SUMMARY of the key findings (not an IB requirement, but strongly encouraged)

EVALUATION
What went well?
What problems/Issues were experienced.
SUGGEST ways these problems could be overcome,
SUGGEST and alternate RQ or Hypothesis.

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1:25000, sheet 2521, 2017