# data[].attributes.body
Factor: Nationality

Point: Being American shapes one’s identity, as it influences the values that one stands for.

Example: Majority of Americans believe in, and espouse the value of individualism, which means that Americans consider themselves to be separate individuals who are in control of their own lives, rather than members of a close-knit group.

Explanation & Link: As a result, most Americans value the freedom of expression in thought, word and deed. It can be argued that most Americans feel free to express their opinions or attitudes towards an issue, and similarly, extend the same respect to others. As a result, there is a greater degree of tolerance of diverse views, which arguably promotes a more tolerant or accepting society.

# data[].attributes.body
Factor: Race & Ethnicity

Point: One's race and ethnicity shapes one's identity as it determines the everyday practices of that individual.

Example: The word ‘Japanese’ is used for a race and an ethnic group. This is because majority of the population living in Japan (98%) are of the same race, Japanese, and they have similar practices such as cherry blossom viewing. They also have similar values such as harmony and order.

Explanation and Link: As a result of their similar customs and community ethics, Japanese tend to act similarly. They have common interests and beliefs that tie them together. Thus, their actions tend to be very much alike. Their culture is practiced by them on a daily basis. Therefore  a set of community values and customs can be said to  effectively control the actions of the individual.

Point: One’s race and ethnicity shapes interactions with others as it results in a certain degree of tolerance of diversity.

Example: in the first of January 2011, Singapore expanded the race categories of a child, letting Singaporean children born to parents of different races have the option of a double-barrelled race. For example, if a child was born to Eurasian and Malay parents, the parents can choose both races for their child, resulting in a child of a  ‘Eurasian-Malay’ race. In the past, children could only have one official race. This option is displayed on one’s National Registration Identity Card.

Explanation and Link: This option came about as a result of Singapore’s acceptance of different races. Being so exposed to different races and cultures, Singaporeans have learnt to understand and embrace the multicultural diversity unique to their country. This double-barrelled race option is proof of their willingness to respect and acknowledge the possibility of mixed race children. A deviation from the norm is appreciated by others in society. Thus, people’s differences are accepted and embraced because they are so exposed to such things.

# data[].attributes.body
Factor: Nationality

Point: being Thai shapes one’s identity as it influences the values that one stands for

Example: Thai society is very hierarchal as they address people differently by their status and rank.They do different kinds of bows to different people according to their age and position. They also use different words to address people from different ranks.

Explanation and Link: As a result, most Thai people respect their elders. By doing the Thai greeting, they can also show an understanding and is also a way for them to politely apologize. Thus, there is a greater degree of tolerance in Thailand as everyone respect one another and this creates a more tolerant and accepting society.

# data[].attributes.body
Factor: Race and Ethnicity

Point : One's race and ethnicity shapes one's identity as it influences the values that one stands for.

Example: Most Chinese value filial piety due to the households they grow up in or the schools they attend. They believe that one should respect and trust their elders and should not defy them. An example would be in more traditional Chinese families, children asking and waiting for their elders to eat first before starting to eat.

Explanation & Link: This causes most Chinese to be less defiant of their elders and to be more filial, by trying to look after their parents as well as raising their children to show the same amount of respect them. As a result, they may be less tolerant when someone younger treats them informally or disagrees with them and expect to be treated with the same amount of respect that they give their elders. Thus interactions are influenced by the different values cultivated in the households of different races and ethnicities .

# data[].attributes.body
Factor: Nationality

Point: Being Singaporean shapes one's identity as it influences the values that one stands for.

Example: The National Flag is the most visible symbol of Singaporeans' nationality. The various aspects of the flag represent the core values that Singapore wants to work towards as a democratic country. Red symbolises universal brotherhood, and white represents everlasting purity and virtue. The crescent moon represents a young nation on the ascendant, and the 5 stars depict Singapore's ideals: democracy, peace, progress, justice and equality.

