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Disease - Strep throat is a common type of sore throat in children, but it’s not very common in adults. It is a bacterial infection that may cause a sore, scratchy throat.

Symptoms - There are many symptoms for Strep Throat, they are pain/difficulty while swallowing, fever, red and swollen tonsils with white streaks or patches of pus, and tiny red spots on the roof of your mouth.

Medical terminology

Dysphagia = Difficulty or pain while swallowing

Pharynx = Throat

Algia = Pain

Petechiae = Red dots

Pyrexia = fever

Pustule = patches of pus

Oral = Mouth

Treatment -  Antibiotics are needed to treat the infection and prevent rheumatic fever and other complications. You can also use a clean humidifier or cool mist vaporizer,gargle with salt water, drink warm beverages and plenty of fluids, use honey to relieve cough for adults and children at least 1 year of age or older, Ask your doctor or pharmacist about over-the-counter medicines that can help you feel better, Always use over-the-counter medicines as directed.

Incubation period - The incubation period of strep throat is approximately 2 to 5 days. The incubation period of group A strep pharyngitis is approximately 2 to 5 days.

Patient Information -

https://www.cdc.gov/groupastrep/diseases-public/strep-throat.html

https://www.cdc.gov/groupastrep/diseases-public/strep-throat.html#how-strep-throat-spreads

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Group : Critical Thinking

Infectious Agent

https://www.cdc.gov/groupastrep/diseases-public/strep-throat.html

Step 1: What occurs during this stage of infection?

Sneezing

Coughing

Fever

Pain when swallowing

Sore throat

Step 2: How can the transmission of infection be stopped at this stage?

It can be stopped through the use of handwashing , sanitizing your hands and or space.

Step 3: Develop 4 ways to stop the spread of the streptococcus bacteria

Hand hygiene especially after coughing and sneezing and before preparing foods or eating.

Covering your cough or sneeze and changing your mask

Sanitizing and cleaning your surfaces.

Not sharing your personal items such as your drinks, deodorant, lipstick, towel, etc

Cough or sneeze into your upper sleeve or elbow, not your hands, if you don’t have a tissue

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What occurs during this stage of infection ? The reservoir is the place where condition are ripe for replication. This is where the pathogens live's and grow and multiply in the host.

Humans, animals, water/food and objects can be reservoir.

How can the transmission of infection be stopped at this stage ? Methods to break this chain are proper hygiene, proper cleaning of supplies, equipment and linen.

Steps to stop the spread
1. Use disposable tissues and dispose them
2. wash you hands daily and frequently
3. Don't sneeze or cough on others.
4. Don't share a toothbrush, drinks or food with another sick person.

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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

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Worried your sore throat may be strep throat? Doctors can do a quick test to see if a sore throat is strep throat. Antibiotics can help people with strep throat feel better faster and prevent spreading it to others.

Bacteria cause strep throat

Viruses cause most sore throats. However, strep throat is an infection in the throat and tonsils caused by bacteria called group A Streptococcus (group A strep).

How you get strep throat

Group A strep bacteria are very contagious. Generally, people spread the bacteria to others through

Respiratory droplets

Direct contact

Rarely, people can spread group A strep bacteria through food that is not handled properly (visit CDC's food safety page).

It usually takes two to five days for someone exposed to group A strep bacteria to become ill with strep throat.

Respiratory droplets

Group A strep bacteria often live in the nose and throat. People who are infected spread the bacteria by talking, coughing, or sneezing, which creates respiratory droplets that contain the bacteria.

People can get sick if they:

Breathe in respiratory droplets that contain the bacteria

Touch something with those droplets on it and then touch their mouth or nose

Drink from the same glass or eat from the same plate as a person infected with group A strep bacteria

Direct contact

People can also spread group A strep bacteria from infected sores on their skin. Other people can get sick if they:

Touch sores on the skin caused by group A strep bacteria (impetigo) or come into contact with fluid from the sores

It is important to know that some infected people do not have symptoms or seem sick. People sick with strep throat are much more contagious than those who do not have symptoms.

