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https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mahatma-Gandhi

The article shows the profile of Mahatma Gandhi

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Mahatma Gandhi (born October 2, 1869, Porbandar, India-died January 30, 1948, Delhi) Indian lawyer, politician, social activist, and writer who became the leader of the nationalist movement against the British rule of India. As such, he came to be considered the father of his country. Gandhi is internationally esteemed for his doctrine of nonviolent protest ( satyagraha) to achieve political and social progress.

In the eyes of millions of his fellow Indians, Gandhi was the Mahatma ("Great Soul"). The unthinking adoration of the huge crowds that gathered to see him all along the route of his tours made them a severe ordeal; he could hardly work during the day or rest at night. "The woes of the Mahatmas," he wrote, "are known only to the Mahatmas." His fame spread worldwide during his lifetime and only increased after his death. The name Mahatma Gandhi is now one of the most universally recognized on earth.

Youth

Gandhi was the youngest child of his father's fourth wife. His father-Karamchand Gandhi, who was the dewan (chief minister) of Porbandar, the capital of a small principality in western India (in what is now Gujarat state) under British suzerainty-did not have much in the way of a formal education. He was, however, an able administrator who knew how to steer his way between the capricious princes, their long-suffering subjects, and the headstrong British political officers in power.

Gandhi's mother, Putlibai, was completely absorbed in religion, did not care much for finery or jewelry, divided her time between her home and the temple, fasted frequently, and wore herself out in days and nights of nursing whenever there was sickness in the family. Mohandas grew up in a home steeped in Vaishnavism-worship of the Hindu god Vishnu-with a strong tinge of Jainism, a morally rigorous Indian religion whose chief tenets are nonviolence and the belief that everything in the universe is eternal. Thus, he took for granted ahimsa (noninjury to all living beings), vegetarianism, fasting for self-purification, and mutual tolerance between adherents of various creeds and sects.

The educational facilities at Porbandar were rudimentary; in the primary school that Mohandas attended, the children wrote the alphabet in the dust with their fingers. Luckily for him, his father became dewan of Rajkot, another princely state. Though Mohandas occasionally won prizes and scholarships at the local schools, his record was on the whole mediocre. One of the terminal reports rated him as "good at English, fair in Arithmetic and weak in Geography; conduct very good, bad handwriting." He was married at the age of 13 and thus lost a year at school. A diffident child, he shone neither in the classroom nor on the playing field. He loved to go out on long solitary walks when he was not nursing his by then ailing father (who died soon thereafter) or helping his mother with her household chores.

He had learned, in his words, "to carry out the orders of the elders, not to scan them." With such extreme passivity, it is not surprising that he should have gone through a phase of adolescent rebellion, marked by secret atheism, petty thefts, furtive smoking, and-most shocking of all for a boy born in a Vaishnava family-meat eating. His adolescence was probably no stormier than that of most children of his age and class. What was extraordinary was the way his youthful transgressions ended.

"Never again" was his promise to himself after each escapade. And he kept his promise. Beneath an unprepossessing exterior, he concealed a burning passion for self-improvement that led him to take even the heroes of Hindu mythology, such as Prahlada and Harishcandra-legendary embodiments of truthfulness and sacrifice-as living models.

In 1887 Mohandas scraped through the matriculation examination of the University of Bombay (now University of Mumbai) and joined Samaldas College in Bhavnagar (Bhaunagar). As he had to suddenly switch from his native language- Gujarati -to English, he found it rather difficult to follow the lectures.

Meanwhile, his family was debating his future. Left to himself, he would have liked to have been a doctor. But, besides the Vaishnava prejudice against vivisection, it was clear that, if he was to keep up the family tradition of holding high office in one of the states in Gujarat, he would have to qualify as a barrister. That meant a visit to England, and Mohandas, who was not too happy at Samaldas College, jumped at the proposal. His youthful imagination conceived England as "a land of philosophers and poets, the very centre of civilization." But there were several hurdles to be crossed before the visit to England could be realized. His father had left the family little property; moreover, his mother was reluctant to expose her youngest child to unknown temptations and dangers in a distant land. But Mohandas was determined to visit England. One of his brothers raised the necessary money, and his mother's doubts were allayed when he took a vow that, while away from home, he would not touch wine, women, or meat. Mohandas disregarded the last obstacle-the decree of the leaders of the Modh Bania subcaste ( Vaishya caste), to which the Gandhis belonged, who forbade his trip to England as a violation of the Hindu religion-and sailed in September 1888. Ten days after his arrival, he joined the Inner Temple, one of the four London law colleges ( The Temple).

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Mahatma Gandhi | Biography, Education, Religion, Accomplishments, Death, & Facts

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Mahatma Gandhi, the revered Indian leader and advocate of nonviolent resistance, inspired a nation to fight for independence from British rule through peaceful means, leaving an enduring legacy in history.

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u_Lcv3y8PZU

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Mahatma Karamchand Gandhi is an Indian lawyer, politician, social activist, and writer who became the leader of the nationalist movement against the British rule of India, and he's born October 2, 1869, in Porbandar.

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WBpVPpc-Uus

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Sachin Tendulkar on Beast Mode !! Most Aggressive Batting VS NZ !!

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https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sachin-Tendulkar

The website shows the biography and career sumary of Sachin Tendulkar

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This article was most recently revised and updated by

Sachin Tendulkar, in full Sachin Ramesh Tendulkar, (born April 24, 1973, Bombay [Mumbai], India), Indian professional cricket player, considered by many to be one of the greatest batsmen of all time. In 2012 he became the first cricketer to score 100 centuries (100 runs in a single innings) in international play.

Tendulkar was given his first bat when he was 11 years of age. As a 14-year-old, he used it to score 329 out of a world-record stand of 664 in a school match. A year later he scored a century on his first-class debut for Bombay (Mumbai), and at age 16 years 205 days he became India's youngest Test (international) cricketer, making his debut against Pakistan in Karachi in November 1989. When he was 18 he scored two centuries in Australia (148 in Sydney and 114 in Perth), and in 1994 he scored 179 against the West Indies. In August 1996, at age 23, Tendulkar was made captain of his country's team.