Explanation & Link: Since the National Flag can be seen almost everywhere in the nation, it serves as a constant reminder of what being Singaporean stands for. Singaporeans will be aware of the values and ideals to work towards, creating a common goal for all Singapore citizens to strive for. As a result, the country will be more united, with the similar outcome to work towards. Thus, a more unified and connected society is formed.

# data[].attributes.body
Factor: Socio-Economic Status

Point: One's socio-economic status shapes on'e identity as it affects one's lifestyle.

Example: A person with a high socio-economic status is able to enjoy many activities such as going for vacations, fine dining, polo. However, people of low socio-economic status do not have the privilege of travelling overseas and spending money to do extra activities. Their mode of transport also differs as people of high socio-economic status would usually own cars while those of low socio-economic status would take a more affordable mode of transport which is public transport.

Explanation: People of high SES are able to lead a comfortable life  and have the money to do whatever they want, thus influencing the circle of friends they interact with.

Link: Therefore, one's SES affects the choices they make that will impact their lifestyle.

# data[].attributes.body
Factor: Race and ethnicity

Point: One's race and ethnicity shapes one's identity as it influences the language one chooses to speak.

Example: Many Malays speak their mother tongue (bahasa melayu) at home, at school or other environments with those who can understand and speak Malay. Bahasa Melayu is special to the Malay race and when they choose to speak it, they are expressing and “remaining loyal” to the race they associate closely with. It becomes a touchstone for cultural heritage and identity since they grew up using it to communicate with close family members and not everyone has bahasa melayu as their mother tongue.

Elaboration & Link: Consequently, most Malays tend to converse with each other in bahasa melayu and share a common bond through speaking in a traditional language native to the Malay race. Similarly, other races may do the same and speak in their own mother tongue unique to their specific ethnic group. As a result, the distinct languages people associate with different races creates a racially diverse society where people adopt their race with the language they decide to use.

# data[].attributes.body
Factor: Nationality

Point: Being Singaporean shapes one's identity as it helps one to build a sense of belonging and influences the values that one stands for.

Example: Singlish is a common language spoken amongst most Singaporeans and this unique language contributes to the national identity of Singapore.

Explanation and Link: Since Singapore is a multi-racial society, each race has its own language. By using Singlish, which is a combination of various languages, Singaporeans are able to converse easily with others and feel a strong connection with people of other races.
Even though Singaporeans are encouraged to speak good English from young, Singlish has continued to thrive as it makes Singaporeans feel comfortable amongst family and friends when conversing in Singlish. It builds up a common bond between Singaporeans as it is something that only we can understand and relate to.
Thus, this unique language helps to contribute to our national identity as it is something that is close to our hearts.

# data[].attributes.body
Factor: Race & Ethnicity

Point: One’s race and ethnicity shapes one’s identity as it affects one’s traditions, customs and values.

Example: Take Chinese New Year as an example, different races have different traditions. Most Chinese prefer to visit relatives and have a big dinner at the eve, however, some other races do not pay much attention on that day. In that case, this kind of tradition cultivates their values of family as the core.

Explanation and link:  Similarly, other races have their own traditions and cultures on their festival, even different beliefs. These tradition gradually cultivate their values to make every race become unique in the specific ethnic group. Therefore, according to their different traditions due to the different races and ethnicity, they may diverse the society because of different values.

# data[].attributes.body
Factor: Race & Ethnicity

Point: One's race and ethnicity shapes one's identity as it influences the traditions one practises.

Example: During Chinese New Year, most Chinese carry out activities such as visiting relatives and  giving out red packets, believing that Chinese New Year is a time to reunite and reconnect with family. Therefore, these traditions tend to be more family orientated resulting in most Chinese identify with that.

Explanation & Link:
Similarly,  people of other races or ethnicity would have their own celebrations with their own activities, stemming from their different beliefs. As a result, these activities becomes a yearly tradition where people of that race feel a sense of belonging to it and therefore, the traditions carried out will shape their identity.

# data[].attributes.body
Factor: Religion

Point: one’s religion shapes one’s identity as it influences their values.