Pain, fever, but no cough is common

In general, strep throat is a mild infection, but it can be very painful. The most common symptoms of strep throat include:

Sore throat that can start very quickly

Pain when swallowing

Fever

Red and swollen tonsils, sometimes with white patches or streaks of pus

Petechiae - pronounced pi-TEE-kee-eye - on the soft or hard palate (tiny, red spots on the roof of the mouth)

Swollen lymph nodes in the front of the neck

Other symptoms may include a headache, stomach pain, nausea, or vomiting - especially in children. Someone with strep throat may also have a rash; it is known as scarlet fever.

Some symptoms suggest a viral cause rather than group A strep

The following symptoms suggest a virus is the cause of the illness instead of strep throat:

Cough

Runny nose

Hoarseness (changes in your voice that make it sound breathy, raspy, or strained)

Conjunctivitis (pink eye)

Up to 3 in 10 children with a sore throat have strep throat

About 1 in 10 adults with a sore throat has strep throat

Some people are at increased risk

Anyone can get strep throat, but there are some factors that can increase the risk of getting this common infection.

Age

Strep throat is more common in children than adults. It is most common in children 5 through 15 years old. It is very rare in children younger than 3 years old.

Adults who are at increased risk for strep throat include:

Parents of school-aged children

Adults who are often in contact with children

Group settings

Close contact with another person with strep throat is the most common risk factor for illness. For example, if someone has strep throat, the bacteria often spread to other people in their household.

Infectious illnesses tend to spread wherever large groups of people gather. Crowded settings can increase the risk of getting a group A strep infection. These settings include:

Schools

Daycare centers

Military training facilities

A simple test gives fast results

A doctor will determine what type of illness you have by asking about symptoms and doing a physical exam. If they think you might have strep throat, they will swab your throat to test for strep throat. There are two types of tests for strep throat: a rapid strep test and throat culture.

Rapid strep test

A rapid strep test involves swabbing the throat and running a test on the swab. The test quickly shows if group A strep bacteria are causing the illness.

If the test is positive, doctors can prescribe antibiotics.

If the test is negative, but a doctor still suspects strep throat, then the doctor can take a throat culture swab.

Throat culture

A throat culture takes time to see if group A strep bacteria grow from the swab. While it takes more time, a throat culture sometimes finds infections that the rapid strep test misses.

Culture is important to use in children and teens since they can get rheumatic fever from an untreated strep throat infection. For adults, it is usually not necessary to do a throat culture following a negative rapid strep test. Adults are generally not at risk of getting rheumatic fever following a strep throat infection.

Antibiotics get you well fast

Doctors treat strep throat with antibiotics. Benefits of antibiotics include:

Decreasing how long someone is sick

Decreasing symptoms (feeling better)

Preventing the bacteria from spreading to others

Preventing serious complications like rheumatic fever

Someone with strep throat should start feeling better in just a day or two after starting antibiotics. Call the doctor if you or your child are not feeling better after taking antibiotics for 48 hours.

When to return to work, school after illness

People with strep throat should stay home from work, school, or daycare until they:

AND

Have taken antibiotics for at least 12 hours

Antibiotic dos and don'ts

1. Do take the prescription exactly as the doctor says to.

2. Don't stop taking the medicine, even if you or your child feels better, unless the doctor says to stop.

You can find more guidance on taking antibiotics on CDC's Antibiotic Do's & Don'ts Page.

Not everyone needs antibiotics

Someone who tests positive for strep throat but has no symptoms (called a "carrier") usually does not need antibiotics. They are less likely to spread the bacteria to others and very unlikely to get complications.

If a carrier gets a sore throat illness caused by a virus, the rapid strep test can be positive. In these cases, it can be hard to know what is causing the sore throat.

If someone keeps getting a sore throat after taking the right antibiotics, they may be a strep carrier and have a viral throat infection. Talk to a doctor if you think you or your child may be a strep carrier.

Serious complications are not common

Complications can occur after a strep throat infection. This can happen if the bacteria spread to other parts of the body. Complications can include:

Abscesses (pockets of pus) around the tonsils or in the neck

Swollen lymph nodes in the neck

Sinus infections

Ear infections

Rheumatic fever (a disease that can affect the heart, joints, brain, and skin)

Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (a kidney disease)

Protect yourself and others

People can get strep throat more than once. Having strep throat does not protect someone from getting it again in the future. While there is no vaccine to prevent strep throat, there are things people can do to protect themselves and others.