Although India was defeated in the semifinals of the 1996 World Cup, Tendulkar emerged as the tournament's top run scorer, with 523 runs. In 1998 he was chosen for the Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award, the highest award given to an Indian athlete, for his outstanding performance in the 1997-98 season. India was defeated by Australia in the 1999 World Cup, failing to advance past the round of six, and was soundly defeated by both Australia and South Africa in series later that year. In the 2003 World Cup, however, Tendulkar helped his team advance as far as the finals. Though India was again defeated by Australia, Tendulkar, who averaged 60.2, was named the man of the tournament.

Tendulkar made history in December 2005 when he scored his record-breaking 35th century in Test play against Sri Lanka. The feat was accomplished in a total of 125 Tests and allowed Tendulkar to surpass the prolific Indian run scorer Sunil Gavaskar. In June 2007 Tendulkar reached another major milestone when he became the first player to record 15,000 runs in one-day international (ODI) play, and in November 2011 he became the first batsman to score 15,000 runs in Test play. One month later he scored a historic "double century" in a contest against South Africa, becoming the first man in history to record 200 runs in a single innings of ODI play. He was named the 2010 International Cricket Council (ICC) Cricketer of the Year. In an ODI match against Bangladesh in March 2012, Tendulkar scored his record-setting 100th international century-which included both Test (51 centuries) and ODI (49 centuries) play. He retired from ODI cricket later that year, and in 2013 he ended a six-year stint with the Indian Premier League (as a member of the Mumbai Indians) and retired from Test cricket, ending his playing days with records for the most career international runs (34,357) and Test runs (15,921). Throughout his long career Tendulkar was consistently ranked among the game's best batsmen. He was often likened to Australia's Don Bradman in his single-minded dedication to scoring runs and the certainty of his strokeplay off both front and back foot.

In 2012 Tendulkar became a member of the Rajya Sabha, the upper chamber of the Indian parliament-the first active athlete to join that body; he was nominated to the post, and his term ended in 2018. In 2014 he became the first sportsman to receive India's highest civilian honour, the Bharat Ratna. Tendulkar was inducted into the International Cricket Council Hall of Fame in 2019.

The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica Amy Tikkanen.

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Sachin Tendulkar | Biography, Stats, & Facts

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Sachin Tendulkar, Indian professional cricket player, considered by many to be one of the greatest batsmen of all time. In 2012 he became the first cricketer to score 100 centuries (100 runs in a single innings) in international play. Learn more about Tendulkar's life and career.

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In His cricket career, he already got 200 Test matches, and the total of runs in the Test is 15921 (Average of run is 53.8)
The runs in ODI match is 18426 (Average 44.8)

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Sechin Tendulkar is a popular Indian professional cricket player, and he's born April 24, 1973, in Bombay India, considered by many to be one of the greatest batsmen of all time, he became the first cricketer to score 100 point in 2012.

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Four Benefits of playing Indian traditional games

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Four Benefits of playing Indian traditional games

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https://blog.globalindianschool.org/giis-singapore-itgf-2017

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https://www.lukhstudio.com/blogs/beyondthelook/what-is-an-indian-dress

The video inside this website describe the detail of Indian women's dressing.

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Navigating the world of Indian garments can be quite intimidating. There's a wide range of Indian styles appropriate to wear, and they're not all called sarees! Here's a list of the different types, and when they're most appropriate.

What is a Lengha?

A lengha (pronounced leng-ah) is typically a 3-piece outfit composed of:

- Skirt (lengha)
- Cropped blouse (choli)
- Scarf (dupatta)

The lengha has a similar look to a sari because of the draped fabric but is much easier to wear. (And dance in!)

Embellished and elegant, lenghas are delightfully universal. They can be worn at weddings, engagements, sangeets, or receptions. Whether you're the bride or a guest - a lengha will make any mom proud. Some of our favorite lenghas include the Aasman, the Nakhra, and the Chamak.

What is an Anarkali?

An Anarkali (pronounced uh-naar-kuh-lee) is a combination of:

Leggings or Pants (churidaar) - Scarf (dupatta)

Because they're so versatile and low-maintenance, an Anarkali is a good choice no matter the weather or occasion.

Legend has it that Anarkali suits originated back in the Mughal Era. These suits are named after Anarkali (which means pomegranate blossom), a famous courtesan of the Great Emperor Akbar's court. Check out some of our bestsellers: the Jalebi, the Pyar, and the Duniya.

What is a saree?

The most traditional Indian garment, a saree (pronounced sah-ree), consists of three pieces:

- Petticoat skirt
- Cropped blouse
- Six-yard fabric

The saree itself is pleated, wrapped, and elegantly draped across your shoulder. With dozens of different ways to style it, sarees can look different depending on their region of origin - or even the type of function you're attending.

The saree can be an heirloom passed down through generations, or a purely functional garment worn every day. It's seen on streets and runways and has influenced fashion designers across the world.

What is a sharara suit?

A Sharara suit has a pair of wide-leg, flowy pants that are distinctive to this piece. It consists of three parts:

- Wide leg pants
- A blouse (varying in length)
- A dupatta or vest

The Sharara outfit is a fun and playful option. It is best for a Sangeet, Mehndi, or Wedding event. Our favorite Shararas include the Shakti, the Dishoom, and the Diya.

While a kaftan is not traditionally South Asian in origin, it has been adopted as an appropriate dress for Indian events. A kaftan is traditionally an oversized floor-length blouse that is embellished with details. It would be most appropriate for a Sangeet, Mehndi, or Wedding event. Our favorite kaftans include the Rani and the Kulfi.

More Guidance

Traditions of formality and colors vary by family and region of India. If a dress has more embroidery, it is usually considered to be a fancier dress. Bright colors are usually encouraged as a sign of prosperity. To compare some do's and don'ts based on events, read our Indian Dress Guide.

Do you need style advice on picking the perfect dress? The stylists at LUKH are great at helping choose dresses that are appropriate for any Indian wedding occasion, and it's completely free! Request a consultation.

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Navigating the world of Indian garments can be quite intimidating. There's a wide range of Indian styles appropriate to wear, and they're not all called sarees! Here's a list of the different types, and when they're most appropriate. What is a Lengha?

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https://www.britannica.com/place/India/Clothing

Thw article describing the different kinds of Indian clothing style, and when they dress it.

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India - Clothing: Clothing for most Indians is also quite simple and typically untailored. Men (especially in rural areas) frequently wear little more than a broadcloth dhoti, worn as a loose skirtlike loincloth, or, in parts of the south and east, the tighter wraparound lungi.