Example: For example, many religions have taken a strong stand against abortion. They believe that the issue encompasses profound issues of life and death, making it a major religious concern.

Explanation & Link: This causes people to think twice before they make their decision. They have learn what is supposedly morally right and what is not. They decide against certain important life decisions because of their religion. Hence, there is more degree of tolerance of diversity and people change their outlooks on certain matters to respect those who believe strongly in their religion’s teachings.

# data[].attributes.body
Factor: Nationality

Point: Being Japanese shapes one’s identity as it influences the values that one stands for.

Example: Japanese people espouse the value of respect for all. Japanese bow to people as a form of respect and bowing is nothing less than an art form in Japan.
The duration and inclination of the bow is proportionate to the elevation of the person you’re addressing. For example, a friend might get a lightning-fast 30-degree bow; an office superior might get a slow, extended, 70-degree bow.  For tourists, a simple inclination of the head or an attempt at a bow at the waist will usually suffice. It all depends on position and circumstance.

Explanation & Link: Generally, Japanese people are very polite and well-mannered. The importance of respect is pounded into children’s heads the moment they enter school. Japanese people have cultivated a sense of respect for everybody in the society and this is expressed through bowing towards people.

# data[].attributes.body
Factor: Religion

Point: Being a Christian shapes one's identity, as it influences their principles and values.

Example: Christians are taught to have certain values which embody the character of a Christian. One value would be modesty. This value is an example of the many important values Christians are taught to portray. For example, Christians are told to show humility and not be proud despite the circumstances or situation they are in.

Elaboration & Link: As a result, most Christians will think whether their decisions represent the Christian values and principles. They act certain ways due to the values they believe in. Thus, one's beliefs will have an influence on their actions and behaviours and this in turn affects their lifestyle.

# data[].attributes.body
Factor: Race and Ethnicity

Point: One's race and ethnicity shapes one's identity as it affects one’s tradition and customs.

Example: Majority of Malays go through a period called Ramadan where they engage in a 30 day fasting rites from dawn to sunset.  It aims to educate them in spirituality, humility and patience. After that,  they celebrate Hari Raya Puasa which is a festival that marks the end of Ramadan. One of the sentimental traditions observed during Hari Raya is when everyone in the family ask for forgiveness from each other. This leads to reconciliation and fostering relationships between families and friends.

Elaboration & Link: As a result, since majority of Malays go through the time of fasting and then celebration, it creates a sense of belonging among the people in the race. Furthermore, it can be argued that the behavior of most Malays is that they are more patient and have more self-control in their lives as they always go through the tradition of Ramadan every year. Hence traditions and customs from different races greatly affect their identity as through them, people will learn values  which will affect how they behave in society.

# data[].attributes.body
Factor: Race and Ethnicity

Point: Race and ethnicity can shape one's identity through its influence on one's values.

Example:  During Chinese New Year and several other important festivals, Chinese families will visit their relatives and celebrate with them. The Chinese place great importance on family, and it is common for many Chinese to stay with their parents even when they have grown up. The Chinese also prioritise having a stable employment with paper certifications, compared to other cultures which prioritise creativity and standing out in favour of a secure job.

Explanation & Link: Race and ethnicity cannot be changed, unlike nationality, religion and socio-economic status. It is something one is born into, affecting how they are brought up and the way they view others. These values will inevitably seep into their everyday life, impacting their behaviour and how they treat others in society.

# data[].attributes.body
Factor: Nationality

Point:

Being a Singaporean shapes one’s identity, as its multicultural society leads to Singaporeans generally embracing all races and cultures and identifying themselves as one with people of another race.

Example:

Because the country’s citizens are multiracial, the use of Singlish, a unique language consisting of the use of different languages spoken by different races such as English, Chinese, Malay is spoken daily by all Singaporeans. This language represents the diversity present in the country, eventually becoming a national identity that is special to only Singaporeans.

Explanation & Link: Singaporeans are binded by Singlish because it is commonly utilised in their everyday lives, hence making it a common characteristic that they can relate with.