Good hygiene

The best way to keep from getting or spreading group A strep is to wash your hands often. This is especially important after coughing or sneezing and before preparing foods or eating.

To prevent group A strep infections, you should:

Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue when you cough or sneeze.

Put your used tissue in the waste basket.

Cough or sneeze into your upper sleeve or elbow, not your hands, if you don't have a tissue.

Wash your hands often with soap and water for at least 20 seconds.

Use an alcohol-based hand rub if soap and water are not available.

You should also wash glasses, utensils, and plates after someone who is sick uses them. These items are safe for others to use once washed.

Antibiotics

Antibiotics help prevent someone with strep throat from spreading the bacteria to others.

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Worried your sore throat may be strep throat? Doctors can do a quick test to see if a sore throat is strep throat. Antibiotics can help people with strep throat feel better faster and prevent spreading it to others. Viruses cause most sore throats.

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3. Portal of Exit from Reservoir of Source

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3. Portal of Exit from Reservoir of Source

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Step 1

What occurs during this stage of infection?

The portal of exit is the pathogens departing the reservoir or source to another by way of body openings. They leave the reservoir or source through the discharge of body secretions, excretions, respiratory droplets, and blood/body fluids and make either direct or indirect contact with another host.

How can the transmission of infection be stopped at this stage?

The transmission of infection is stopped at this stage by isolation techniques, covering the mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing, using sterile dressings when applying to wounds, and wearing PPE.

Step 2

Develop 4 ways to stop the spread of the streptococcus bacteria..

Antibiotics

Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue when you cough or sneeze

Cough or sneeze into your upper sleeve or elbow, not your hands, if you don’t have a tissue

Wash your hands often with soap and water for at least 20 seconds

Patient information -
https://www.cdc.gov/groupastrep/diseases-public/strep-throat.html
https://www.cdc.gov/csels/dsepd/ss1978/lesson1/section10.html

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4. Means of Transmission | Communication

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4. Means of Transmission | Communication

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The means of transmission stage is where the transfer of the pathogen to the individual or individuals occur.

What occurs during this stage of infection during strep throat? (Ebony)

* In general, strep throat is a mild infection, but it can be very painful. The most common symptoms of strep throat include:

Sore throat that can start very quickly

Pain when swallowing

Fever

Red and swollen tonsils, sometimes with white patches or streaks of pus

Tiny, red spots (petechiae — pronounced pi-TEE-kee-eye) on the roof of the mouth (the soft or hard palate)

Swollen lymph nodes in the front of the neck

How can the transmission of infection be stopped at this stage? ( Julmide)

Put your used tissue in the wastebasket

You should also wash glasses, utensils, and plates after someone who is sick uses them. These items are safe for others to use once washed.

4 Ways to Stop Streptococcus at the Means of Transmissions stage! ( Ronarcia & Cleopatra)

The best way to keep from getting or spreading group A strep is to wash your hands often.

Cover your mouth.Teach your children to cover their mouths with an elbow or tissue when they cough or sneeze.

DON'T Drink from the same glass or eat from the same plate as a sick person

DON'T allow contact with sores on the skin caused by group A strep

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Step 1:

What occurs during this stage of infection? The way the pathogen enters the host is the next link in the chain. Portals of entry include the mouth, nose, throat, ears, eyes, intestinal tract, urinary tract, reproductive tract, or open wounds and breaks in the skin.

How can the transmission of infection be stopped at this stage?Methods to break this link include hand washing, wearing personal protective equipment (PPE), using sterile technique, proper disposal of needles or sharps, ensuring skin integrity, and covering wounds.

Step 2:

4 ways to stop the spread of the streptococcus bacteria

-Wash your hands with soap and water frequently

-Don’t share your personal items

-Try to prevent skin to skin contact as much as possible

-Cover your mouth

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What is a susceptible host?

Individuals who are likely to develop a communicable disease after exposure to the infectious agent

Strep throat susceptible hosts:

Grade school kids- Adults (mostly ages 5-15), Immunosuppressed, Chronic disease, Frail, Trauma, Sheer exposure

Ways to stop infection in susceptible hosts:

More sunlight

More sleep

Less exposure to the rain

Proper sanitation

Proper disinfection