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https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_760_2004-12-27.html

The website describe the meaning of Thaipusam, and the purpose.

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OVxszSo-RWo

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THAIPUSAM in Little India SINGAPORE - Incredible Hindu festival

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A festival that people show their devotion to their God.

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A large group of celebration.

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xlBEEuYIWwY

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https://www.history.com/topics/religion/hinduism#:~:text=Hinduism%20is%20the%20world's%20oldest,world's%20Hindus%20live%20in%20India.

This article describe the Hinduism.

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Hinduism is the world's oldest religion, according to many scholars, with roots and customs dating back more than 4,000 years. Today, with about 900 million followers, Hinduism is the third-largest religion behind Christianity and Islam. Roughly 95 percent of the world's Hindus live in India. Because the religion has no specific founder, it's difficult to trace its origins and history. Hinduism is unique in that it's not a single religion but a compilation of many traditions and philosophies.

Hinduism Beliefs

Some basic Hindu concepts include:

Hinduism embraces many religious ideas. For this reason, it's sometimes referred to as a "way of life" or a "family of religions," as opposed to a single, organized religion.

Most forms of Hinduism are henotheistic, which means they worship a single deity, known as "Brahman," but still recognize other gods and goddesses. Followers believe there are multiple paths to reaching their god.

Hindus believe in the doctrines of samsara (the continuous cycle of life, death, and reincarnation) and karma (the universal law of cause and effect).

One of the key thoughts of Hinduism is "atman," or the belief in soul. This philosophy holds that living creatures have a soul, and they're all part of the supreme soul. The goal is to achieve "moksha," or salvation, which ends the cycle of rebirths to become part of the absolute soul.

One fundamental principle of the religion is the idea that people's actions and thoughts directly determine their current life and future lives.

Hindus strive to achieve dharma, which is a code of living that emphasizes good conduct and morality.

Hindus revere all living creatures and consider the cow a sacred animal.

Food is an important part of life for Hindus. Most don't eat beef or pork, and many are vegetarians.

Hinduism is closely related to other Indian religions, including Buddhism, Sikhism and Jainism.

Hinduism Symbols

There are two primary symbols associated with Hinduism, the om and the swastika. The word swastika means "good fortune" or "being happy" in Sanskrit, and the symbol represents good luck. (A diagonal version of the swastika later became associated with Germany's Nazi Party when they made it their symbol in 1920.)

The om symbol is composed of three Sanskrit letters and represents three sounds (a, u and m), which when combined are considered a sacred sound. The om symbol is often found at family shrines and in Hindu temples.

Hinduism Holy Books

Hindus value many sacred writings as opposed to one holy book.

The primary sacred texts, known as the Vedas, were composed around 1500 B.C. This collection of verses and hymns was written in Sanskrit and contains revelations received by ancient saints and sages.

The Vedas are made up of:

Hindus believe that the Vedas transcend all time and don't have a beginning or an end.

The Upanishads, the Bhagavad Gita, 18 Puranas, Ramayana and Mahabharata are also considered important texts in Hinduism.

Origins of Hinduism

Most scholars believe Hinduism started somewhere between 2300 B.C. and 1500 B.C. in the Indus Valley, near modern-day Pakistan. But many Hindus argue that their faith is timeless and has always existed.

Unlike other religions, Hinduism has no one founder but is instead a fusion of various beliefs.

Around 1500 B.C., the Indo-Aryan people migrated to the Indus Valley, and their language and culture blended with that of the indigenous people living in the region. There's some debate over who influenced whom more during this time.

The period when the Vedas were composed became known as the "Vedic Period" and lasted from about 1500 B.C. to 500 B.C. Rituals, such as sacrifices and chanting, were common in the Vedic Period.

The Epic, Puranic and Classic Periods took place between 500 B.C. and 500 A.D. Hindus began to emphasize the worship of deities, especially Vishnu, Shiva and Devi.

The concept of dharma was introduced in new texts, and other faiths, such as Buddhism and Jainism, spread rapidly.

Hinduism vs. Buddhism

Hinduism and Buddhism have many similarities. Buddhism, in fact, arose out of Hinduism, and both believe in reincarnation, karma and that a life of devotion and honor is a path to salvation and enlightenment.

But some key differences exist between the two religions: Buddhism rejects the caste system of Hinduism and does away with the rituals, the priesthood and the gods that are integral to the Hindu faith.

Medieval and Modern Hindu History

The Medieval Period of Hinduism lasted from about 500 to 1500 A.D. New texts emerged, and poet-saints recorded their spiritual sentiments during this time.

In the 7th century, Muslim Arabs began invading areas in India. During parts of the Muslim Period, which lasted from about 1200 to 1757, Islamic rulers prevented Hindus from worshipping their deities, and some temples were destroyed.

Mahatma Gandhi

Between 1757 and 1947, the British controlled India. At first, the new rulers allowed Hindus to practice their religion without interference. But later, Christian missionaries sought to convert and westernize the people.

Many reformers emerged during the British Period. The well-known politician and peace activist, Mahatma Gandhi, led a movement that pushed for India's independence.

The partition of India occurred in 1947, and Gandhi was assassinated in 1948. British India was split into what are now the independent nations of India and Pakistan, and Hinduism became the major religion of India.

Starting in the 1960s, many Hindus migrated to North America and Britain, spreading their faith and philosophies to the western world.

Hindu Gods

Ashmolean Museum/Heritage Images/Getty Images

Hindus worship many gods and goddesses in addition to Brahman, who is believed to be the supreme God force present in all things.

Some of the most prominent deities include:

Brahma: the god responsible for the creation of the world and all living things

Vishnu: the god that preserves and protects the universe

Shiva: the god that destroys the universe in order to recreate it

Devi: the goddess that fights to restore dharma

Krishna: the god of compassion, tenderness and love

Lakshmi: the goddess of wealth and purity

Saraswati: the goddess of learning

Hindu Places of Worship

Hindu worship, which is known as "puja," typically takes place in the Mandir (temple). Followers of Hinduism can visit the Mandir any time they please.

Hindus can also worship at home, and many have a special shrine dedicated to certain gods and goddesses.

The giving of offerings is an important part of Hindu worship. It's a common practice to present gifts, such as flowers or oils, to a god or goddess.

Additionally, many Hindus take pilgrimages to temples and other sacred sites in India.

