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-apart of the 1850 compromise
-Required that’s late as we return to their owners, even if they were in a free state
-made the government responsible for finding, returning, and trying escaped slaves
-if A deputy or marshal refuses they will be fine, possibly imprisoned, and held responsible for the escape

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This could’ve impacted black Hoosiers losing their rights as if black slaves were escaping and saw black settlers in Indiana’s prosperity they could have come to Indiana seeking asylum from those on the settlements. For those in Indiana this would mean more black population coming to Indiana and possibly those who could out do them and take up more land that the white settlers wanted.To keep this from happening Indiana could have decided to get rid of black rights in order to push them out of the state so that way this will never come to pass.

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-on the graphic it shows the separation of white population, in slave states, and “free”
-The graphic shows how many slaveholders were each state
-details categorizes split up by slave states and free states: votes in 1852 as well as school attendance of children, white adults unable to read or write, public libraries, product manufacturers, property value, post offices, and miles of railroad/ canals
-Dred Scott was a slave who after living in a free state with his master sued to be granted freedom
-Affirmed that slave were property
- The court couldn’t band a person from owning there property so they slave was still legally bound to the person

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In many places with one or more settlements churches, cemeteries, schools, and even grocery stores were built to support such settlements.
Marion County had the highest percentage of African-Americans in Indiana living in there
In Scott County there were no African-American settlements documented but there were six enslaved people in 1820
Sugar Creek County even had a Masonic Lodge organized for people of color
Hamilton County had one settlement near Westfield because of their quaker population

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After the American Revolution America claimed the Mid West territories
The 1787 Northwest Ordinance allowed equal opportunity for any male citizen to own land in the Midwest.
The 1860 census showed 63,000 African Americans and white settlers living in proximity to each other.
Many moved as it was cheap land and offered the American Dream to “buy land and farm it well”.
White farmers would ask black farmers who had been there longer and knew how to farm the land better to help them with their land.
Randolph county had a union literary institution where black and white children, boys and girls could learn.
In 1792 there were equal voting rights among men
African Americans had to prove themselves paying up to five hundred dollars to show that they weren’t a burden to their community
African Americans could be forced out of their community

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-Series of debates that occurred in 1858 between Lincoln and Douglas over the issue of black citizenship and settlements
-states “ anything that argues me into his idea of perfect social and political equality with the Negro is but a specious and fantastic arrangement of words”
-he agrees with Judge Douglas as he is in favor of the race to which has he secure your position.
-doesn’t believe he has the right to mess with slavery
-he counters himself by saying “ that there is no reason in the world why The Negro is not entitled to all the natural rights enumerated in the Declaration of Independence”

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-Series of debates that occurred in 1858 between Lincoln and Douglas over the issue of black citizenship and settlements
-Lincoln said that the dread Scott decision deprives black peoples of rights and privileges of citizenship
-Douglas states to the audience how he would not want to allow African Americans into the state nor join white settlements and worst of all in his mind come to Illinois and have them become citizens who could vote or be apart of government
-he believes the government was made on a “white basis”
-doesn’t believe in giving inferior races citizenship
-believe that god demonstrates that black people are inferior
-believes each state can chose what to do with slavery

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Article 1
Section 1. WE DECLARE, That all men are created equal;
Section 37. There shall be neither slavery, nor involuntary servitude, within the State, otherwise than for the punishment of crimes, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted. No indenture of any Negro or Mulatto, made and executed out of the bounds of the State, shall be valid within the State.
In all elections, not otherwise provided for by this Constitution, every white male citizen of the United States
Article 2
No Negro or Mulatto shall have the right of suffrage.
Article 12
Section 1. The militia shall consist of all able bodied white male persons, between the ages of eighteen and forty-five years
Article 13 negroes and mulattoes
Section 1. No negro or mulatto shall come into or settle in the State, after the adoption of this Constitution.
All contracts made with any Negro or Mulatto coming into the State, contrary to the provisions of the foregoing section, shall be void; and any person who shall employ such Negro or Mulatto, or otherwise encourage him to remain in the State, shall be fined in any sum not less than ten dollars, nor more than five hundred dollars.

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-Article I: all men are born equally free and independent, and have certain natural, inherent, and unalienable rights
-elections shall be free and equal
-article VI: every white male Citizen of the united States, of the age of twenty-one years and upwards…shall be entitled to vote
-Article VII: The Militia of the State of Indiana shall consist of all free able bodied male persons; Negroes, Mulattoes and Indians excepted

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-The territory allowed for equal voting rights and no slavery
-Indiana had the second highest amount of black settlements greater than or equal to 199 acres according to the 1850 and 1860 census
-A number of settlements in Indiana were around the Westfield area
-As well as those who didn’t want to have their settlements documented
-William Lloyd Garrison was one of the most recognized white abolitionists and wanted to unite America as he saw in some areas of the west
Garrison also recognized the dangers of moving west.

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Why did some Hoosiers lose their right to vote and own property in 1851?

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Why did some Hoosiers lose their right to vote and own property in 1851?

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After reviewing each source it can be concluded that with the effect of a high black settlement population, Indiana was second highest, and the success that they experienced created tension between black and white settlers. In combination with talks from Lincoln and Douglas of how black and whites couldn’t be equal, the laws declaring that slave were property, fear of more black populations coming in, and those in government need to feel superior, could have likely pushed the government to remove Black Hoosiers rights. As it would push the black population out of the state of Indiana and prevent new a onset of black people coming in by preventing all future hopes of equality in the state of Indiana and allowing Indiana to be free of slavery and African Americans.