As a result, a Singaporean can be easily identified in any country by the familiar recognition of Singlish being spoken by the person. Hence, because this language is a prominent way of identifying/distincting a Singaporean from citizens of other countries, one’s identity can definitely be shaped by one’s nationality.

# data[].attributes.body
Factor: Socio-Economic Status

Point: One's socio-economic status shapes one's identity as it affects one's lifestlye.

Example: For example, activities such as polo of golf, fine dining and travelling to distant destinations for vacations are usually carried out by people with higher socio-economic status.While activities such as swimming, soccer and basketball are enjoyed by individuals across all socio-economic groups as street soccer and basketball courts are easily accessible to the public.

Explanation & Link: As a result, one's socio-economic status is usually determined by objective indicators which can be constructed from single or multiple measures, mainly income, education, occupation, and wealth ownership. Therefore, the socio-economic status of an individual shapes one's life experience as it affects the choice of housing, food, entertainment and activities. This in turn can influence the circle of friends that one interacts with. In this way, one's identity can be shaped by one's socio-economic status.

# data[].attributes.body
Factor: Socio-economic status

Point: One’s socio-economic statue shapes one’s identity as it affects one’s life.

Example: For example, people with high socio-economic status are able to enjoy activities such as playing golf, and going for vacations. However, people with low socio-economic status can only afford the money to pursuit for the basic need for living thus they are not able to spend lots of money on activities such as going aboard for vacation.

Explanation &link: This usually leads to the difference of life between the high socio-economic status group and low socio-economic status group. As people with high socio-economic status can spend more time and money on pursuing their quality of life instead of only focusing on the basic living condition. Therefore, people with high socio-economic status are able to take part in various activities to broaden their horizons and get to know different people. Hence they take a longer view than other people with low socio-economic status. Therefore, a person’s socio-economic statue makes his or her life differently and therefore shapes his or her identity.

# data[].attributes.body
Factor: Socio-Economic Status

Point: One's socio-economic status shapes on'e identity as it affects one's lifestyle.

Example: People of high socio-economic statues have a high household income level. They enjoy activities such as polo, golf, fine dining and travelling to distant destinations for vacations while activities that are easily accessible to the public, such as swimming, soccer and basketball are enjoyed by individuals across all socio-economic groups.

Explanation & Link: Thus, one's socio-economic status may shape his or her life experiences because it affects the choice of housing, food, entertainment and activities. This may also influence the circle of friends that he or she interacts with. Therefore, this impacts their lifestyle and way of life,. Hence, one's identity can be shaped by socio-economic status.

# data[].attributes.body
Point: One’s religion can affect their everyday practices.

Example: For example, certain religions like Islam require believers to dress in a certain way. Muslim women have to cover up their hair with hijabs. Also, some religions disallow believers from eating certain foods. One such example is how Buddhists cannot eat beef.

Explanation and link: Due to requirements set by their religion, people’s habits can be influenced, which in turn shapes their identity.

# data[].attributes.body
Factor: Nationality

Point: Being Singaporean shapes one's identity, as it influences the common language that is shared in the society between the citizens of the Singapore

Example: The common language used in conversation between most Singaporeans, isSinglish. It is a unique language that contributes to creating a national identity of Singapore.

Explanation & Link:
As a result of Singapore's multiculturalism, different races have different dominant language that is used between each race, the Chinese speaks chinese or dialect, etc. This creates a language barrier between Singapore. Singlish is then a language that is shared and common to all Singaporeans despite their different races that is able for everyone to connect and converse with each other with understanding. Therefore, Singlish is a  special language that is unique and linked to a Singaporean and not others (Japanese etc) and only Singaporeans can understand, separating Singaporeans from people from other countries. This creates a common bond between Singaporeans. Singlish hence shapes our national identity.

# data[].attributes.body
Factor: Race & Ethnicity

Point: Race & Ethnicity shapes one's identity, influencing his/her degree of tolerance of diversity.