Sects of Hinduism

Hinduism has many sects, and is sometimes divided into the following:

Shaivism (followers of Shiva)

Vaishnava (followers of Vishnu)

Shaktism (followers of Devi)

Smarta (followers of Brahman and all major deities)

Some Hindus elevate the Hindu trinity, which consists of Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva. Others believe that all the deities are a manifestation of one.

Hindu Caste System

The caste system is a social hierarchy in India that divides Hindus based on their karma and dharma. Many scholars believe the system dates back more than 3,000 years.

The four main castes (in order of prominence) include:

1. Brahmin: the intellectual and spiritual leaders

2. Kshatriyas: the protectors and public servants of society

3. Vaisyas: the skillful producers

4. Shudras: the unskilled laborers

Many subcategories also exist within each caste. The "Untouchables" are a class of citizens that are outside the caste system and considered to be in the lowest level of the social hierarchy.

For centuries, the caste system determined every aspect of a person's social, professional and religious status in India.

When India became an independent nation, its constitution banned discrimination based on caste.

Today, the caste system still exists in India but is loosely followed. Many of the old customs are overlooked, but some traditions, such as only marrying within a specific caste, are still embraced.

Hindu Holidays

Hindus observe numerous sacred days, holidays and festivals.

Some of the most well-known include:

Diwali: the festival of lights

Navaratri: a celebration of fertility and harvest

Holi: a spring festival

Krishna Janmashtami: a tribute to Krishna's birthday

Raksha Bandhan: a celebration of the bond between brother and sister

Maha Shivaratri: the great festival of Shiva

Sources

History of Hinduism, BBC.
Hinduism Fast Facts, CNN.
What are the Basic Beliefs of Hinduism, Smithsonian Institution.
Hinduism: The World's Third Largest Religion, Religioustolerance.org.
Samsara: Hinduism, Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs at Georgetown University.

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Hinduism is the world's oldest religion, according to many scholars, with roots and customs dating back more than 4,000 years. Today, with about 900 million followers, Hinduism is the third-largest religion behind Christianity and Islam. Roughly 95 percent of the world's Hindus live in India.

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Hinduism is a Indian traditional religion with dharma

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https://study.com/academy/lesson/modern-indian-architecture-characteristics-examples.html

The video describing the most popular Indian architecture

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Glimpses of Indian Traditional Architecture

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Glimpses of Indian Traditional Architecture

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https://www.irjet.net/archives/V7/i5/IRJET-V7I5807.pdf

This article describe the different type of India architecture

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dOHGGtBNO7Y

It shows how to make Masala dosa

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INDIAN AMAZING TRADITIONAL FOODS | Indian Cuisine | PART 2 | STREET FOODS IN INDIA street food

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16 Traditional Indian Dishes You Must Try

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16 Traditional Indian Dishes You Must Try

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https://travelfoodatlas.com/indian-food-dishes

This articl list top 16 indian food they think people should try

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Indian cuisine is one of the most popular diverse on the planet. Whilst the food and drink vary by region and state, the one thing you can be certain of is that it will be a flavor explosion, regardless of the geographical region.

Indian food is fairly popular, with a variety of takeout options regardless of where you live in the world. But it's a sad truth that many of these foods have either been adjusted or watered down to suit the local taste buds.

As a result, it is interesting to take a look at the real authentic foods and drinks that are popular within India. You might also notice some similarities with Bangladeshi food, owing to their shared history and shared region of Bengal.

A love of rice and curry is something that India and Bangladesh most definitely share. So, on this note, let's take a gastronomical adventure through a country bursting at the seams with delicious dishes!

Most Popular Indian Dishes

Biryani

It may almost seem like a cliché, but the truth is that biryani is one of the most popular foods in all of India. In fact, in 2019 it was voted in the most ordered dish in the country. It was estimated that around 95 biryanis were ordered each minute!

This flavorful rice packs quite a punch, although the exact spice mix can vary from one region or state to another. In particular, South Indian biryani tends to be spicier than their Northern counterparts.

Some of the more popular kinds of biryani were boneless chicken, chicken dum biryani, egg, mutton, vegetarian, and paneer.

Our favorite Biryani recipe.

Tandoori Chicken

This dish has a great deal to offer in terms of flavor. This is partially due to the way that it is cooked in clay ovens known as tandoor ovens. The cooking process results in succulent and smoky meat. Of course, the marinade adds quite a bit to the taste as well.

The marinade is composed of yogurt, tandoori masala, cumin, and nutmeg. Once doused in the spices, the chicken is skewered and then place in the oven until done.

Our favorite Tandoori Chicken recipe.

Masala Chai

It is estimated that around 837,000 tonnes of chai are consumed in India every year. More often than not, people drink the spiced version of this tea known as masala chai. The actual spices used in the tea can vary from one vendor to the next. For the most part, though, spices like ginger and cardamom are added.

It is especially common to buy the tea from chai wallahs - street vendors, particularly when traveling to and from work. The blended Camellia sinensis fannings are a relatively new addition to the drink. Before the British colonized India, it was just spices decocted together for health purposes.

Our favorite Masala Chai recipe.

Masala Dosa

This dish hails from Southern India but is a fan favorite throughout the country. Dosa refers to a thin pancake-like flatbread made from fermented soaked rice and black gram beans.

The 'masala' refers to the stuffing inside the pancake. This largely consists of potatoes cooked with onions and mustard seeds.

Our favorite Masala Dosa recipe.

Dal Makhani

Despite getting its start in Punjab, this dish quickly became famous all over India, particularly among vegetarians. And, when you consider its ingredients, it is easy to see why.

The main components of this dish are red kidney beans and whole black lentils. They are cooked in a tomato-based sauce, seasoned with ghee, ginger, garlic, and chili. The final pièce de résistance is the butter, for which the dish is named. Sometimes, however, ghee is sprinkled on top instead.

Our favorite Dal Makhani recipe.

Chapati

Now, all these delicious side dishes have to be scooped up with something. While India does have a whole host of flatbreads, chapati appears to be the favorite and is a staple in households.

The unleavened bread is stretched out between the palms of the cook and prepared on a flat frying pan known as a Tava. What makes chapati stand out from many other types of bread is that it works with all kinds of curries and gravies, making it rather versatile.

Our favorite Chapati recipe.

Gulab Jamun

Indian food isn't just all about spices - there are plenty of sweet treats to enjoy. The one that tops the list is gulab jamun. When translated literally, this dessert is rendered as rose water plum.

