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Physical Science, according to the Merriam-Webster, is "any of the natural sciences (such as physics, chemistry, and astronomy) that deal primarily with nonliving materials." Physical Science is important to have a greater understanding of what this happening, according to Joe Krajcik. My main focus will be on physical change. According to National Geographic, physical change is when the material physically changes, but the substances do not. The material changes in texture, shape, or state.

APA Citation:
Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Physical science. In Merriam-Webster.com dictionary. Retrieved November 9, 2021, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/physical%20science

National Geographic (2021, September 22). Changes in Matter: Physical Vs. Chemical Changes. https://www.nationalgeographic.org/article/changes-matter-physical-vs-chemical-changes/12th-grade/

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The Next Generation Science Standards: A Focus on Physical Science.
This journal article focuses on the standards for physical science. It explains the important if it and shows how to implement it into classroom activities.

APA Citation:
Krajcik, J. (2013). The Next Generation Science Standards: A Focus on Physical Science. The Science Teacher, 80(3), 27–35. http://www.jstor.org/stable/43557704.

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List of Concepts, Terms, and Definitions

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List of Concepts, Terms, and Definitions

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Physical Science: "any of the natural sciences (such as physics, chemistry, and astronomy) that deal primarily with nonliving materials."

Physical Change: Change to the physical properties of a substance.

Physical Features: Physical change is change of features. For example: color, shape, volume, density, size, etc.

Heating: energy transferred between two substances with different temperatures. Higher temperature is transfer to the substance with lower temperature.

Cooling: removal of heat.

Freezing: liquid turn into a solid.

Melting: the process of transforming a solid to a liquid.

Matter: any substance that has mass and takes up space.

Solids: one of the states of matter. Molecules are packed together and contain the less kinetic energy.

Liquid: one of the states of matter. Flows freely but has constant volume. Has more kinetic energy than solids.

Gas: one of the states of matter. Expands freely meaning having no fixed shape and no fixed volume.

Evaporation: the process when a liquid changes to a gas.

Transpiration: evaporation of water from plant leaves.

Condensation: the process when a gas changes into a liquid.

Precipitation: the process of liquid following back to earth.

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Forms of Teaching Resources Assist to Create this Lesson Unit 

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Forms of Teaching Resources Assist to Create this Lesson Unit 

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1. https://study.com/academy/lesson/physical-change-games-activities.html
Lesson Plan on Physical Changes.

2. https://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Browse/Search:physical+changes+in+matter/Price-Range/Free
Free worksheets for physical change in matter.

3. https://www.education.com/lesson-plan/states-of-matter/
Lesson Plan of States of Matter: Solids, Liquids, and Gases.

4. https://www.teachstarter.com/us/teaching-resource-collection/states-of-matter/
States of Matter Teaching Resources

5. https://www.keslerscience.com/solids-liquids-and-gases-lesson-plan-a-complete-science-lesson-using-the-5e-method-of-instruction/
Lesson Plan about Solids, Liquids, and Gases.

6. https://jr.brainpop.com/science/matter/changingstatesofmatter/
BrainPop Jr on Changing States of Matter.

7.  https://www.scienceworld.ca/resource/states-matter/
Various Activities that can be used for States of Matter.

8. https://www.middleschoolchemistry.com/lessonplans/chapter2/lesson5
Lesson Plan on Changing States: Melting

9. https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/education/resources/k-8/inquiryinaction/second-grade/chapter-5/lesson-5-1-changes-caused-by-heating-and-cooling.html
A lesson plan about changes by heating and cooling.

10. https://www.education.com/science-fair/article/boiling-water-paper-cup/
A science project dealing with boiling water in a cup.

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Physical Change Games & Activities | Study.com

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If you’re looking for ways to make learning about matter fun and exciting for your students, try these games and activities to help students...

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1. https://jr.brainpop.com/science/matter/changingstatesofmatter/
This website is BrainPop Jr, and it has a section for Changing States of Matter. The students can watch a video and then take a quiz. They can play games, write about it, do an activity, etc. The website also contains related topics and shows a section about solids, liquids, and gases.

2. https://www.abcya.com/games/states_of_matter
An interactive game for kids to learn about different properties of matter. The students will learn about solids, gases, and liquids. Students will sort different objects based on their states of matter.

3. https://pbskids.org/video/ready-jet-go/3014321360
An interactive video for kids to learn about the States of Matter. The video is from the series Ready Jet Go! This series on PBS Kids introduce different science topics for younger children.

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Changing States of Matter - BrainPOP Jr.

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Outline of the NC Essential Science Standards K-6

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Outline of the NC Essential Science Standards K-6

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Kindergarten:
K.P.2: Understand how objects are described based on their physical properties and how they are used.

K.P.2.1: Classify objects by observable physical properties (including size, color, shape, texture, weight and flexibility).

K.P.2.2: Compare the observable physical properties of different kinds of materials (clay, wood, cloth, paper, etc) from which objects are made and how they are used.

Second Grade:
2.P.2: Understand properties of solids and liquids and the changes they undergo.

2.P.2.1: Give examples of matter that change from a solid to a liquid and from a liquid to a solid by heating and cooling.

2.P.2.2: Compare the amount (volume and weight) of water in a container before and after freezing.

2.P.2.3: Compare what happens to water left in an open container overtime as to water left in a closed container.

Third Grade:
3.P.2: Understand the structure and properties of matter before and after they undergo a change.