Example: On 1 January 2011, Singapore implemented the registration of double-barrelled race option for Singaporean children born to parents of different races. (Before that, Singaporeans were mainly categorized by Chinese, Malay, Indian and others, and parents had to choose one race for their child.) An example of a double-barrelled race option is "Chinese-Eurasian" for a child born to Chinese and Eurasian parents, where the races of both parents are reflected in the child's race. Lastly, the chosen double-barrelled race is also reflected on the child's NRIC. (From the textbook)

Explanation & Link: As a result, the diversity of races and ethnicities are further enhanced. This step that the Singapore Government has taken shows their desire to accept and acknowledge people with mixed-races, thus further diversifying our society with unique mixed-races through the hybridising of ethnic identities. This also allows the child to see for himself/herself the acceptance of such mixed races, and thus encourage himself/herself and others to further embrace the multiracial and multicultural society that he/she lives in, where they are exposed to the diversity of customs that are celebrated and observed by the different races and ethnic groups in Singapore. By doing that, they each accept one's unique differences in culture, and that henceforth contributes to the preservation of racial harmony in Singapore, which means that the difference in races and ethnicities are tolerated by each individual. Thus, their identity increases their degree of tolerance of diversity.

# data[].attributes.body
Factor: Religion

Point: One's religion shapes one's identity as it influences their values.

Example: For example, people who believe in buddhism are taught to do good works so as to remove suffering and "bad luck" and enter nirvana to escape reincarnation and suffering.

Explanation and Link: As a result, most buddhists will dedicate their time to doing good works such as working to end the suffering of others or put simply, helping others. By doing this everyday, this will change the way they interact with other people by being more thoughtful due to their lifestyle which was influenced by their own religion.

# data[].attributes.body
Factor: Race and Ethnicity

Point : One's race and ethnicity shapes one's identity as people with different ethnic backgrounds grown up from respective environments thus formed different   ways of thinking and different views to this world.

Example: Usually, Chinese are more likely to be conservative and sensitive comparing to the people who have been immersed in western style educations and family environments. Most Chinese parents prefer to perfect and to take care of their children while western parents would like to let their children try something themselves and have less worries when their children are doing something on their own.

Explanation & Link: As people from different races and ethnicities, they are grown up in different template, thus making everyone unique. We should hold on our lengths and strengths, and always learn from other cultures and people with different racial background. That's why we are always supporting and seeking for cultural fusions.

# data[].attributes.body
Point: One’s race and ethnicity shapes one’s identity as it affects his view of seeing things.

Example: Most of the Chinese families strictly prevents children from falling in love with others when they are students, but for western countries (America, for example), puppy’s love between children and teenagers is allowed. Chinese parents afraid that their children may focus on their immature love and cannot manage their time for studying. Teachers in China also helps keep students in focusing on studying. Meanwhile, in western countries, parents are more likely to teach their children how to love and how to protect themselves from potential injuries.

Explanation & Link:
Obviously, because of different social environments, different races under different cultures will develop various ways of thinking. In China, we have a extremely large population and exam is the only way to succeed, so the pressure of exams is high. Hence, Chinese parents must make their children focus on studying for their greater benefits. In western countries, the population is relatively smaller and the ways of survival varies. Hence, they need to teach more various skills to children. Therefore, the views of seeing things of different races & ethnicity shape people’s identities.

# data[].attributes.body
Factor: Religion

Point: One's religion shapes one's identity as it influences their values and everyday practices.

Example: For those who are of Islamic belief, there  five basic religious acts in Islam, collectively known as 'The Pillars of Islam'. These acts include fasting during the month of Ramadan, and Quranic recitation and memorisation, where Muslims recite and memorize the whole or part of the Quran as acts of virtue. Muslim women also wear the head-covering (hijab) in fulfillment of God’s decree to dress modestly

Explanation: As a result, most Muslims are very conservative and strict in following their religious beliefs, which in turn influences their values and sense of identity.

Link: In conclusion, one's religion affects one's identity as it influences their values and everyday practices, such as it does for Muslims.