This refers to the notable taste of rose water in the syrup that the gulab jamun is doused in and the fact that the sweet is the size of a plum.

Our favorite Gulab Jamun recipe.

Chutney

This condiment can be closely described as a relish. You will be hard-pressed to find a meal in India that isn't served with chutney. Chutney is made from a wide variety of fruits and vegetables lightly seasoned with various spices.

The goal of chutney is to add more flavor to the meal. Depending on the ingredients used, it may also have a cooling impact on the palate.

Our favorite Chutney recipe.

Butter Chicken

Butter chicken isn't just a favorite in India - it is beloved all over the world. However, as far as authentic dishes go, this is a fairly modern construct. Butter chicken was only invented in the 1950s!

The dish was created on the spur of the moment for a busload of refugees. However, the mix of tomato-cream sauce infused with spices and paired with tandoori chicken was a hit and soon gained national fame.

Our favorite Butter Chicken recipe.

Palak Paneer

Paneer is a soft cheese that originated in India. Due to its delicious and versatile taste, paneer is cooked in several ways. Nevertheless, there is no denying that palak paneer is one of the most requested options. Here, the paneer is cooked in a thick paste of well-seasoned, pureed spinach.

Our favorite Palak Paneer recipe.

Lassi

Lassi is a wonderful, yogurt-based drink. Depending on how it's prepared, it can either be sweetened with fruit or consist of herbs and mild spices. The drink is often cooled and is the perfect accompaniment to spicier dishes. Lassi is also enjoyed during the warmer days of the year.

Our favorite Lassi recipe.

Aloo Paratha

Aloo Paratha is a very popular Indian flatbread made with a spicy potato mix. It is primarily a breakfast dish that can be filled with different types of filling.

It is also now common to eat Aloo Paratha with different curries, dals and stews. Check out our favourite Aloo Paratha recipe.

Korma

Korma is stewed in a tangy and flavorful combination of yogurt, saffron, and various other spices. Although there are vegetarian options, the dish is most commonly made with meat. Despite the use of spices, korma is fairly mild. This doesn't make it any less tasty, however.

The actual components of a korma will vary depending on the region that you are visiting.

Our favorite Korma recipe.

Khichdi

If India had a national food, khichdi would probably be it. This meal of lentils, rice or oats, and mild spices like turmeric is one of the first solid foods that Indian infants eat.

While each household has their own take on this dish, there is no denying that it is something that is consumed in one form or another across India.

Khichdi appears to be getting a second wind as it is now being ordered more than ever before. To many adults, it is viewed as the ultimate comfort food.

Our favorite Khichdi recipe.

Idli

Idli is most commonly eaten at breakfast time. Made from fermented rice and lentils and then steamed, they look like flat, little cakes. At the same time, they are packed with protein and make for a very fulfilling meal as well as the perfect start to the day.

The staple can be eaten by itself, but it is most commonly paired with sambar or chutney. In some cases, the idli themselves are heavily spiced, making for a more savory food.

Our favorite Idli recipe.

Samosa

Deep-fried, crunchy, and flavorful, these pastries make the ultimate snack. They are often triangular in shape and can be filled with either a savory meat or vegetable filling. Samosas taste best when they are served hot. They are often accompanied by a chutney or cool, yogurt-based dip.

Although the savory version is most well-known, you can also find sweet ones as well. These are typically filled with fruit.

Our favorite Samosa recipe.

It can be somewhat difficult to summarise the most popular dishes in India simply because there are just so many of them! Indian cuisine is vast and has so much to offer. However, the above dishes certainly take the cake as some of the most beloved food and drink from throughout the country.

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Indian Food: 16 Traditional Indian Dishes You Must Try | Travel Food Atlas

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Indian cuisine is one of the most popular diverse on the planet. Whilst the food and drink vary by region and state, the one thing you can be certain of is that it will be a flavor explosion, regardless of the geographical region.

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https://youtu.be/ADM1rpc4_Zo

The producer film that they went to bigget spice market in India

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Aromas unlimited: What we know about Asia’s largest spice market in India

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https://www.imarcgroup.com/india-spices-market

The website describe the detail of Indian spices market.

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Market Overview:

The India spices market grew at a CAGR of 15% during 2015-2020. Spices refer to the food additives that are primarily used for flavoring, coloring, or preserving food items. They are usually manufactured by processing a wide range of aromatic seeds, dried fruits or vegetables, roots, barks, etc. Spices offer exquisite aroma, texture, and taste to food without adding any extra fat or calories. India currently represents one of the largest producers of spices in the world. Some of the common spices that are widely available in the country, include chili, turmeric, coriander, tamarind, cumin, mustard, fenugreek, etc.

The increasing demand for innovative flavors, authentic cuisines, and ethnic tastes in foods and snacks is augmenting the market for spices in India. Additionally, a significant growth in the food processing industry along with hectic work schedules and sedentary lifestyles of the consumers are also propelling the demand for convenient food options. As a result, the growing utilization of spices in processed and ready-to-eat food products is further driving the market growth in the country. Apart from this, the expanding HoReCa sector in India is also bolstering the market growth. Moreover, the increasing penetration of western food trends is further catalyzing the demand for a variety of newer spices. Additionally, the Indian government has introduced stringent regulations to curb the adulteration of spices, thereby inducing the production of safer product variants. Furthermore, the rising consumer concerns towards the negative health impact of synthetic additives in spices are augmenting the demand for natural and organic spices in the country. Looking forward, IMARC Group expects the India spices market to continue its strong growth during the next five years.

Key Market Segmentation:

IMARC Group provides an analysis of the key trends in each sub-segment of the India spices market report, along with forecasts for growth at the region level from 2021-2026. Our report has categorized the market based on region, product type, application and form.
Breakup by Product Type: Breakup by Application:

Veg Curries

Meat and Poultry Products

Snacks and Convenience Foods

Soups, Sauces and Dressings

Bakery and Confectionary

Frozen Foods

Beverages

Breakup by Form: Breakup by Region:
The competitive landscape of the industry has also been examined with some of the key players being Aachi Spices & Foods Pvt Ltd, Badshah Masala, Eastern Condiments Private Limited, Everest Food Products Pvt Ltd, Mahashian Di Hatti Private Limited, MTR Foods Pvt Ltd. and Patanjali Ayurved Limited.