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Significantly impacted the issue of African-Americans in free territory as if a slave could be diminished so far as to only be property in the eye of the law then for Indiana’s case why are those who consider themselves free any better than those who are property. Which then could have made it easier for it to be in law that no black person could live there as they to some in government were no different than slaves, who according to the constitution of 1851 have no place in Indiana.

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With African-Americans building other establishments within their settlements it prove to the white settlers in the area surrounding that they could thrive in the west and succeed. This could have been an additional cause as to why African-American Hoosiers got their rights taken away as more and more black settlers came looking for land to build a settlements they would see Indiana populated with black settlements that were succeeding. Then whether because of white jealousy or greed the white settlers didn’t want the ones already succeeding to have any more success nor did they want others to come in and have more success than themselves. Which is most likely why the settlements then fizzled out overtime due to loss of rights.

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The Northwest ordinance allowed the opportunity for people to settle west and acquire cheap land. As African-Americans and whites settlers started to live within the same areas some came together out of a need for help. But slowly as the white settlers no longer needed black settlers was that meant grew as the black settler would garner more success. This created a deep jealousy and want to sabotage their neighbors so they could be on top again. This even resulted in some African-Americans being forced out at gunpoint of their settlements. As this proved more frequent this could be a result of the same thinking reaching the government and causing African-American Hoosiers to lose their rights.

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Lincoln believes that an African-American person is entitled two what the declaration of independence said, equality for all people. However, he states in his speech how he agrees with The fact that his race has a superior position and how he does not have the right alone two change slavery. Although Lincoln at the end appears to be in favor of equality for all it is his statement at the beginning claiming that there will never be equality between whites and blacks that could’ve contributed say similar ideology that removed black Hoosiers rights. As this underlying thought of inequality would have convinced people that it was okay to take away a black person‘s right to own property and vote as they were not of the same superiority.

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Douglas provides a point of view that supports the Dred Scott decision and most likely reflect the ideology that caused for black Hoosiers to lose their rights in 1851. He fears the mass immigration of black people into his state and by proxy if they were allowed to be considered citizens and vote what that would mean for his position of government and the decisions that could be made from it. His defense for his argument could have been used in Indiana for their argument to get rid of their black population as can you believe that God has demonstrated that the black race is in fear and that he believes that each state has the right to choose what they do with slavery, but really he means that if they have the right to abolish the black people in their state

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In The constitution of 1851 there is a stronger emphasis placed on the exclusion and removal of African-American settlers within the state of Indiana. Although it starts off similar to the last constitution declaring that all men are created equal it adds in an additional 37 section declaring that slavery would not be prohibited in Indiana. This addition was most likely to put forth that there should be no African-Americans living within the state of Indiana, whether free or enslaved. Next when talking about elections the same distinction is made clear that only white men should be able to vote. But the militia no longer would except African-American or Native people to be in it, stating the emphasis on not allowing people of color in the state of Indiana. Lastly there’s an additional section, article 13, which strictly talks about black settlers and native populations in Indiana. It makes it very clear that after the publication of this constitution there will be no black settlers allowed to move into or settle in Indiana. As well as any contracts with a person of color shall be void and anyone encouraging a person of color to move into the state will be fined. This is the final step and blatantly declaring that there will be no person of color simplifying that the Hoosiers that lost their rights in 1851 were not the white settlers but the black settlers.

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In the constitution of 1816 it in the first article talks of all men and the opportunities that they should be able to enjoy including how elections should be free and equal which should mean to everyone, however in this context it is not. In article VI it is clarified but it is only the white male citizen and does not pertain to the black individual. And although they cannot vote they can fight in the militia. When the first constitution was made it was clear that it was not equal to everyone however it did appear that African Americans were being given an opportunity, although small, to live in Indiana. So whether it was jealousy or greed something must’ve drastically changed for it to be clearly stated for black Hoosiers to lose their rights.

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• This terriory was seen as an opportunity by African Americans to be able to live the American dream of owning farm land and raising their families free of slavery. Which is why there is so many black settlements in the west to begin with and why, especially seen in Indiana, the settlements most populate where there are those like the quakers in Westfield were abolitionists. However, it is hard to get a full picture of why they lived where they did as this map doesn’t show were native populations lived, certain religious groups, white settlements, or geographical limitations. Garrison made note of how dangerous it was to move to a land that was already inhabited but what possibilities lied in the land out ranked the risk. Which is why over 63,000 African Americans lived in the great west and worked in other occupations, that the map does not detail, and owned farms. The 1787 ordinance gave African Americans an opportunity to have freedom and equality with the United States which provided a step in the right direction away from slavery for some.

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Why did some Hoosiers lose their right to vote and own property in 1851?

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Why did some Hoosiers lose their right to vote and own property in 1851?

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Through the documents “Bone and Sinew of the Land”, “Unheralded Pioneers of the 19th century” by the Smithsonian Magazine, “Early Black Settlements in Indiana”, Constitution of Indiana -1816, Constitution of Indiana -1851, Fugitive Slave Act-1850, “The Pro-Southern Court Speaks (Dred Scott), and the Lincoln Douglas debates; it is possible to come up with a reason as to why Black Hoosiers lost their right to vote and own property in 1851. As they detailed different perspectives that could have influenced those in government and laws and or impactful decisions that effected slaves and their relation to the so called free states. As well as the relationship between black settlers and the tension that grew between them.