3.P.2.2: Compare solids, liquids, and gases based on their basic properties.

3.P.2.3: Summarize changes that occur to the observable properties of materials when different degrees of heat are applied to them, such as melting ice or ice cream, boiling water or an egg, or freezing water.

Fourth Grade:
4.P.2: Understand the composition and properties of matter before and after they undergo a change or interaction.

4.P.2.1: Compare the physical properties of samples of matter (strength, hardness, flexibility, ability to conduct heat, ability to conduct electricity, ability to be attracted by magnets, reactions to water and fire).

4.P.2.2: Explain how minerals are identified using tests for the physical properties of hardness, color, luster, cleavage and streak.

Fifth Grade
5.P.2: Understand the interactions of matter and energy and the changes that occur.

5.P.2.1: Explain how the sun’s energy impacts the processes of the water cycle (including evaporation, transpiration, condensation, precipitation and runoff).

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1. https://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Product/Matter-Solids-Liquids-Gases-Sorting-Worksheet-1746901?st=20c3d2ea24bcb328fd7846b4c6c3054
Students will work on a sorting activity. The students will be given a set of pictures and they have to match it to solids, liquids, or gases.

2. The exit ticket will ask the students to explain each state of matter.

3. Students will be given a set of pictures. They have to identify what is a solid and if it is describe the properties.

4. The exit ticket will ask the students to identify three properties of a solid.

5. Students will be shown pictures and they have to identify what is a liquid and explain the properties in a worksheet.

6. The exit ticket will ask the students to identify three properties of a liquid.

7. Students will be shown pictures and they have to identify what is a gas and explain the properties.

8. Students will have an exit ticket. The exit ticket will ask the students to identify three properties of a liquid.

9. Students will work on a Venn diagram. The students will compare the three states of matter. https://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Product/Comparing-Properties-of-States-of-Matter-4708468?st=65a8456d9bbf092e891fdf8e32df5547

10. Students will have an exit ticket. The exit ticket will ask students for one difference between any of the states of matter.

11. Students will work on a science experiment. The science experiment is called the Swirls Around Us. Students will see a demonstration where ice cubes are placed in hot and cold water. The students will see the change of state from solid to liquid. As the demonstration is happening the students will write in their chart what they observe before, during, and after. https://www.scienceworld.ca/resource/swirls-around-us/

The students will write a paragraph about what they observe in the experiment. I will call a couple students to explain what they observe.

12. We work on an experiment, which is called You’re in Hot Water. The students will show the transition of liquid to gas. The demonstration will show the students water boiling in a pot, so during the experiment students will have a chart and write down what they observe before and after the experiment. https://www.scienceworld.ca/resource/youre-hot-water/
The students will write a paragraph about what they observe in the experiment. I will call a couple of students to explain what they observe.

13. We will work on an experiment called Instant Freeze Water. The experiment will demonstrate water changing rapidly to ice. The students will have a chart and write down what they observe before and after the experiment. https://www.stevespanglerscience.com/lab/experiments/instant-freeze-soda-ice/
The students will write a paragraph about what they observe in the experiment. I will call a couple of students to explain what they observe.

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A matter sorting activity where your students will be able to identify a solid, liquid, or gas. This is a great activity to use with verbal and nonverbal students at
all levels.

This was created as a supportive and/or independent sorting activity to go along with this book. Matter~Solids, Liquids, & Gases Adapted Book

Check out other products in my Matter Unit:
~ Matter~Solids, Liquids, & Gases Emergent Reader
~ Matter~Solids, Liquids, & Gases Sorting Activity
~ Matter~Solids, Liquids, & Gases Adapted Book
~~ Matter{Solids, Liquids, & Gases}~ Can Change Adapted Book

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Matter ~ Solids, Liquids, & Gases Sorting Worksheet

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A matter sorting activity where your students will be able to identify a solid, liquid, or gas. This is a great activity to use with verbal and nonverbal students at all levels. This was created as a supportive and/or independent sorting activity to go along with this book. Matter~Solids, Liquid...

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1. Joe-Joe the Wizard Brews up Solids, Liquids, and Gases.
By Eric Mark Braun.
This book is about Joe Joe, who is a wizard. Joe Joe tries to turn his homework into chocolate bards but turns it into syrup instead. Joe Joe needs to figure out how to fix this mistake. The book teaches students about solids, gases, and liquids to the students.

2. Solids, Liquids, Gases, and Plasma. By David A. Alder.
The book is an introduction to the States of Matter. It also explains how they change to one another. This story is based on a dog and his family.

3. Matter: See It, Touch It, Taste It, Smell It.
By Darlene Ruth Stille
This book is about matter. The book explains what is matter and shows the different states of matter through pictures. It shows how states of matter can change. The book included fun facts and an experiment.

4. Melting Matter. By Amy S. Hansen.
This book is about melting. It explains the process of melting ice cream. The book explains what is matters and what happens when the ice cream gets warmer.

5. Freezing and Melting. By Robin Nelson.
This book explains the process of changing water to a solid and then a solid to a liquid. The book shows pictures and contains many facts about water.

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This is an outline of my unit for physical change.

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CHANGES MATTER!
This journal article is a great resource to identify misconceptions about matter. Teachers can use this an as assignment were students identify what is true or false.

APA Citation:
Lott, K., & Jensen, A. (2012). CHANGES MATTER! Science and Children, 50(2), 54–61. http://www.jstor.org/stable/43176255