Key Questions Answered in This Report:

How has the India spices market performed so far and how will it perform in the coming years?

What has been the impact of COVID-19 on the India spices market?

What are the key regional markets?

What is the breakup of the market based on the product type?

What is the breakup of the market based on the application?

What is the breakup of the market based on the form?

What are the various stages in the value chain of the industry?

What are the key driving factors and challenges in the industry?

What is the structure of the India spices market and who are the key players?

What is the degree of competition in the industry?

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Market Overview: The India spices market grew at a CAGR of 15% during 2015-2020. Spices refer to the food additives that are primarily used for flavoring, coloring, or preserving food items. They are usually manufactured by processing a wide range of aromatic seeds, dried fruits or vegetables, roots, barks, etc.

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10 indian Art Forms That Have Survived Generations.

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10 indian Art Forms That Have Survived Generations.

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https://www.thebetterindia.com/53993/10-indian-folk-art-forms-survived-paintings/

The article describe the 10 kind of art form that survived to now.

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Ancient Indian folk painting and art styles have been passed down from generation to generation, and are still practised in different parts of the country. Here's a look at what makes 10 of these folk art forms unique.

Passed down from one generation to another, Indian folk art is still alive in many parts of the country. Being culturally diverse and distinct, a variety of art forms have evolved over the years; some untouched by modernisation, some adapting to new paint colours and materials. Each depict religious epics or Gods and Goddesses mostly, but they're all unique, admirable and inimitable in their own might. In the days of yore, they were made with natural dyes and colours made of soil, mud, leaves and charcoal, on canvas or cloth - giving it a sense of antiquity, vintage nostalgia. Here's a look at 10 folk painting forms that are still practiced in select parts of the country:

Madhubani

Source: Wikimedia Commons

Also called Mithila art, it originated in the kingdom of Janak (Sita's father in Ramayana) in Nepal and in present-day Bihar. It is one of the most popular Indian folk arts, practiced mostly by women who wanted to be one with God. Characterised by geometric patterns, this art form wasn't known to the outside world until the British discovered it after an earthquake in 1930's revealed broken houses with Madhubani paintings. It mirrored the work of Picasso and Miro, according to William G. Archer. Most of these paintings or wall murals depict gods, flora and fauna.

Miniature Paintings

Source: Flickr: @since1968

These paintings are characterised by its miniature size but intricate details and acute expressions. Originating in the Mughal era, around 16th century, Miniature paintings are influenced by Persian styles, and flourished under Shah Jahan and Akbar's rule. Later, it was adopted by Rajputs, and is now popularly practiced in Rajasthan. As with other art forms, the paintings depict religious symbols and epics. These paintings stand out as humans are portrayed with large eyes, a pointed nose and a slim waist, and men are always seen with a turban.

Phad

Source: Wikimedia Commons

Originating in Rajasthan, Phad is mainly a religious form of scroll painting depicting folk deities Pabuji or Devnarayan. The 30- or 15 feet-long canvas or cloth that it is painted on is called phad. Vegetable colours and a running narrative of the lives and heroic deeds of deities characterise these paintings.

Warli

Source: Wikimedia Commons

Originated by the Warli tribes from the Western Ghat of India, in 2500 BCE, this is easily one of the oldest art forms of India. It is mainly the use of circles, triangles and squares to form numerous shapes and depict daily life activities like fishing, hunting, festivals, dance and more. What sets it apart is the human shape: a circle and two triangles. All the paintings are done on a red ochre or dark background, while the shapes are white in colour.

Gond

Characterised by a sense of belonging with nature, the Gondi tribe in Madhya Pradesh created these bold, vibrantly coloured paintings, depicting mainly flora and fauna. The colours come from charcoal, cow dung, leaves and coloured soil. If you look closely, it is made up of dots and lines. Today, these styles are imitated, but with acrylic paints. It can be called an evolution in the Gond art form, spearheaded by Jangarh Singh Shyam, the most popular Gond artist who revived the art for the world in the 1960's.

Kalamkari

Source: YouTube, Flickr

Literally meaning 'drawings with a pen', Kalamkari is of two types in India: Machilipatnam, which originates from Machilipatnam in Andhra Pradesh and Srikalahasti, which originates from Chitoor in the same state. While the former refers to block-printed form of art, the latter is a free flowing art with a pen on fabric. Today, Kalamkari art is used on sarees and ethnic clothing, and depicts anything from flora and fauna to epics such as Mahabharata or Ramayana.

Tanjore

Source: Wikimedia Commons

From down South, Tanjore or Thanjavur paintings originated in 1600 AD, encouraged by the Nayakas of Thanjavur. You can recognise a Thanjavur painting by its use of gold foil, which glitters and lends the painting a surreal look. These panel paintings on wooden planks depict devotion to gods, goddesses and saints. It borrows its styles from Maratha and Deccani art, as well as European styles.

Cheriyal Scrolls

Source: Wikimedia Commons

Originating in present-day Telangana, this dying art form is practised by the Nakashi family only, where it has been passed down for many generations. The tradition of long scrolls and Kalamkari art influenced the Cheriyal scrolls, a much more stylised version of Nakashi art. Depicting puranas and epics, these 40-45 feet scrolls were an essential visual accompaniment as saints wandered around singing or narrating the epics. They resemble modern-day comic panels, with about 50 on each scroll. They use primary colours and a vivid imagination, a stark contrast from the traditional rigour of Tanjore or Mysore paintings.

Kalighat Paintings

Source: Wikimedia Commons

A recently discovered painting style, it originated in the 19th century Bengal, from Kalighat. It was the time when upheaval against the British was a possible, exciting idea. These paintings, on cloth and pattas, at first depicted Gods and Goddesses, but then took a turn towards social reform. With cheap paper and paint colours, squirrel hair brushes and colour pigments, the art was characterised by flawless strokes, brushwork, and simple but bold drawings. It sought to raise awareness about social conditions in its viewers - rich zamindars were depicted drinking wine with women, while priests were shown with 'unchaste' women and police babus being sloppy.

Patachitra

Source: Wikimedia Commons

A cloth-based scroll painting from Odisha and West Bengal, these paintings with sharp, angular bold lines depict epics, Gods and Goddesses. Originating from the fifth century in religious hubs like Puri and Konark, around the same time that sculpturing began, considering there was no known distinction between an artist and sculptor back then. What's unique about this art form is that the dress style depicted in the paintings has heavy influence of the Mughal era.

Like this story? Or have something to share? Write to us: contact@thebetterindia.com, or connect with us on Facebook and Twitter (@thebetterindia).

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From Madhubani to Kalamkari, 10 Indian Folk Art Forms That Have Survived Generations

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Ancient Indian folk painting and art styles have been passed down from generation to generation, and are still practised in different parts of the country. Here's a look at what makes 10 of these folk art forms unique. Passed down from one generation to another, Indian folk art is still alive in many parts of the country.

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r6XQSfTYZPo

The viedo describe the different type of traditional Indian artwork, and also talk about how to do these and the step.

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Types of Indian Paintings - Different kinds of Indian traditional & folk Paintings & Art.

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=udpE2c0Zheo

Video of the Kabbadi, Khabbadi is a very popular sport in the whole world, it's also in olmpics.

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The traditional and adventure sport in india.

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The traditional and adventure sport in india.

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http://www.walkthroughindia.com/sports/the-traditional-and-adventures-sports-in-india/

The article talking about the most traditional and popular sport in India, and these sport are all invented in India.

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India has a vast and unique culture, so every state has its own traditional sports to follow. India become the land of traditional sports like Kushti The Indian Wrestling, Vallamkali, Jallikattu and many more. India is also known for its diversified culture and traditions. One of the traditional sports in India is Mallakhamb also known as the pole dance of India, it is one of the very difficult sports in India. There are few famous villages sports are also very adventures sports in India. I am listing few most popular traditional sports in India.

Kabaddi

It is one of the most popular sports in India played by the people in villages as well as in small towns. Kabaddi is an Indian game which requires both power and skill for its play. It is a simple and inexpensive game and doesn't require any playing equipment. Regular Kabaddi tournaments are held throughout the country.

Kho-Kho

Kho-Kho is one of the most popular traditional sports in India. Kho Kho is a 'run and touch' game that is very simple to play and can be enjoyed by people of all ages. It does need any good physical fitness just need skills to play.

Kushti

The Indian wrestling is the best sports to play and maintain the physic. It needs to be follow some set rules to become a wrestler. A heavy diet and strict discipline is to be maintain by the wrestler. Famous Indian wrestler Sushil Kumar is the Indian world wrestling champion of 66 kg freestyle wrestling games and winner of Bijing and London Olympics. Indian wrestling is one of most popular and difficult type of traditional sport in India,mostly played at North Indian state of Punjab and Haryana along with Maharashtra.

Mallakhamb

Mallakhamb is a traditional Indian sport in which a gymnast performs poses and feats while hanging from a vertical wooden pole or rope. It is also used as a form of exercise to get high level of fitness by the Phalwan or Indian Wrestlers. This is the one of the beautiful Indian sports.

Vallamkali

The snake boat race, known as Vallamkali in Kerala. It is an interesting traditional game held on the occasion of Onam. It is a famous water sport and one of the main attraction held in Kerala. Boat Race is truly a feast to the eyes of the visitors, who come from far off places to see it.

Jallikattu

Jallikattu is one of the oldest living ancient sports seen in the modern era. The ancient sport of Jallikattu pits crowds of brave young men against angry bulls. It is similar to the Spanish running of the bulls but a traditional part of Pongal celebrations in Tamil Nadu.

Camel Race

Camel racing in Pushkar is one of the major attractions for tourist in Rajasthan. Camels are very important part of desert life, These camels are decorated beautifully at the time of race. Pushkar is one of the oldest living city in India, and it is gaining popularity for one of the biggest annual fair of camels. It was really a good experience to watch the camel race in Pushkar.

Archery

Archery is one of the most ancient sports originated in India. This is the favorite pastime or sports of the people of Manipur, It's an everyday activity of the state dwellers. During every festival archery matches are held.

Martial Arts

Martial art is a part of India's ancient culture. Kalarippayattu is the one of the oldest form of Indian martial art. This famous art is from Kerla. Indian martial art is a gift to the modern world and mother of all other Asian martial arts.

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The Traditional and Adventures Sports in India

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India has a vast and unique culture, so every state has its own traditional sports to follow. India become the land of traditional sports like Kushti The Indian Wrestling, Vallamkali, Jallikattu and many more. India is also known for its diversified culture and traditions.

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List Of Top 15 Traditional Games That the Internet Generation Kids Don’t Know About

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List Of Top 15 Traditional Games That the Internet Generation Kids Don’t Know About

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The article discribing the traditional game in India, top 15 popular traditional games, and also discribe the rules and steps.

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Sports and games have always been an integral part of India's rich culture and history. Sadly, today's kids are so engrossed in playing video games that traditional games like Pallanguzi, Lippa, Kabaddi, Gilli-danda have been completely forgotten. Gone are the days when kids simply couldn't wait to go out and play a few rounds of Pithoo or Kith-Kith (Hopscotch) with their friends. The reduction in physical activity has given rise to a host of health issues in kids. Therefore, reviving traditional games will provide a host of health benefits.

Indian Traditional Indoor Games

Some of the Indian traditional Indoor games are:

1. Chaupar/Pachisi

Pachisi, a board game, was quite popular in ancient India. The game finds its mention in the Mahabharata. Akbar and his descendants also played this game. It involves two to four players who strategise their pawn's moves on a piece of cloth designed in the shape of a symmetrical cross to win the game.

Chaupar is also a board game which was invented around the 4 th century. It includes two to four players who use cowry shells and wooden pawns to plan their manoeuvres and win the game. The contemporary version of Pachisi/Chaupar is Ludo which you might have played in your childhood.

2. Pallankuzhi

It is one of the famous games which was played in ancient South India. Pallankuzhi is believed to have originated in Tamil Nadu and later spread to other places like Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, and even Malaysia and Sri Lanka. Variations of the game are called Kuzhipara in Malayalam, Ali Guli Mane in Kannada and Vamana Guntalu in Telugu. The game includes a rectangular board, divided into two horizontal rows and seven vertical columns. Thus, there are 14 cups on the board and 146 counters. Usually, cowry shells or tamarind seeds function as counters. Two people can play this game at a time.

3. Gutte/Five Stones

Gutte is a fun game can be played by both adults and kids. It generally requires five pebbles or small stones. There is no limit on the number of players who can play this game at a given time. The player needs to spin a stone up in the air and gather the remaining stones lying on the floor with one hand without allowing the one in the air to fall to the ground. Next, the player has to throw two stones up in the air and collect the rest and so on. The player who finishes eight steps in the minimum number of tries is the winner.

4. Lattoo

Spinning top or Lattoo is a popular game in Indian villages even today. This simple game has been in existence since 3500 BC. At the beginning, tops were made of clay. Later, wooden tops began to be used. Today, coloured and designer tops are also available. There is a string which helps to spin the top and also to lift up the spinning Lattoo. Two or more players can play this game. All the players wrap their tops with the string and then unwind it by pulling the string, making the top rotate on the ground. The players need to pick the top with the string as fast as they can. The player whose top spins the longest is declared the winner.

5. Antakshari

Antakshari is an entertaining Indian desi game is often played by grown-ups and children alike. It originated in Indian and is now played worldwide with alterations. Variations can be made to the original idea to suit the occasion such as family gathering, weddings, parties, etc. To play this game, two teams are made. One team sings a song, typically a Bollywood song. The other team has to sing a song beginning with the last consonant of the song sung by the first team. Both the teams keep taking turns until one can't think of a song and thus loses.

Indian Traditional Outdoor Games

Some Indian traditional outdoor games are:

1. Kancha

One of the exciting childhood games played in India was Kancha. Other names of the game include Golli, Marbles, Goti, and Lakhoti. It began during the Harappan age. The game involves the use of round glass marbles or kanchas. Several people can participate in this game. The objective is to collect the maximum number of marbles by striking the chosen kancha with another one. The winner gets to take home all the marbles of the other players.

2. Nondi/Hopscotch

This hopping game, also called Stapoo, is a popular outdoor game. In Tamil Nadu, it goes by the name Nondi. The game involves drawing a grid on the ground and numbering it. Players take turns and throw an object, usually a small stone, onto the numbered blocks. They have to hop across the blocks to pick up the object jumping on one/two legs to finish the lap, taking care not to step on the border lines. It is a group game.

3. Gilli Danda/Lippa

Gilli Danda is an older version of modern-day baseball and cricket. Its fame once matched that of cricket in India. All it requires is two unevenly sized sticks. The smaller stick is called the Gilli and the longer one which is used to strike the Gilli is called the Danda. The objective is to flip the Gilli into the air with the Danda. While the Gilli is in the air, the player must hit it with the Danda as far as possible. The player also needs to run to touch a pre-decided point before the opponent can lay his hands on the Gilli. It can be played by many people at the same time.

4. Kabbadi

Kabbadi is a team sport which requires no equipment, only agility and strength. It originated in India and is now played globally. Kabbadi in Hindi means holding the breath. Players form two teams with 7 to 12 members each. Players of one team have to break-in the opposing team's area. While doing so, they need to try and touch as many opposing players as they can. The 'touched' players are declared out. The team with the least number of players at the end of the game is declared the winner.

5. Satoliya/Pithoo/Lagori

Satoliya/Pithoo/Lagori is basically seven stones. It originated in India and has found its way to other places. It involves a ball and a pile of stones, usually seven. There are two teams of players. One player of the attacking team needs to strike the pile of stone with the ball to knock them over in three shots. Then the whole team has to try and restore the pile before being hit by the ball and declared 'out'.

6. Chain

Chain is another delightful children's game. This game is more fun to play when there are more players. The 'denner' has to catch the other members. When the denner catches someone, he joins hands with the denner to form a chain. Together they try to catch the other remaining members. Thus, the caught members keep joining to form a chain till all the players have been caught.

7. Kho Kho

Kho Kho is a team game which started in India. It gained popularity in 1935 when its rules were brought out by the Akhil Maharashtra Shareerika Shikshan Mandal. It comprises of two teams with nine participants each. Members of the chasing team sit on the ground in a straight row with alternative players positioned in opposite directions. The chasers have to catch the opposing team members before the stipulated time is over.

8. Hide and Seek/Chhupam Chhupai

The origin of this game is unknown. It is commonly played all over the world under different names. The players hide in a previously decided marked area. The 'denner' has to shut his eyes and announce numbers loudly while the other players get time to hide. Then, the denner has to find the hidden players. Any number of people can play this game.

9. Dog and the Bone

Dog and the Bone is a kids' game contains two teams of 5 or more players each. An object like a handkerchief or stick is designated as the 'bone'. A member of each team steps forward to encircle the bone placed in the middle of the playground. The aim is to retrieve the bone without being caught by the other player.

10. Maram Pitthi

Maram Pitthi is similar to dodgeball. It comprises of two teams with any number of players. A large area is required to play this game. Players from one team form a circle and hit the opposing team members who enter the circle with a ball. The opposing team players have to try and evade being hit by the ball and those who get hit by the ball are declared 'out'.

The mere mention of games like Kancha, Lagori, and Kho Kho is sure to make you nostalgic about your own childhood. It's time to pass on the magic of these childhood games to our current generation which tends to live in a virtual world.
Also Read: Famous Folk Dances in India You Should Know

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List of Top 15 Traditional (Desi) Games of India

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Sports and games have always been an integral part of India's rich culture and history. Sadly, today's kids are so engrossed in playing video games that traditional games like Pallanguzi, Lippa, Kabaddi, Gilli-danda have been completely forgotten. Gone are the days when kids simply couldn't wait to go out and play a few rounds of Pithoo or Kith-Kith (Hopscotch) with their friends.

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Traditional games that kids play without electronic device.

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two teams of seven players each face off in a large square arena for two halves of twenty minutes each.

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The most traditional sport in India.

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Masala dosa isa very popular indian food in the whole world, it's like a you use a pie crust and dip into the curry.

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Most of the Hindu artwork are relative  to religion or their God.

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Market that sell different stuff between other country.

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The food that people must know in india, and the most special and cultural food.

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A normal form of indian women clothing in daily life.

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Different clothing style that people dress it to different place.

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The most traditional Hindus styles of building.

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We are a online community of India, and have been order to preserved the disappearing culture, as people living In their country , they must have their own traditional culture or a folk activity, we're here to protect these disappearing culture, even though it is good or bad for people, the reason why preserving these culture, it's because these culture are the first impression that make people think about the country that culture come from, so we are obligation to protect it, it also make people inherited what their ancestor do before, so they will not forgot those important culture.