# data[].attributes.body
fear that communists were working to destroy the American way of life

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anti-communist hysteria that fueled xenophobia that resulted in restrictions on immigration in the 1920s.

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Part of the Red Scare. Measures to hunt out political radicals and immigrants who were potential threats to American security.

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Immigration restrictions that led to a decline in European immigration, making workers scarcer

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Italian radicals who became symbols of the Red Scare of the 1920s; they were believed by many to have been innocent but convicted because of their immigrant status and radical political beliefs.

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Controversial but highly influential and innovative silent film directed by D.W. Griffith. It demonstrated the power of film propaganda and revived the KKK.

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Customers could buy goods by making a small down payment followed by additional monthly payments with interest

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Henry Ford developed this model of car so that it was affordable for everyone. Led to an increase in the production of automobiles which stimulated other related industries such as controversial steel, oil, and rubber. The mass use of automobiles increased the speed of goods could be transported.

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legendary route from Chicago to California that was built to provide a road way for the newly created automobiles during the time

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the uncontrolled expansion of urban areas.

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Young women in the 1920s who challenged social traditions with their dress and behavior

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Founded American Birth Control League; which became Planned Parenthood in the 1940s. Advocated birth control awareness.

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Literal interpretation and strict adherence to basic principles of a religion (or a religious branch, denomination, or sect).

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a highly publicized trial in 1925 when John Thomas Scopes violated a Tennessee state law by teaching evolution in high school

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law enacted by Congress to enforce the Eighteenth Amendment

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An illegal bar where drinks were sold, during the time of prohibition.

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People who produced, smuggled, or sold alcoholic beverages illegally during the era of Prohibition

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A period in the 1920s when African-American achievements in art and music and literature flourished

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Founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association and advocated mass migration of African Americans back to Africa. Was deported to Jamaica in 1927.

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A group of American writers that rebelled against America's lack of cosmopolitan culture in the early 20th century.

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Art style of the 1920s and 1930s based on modern materials and repetitive geometric patterns.

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corruption by a Harding cabinet member, who took bribes to allow oil drilling on public lands

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Washington National Naval Arms Conference (1921)

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Washington National Naval Arms Conference (1921)

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Spoke about naval disarmament, hoping to stabilize the size of the US navy relative to that of other powers and to resolve conflicts in the Pacific. The Five-Power, Four-Power, and the Nine-Power Treaties came from this conference.

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Agreement signed in 1928 in which nations agreed not to pose the threat of war against one another

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A plan to revive the German economy, the United States loans Germany money which then can pay reparations to England and France, who can then pay back their loans from the US

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paying a small percentage of a stock's price as a down payment and borrowing the rest

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October 24, 1929; stock market crashes and almost 13 million shares are sold that day alone

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October 29, 1929; date of the worst stock-market crash in American history and beginning of the Great Depression.

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widespread panic in which great numbers of people try to redeem their paper money

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(Herbert Hoover!!) The belief that all individuals, or nearly all individuals, can succeed on their own and that government help for people should be minimal.

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a shantytown built by unemployed and destitute people during the Depression of the early 1930s.

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A suspension on the payment of international debts

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Agency established in 1932 to provide emergency relief to large businesses, insurance companies, and banks.

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Group of WWI vets. that marched to D.C. in 1932 to demand the immediate payment of their goverment war bonuses in cash

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raised taxes on imports but worsened the Depression.

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Places where poor U.S. citizens could go and get free meals.

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Places where people waited in line for free or low priced food.

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open-road wanderers who traveled the country by walking, hitchhiking or "riding the rails."

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A drought in the 1930s that turned the Great Planes very dry.

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Farmers who moved to the west after they lost their farm during the severe drought called the Dust Bowl. Lived in shantytowns in California.

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(FDR) , change of dates for start of presidential/congressional terms

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Repeal of Prohibition

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Programs launched by FDR, in response to the Great Depression, and lasting until American entry into the Second World War in 1942. Included the 3R's.
1st: relief
2nd: recovery and reform

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Goals of FDR's New Deal
1. relief for the needy - provide immediate relief
2. economic recovery - rebuild the economy
3. financial reform - so this doesn't happen again!!

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This term refers to March 4 to June 16, 1933. During this period of dramatic legislative productivity, FDR laid out the programs that constituted the New Deal. Today, presidents are often measured by their actions in the same period of time

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a group of university professors to give shape to FDR's New Deal (his cabinet? of sorts)

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The informal radio conversations Roosevelt had with the people to keep spirits up. It was a means of communicating with the people on how he would take on the depression.

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closed all banks until gov. examiners could investigate their financial condition; only sound/solvent banks were allowed to reopen

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Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)

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Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)

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the government agency that insures customer deposits if a bank fails

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The theory emphasizing that government spending and deficits can help the economy whether its normal ups and downs. Using the power of government to stimulate the economy when it is lagging.

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federal program of disability and retirement benefits that covers most working people

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Conference called by James Blaine that created an organization of cooperation between the US and Latin American countries

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FDR's foreign policy of promoting better relations w/Latin America by using economic influence rater than military force in the region

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A form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator.

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Agreement between Germany and Great Britain in which Hitler is given the Sudetenland in return for agreeing not to take any more territory.

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Giving in or diplomatic policy aimed at avoiding war by making concessions to an aggressor.

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4 laws passed in the late 1930s that were designed to keep the US out of international incidents

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an intense military campaign intended to bring about a swift victory.

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Britain and France could buy goods from the United States if they paid in full and transported them.

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Selective Training and Service Act (1940)

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Selective Training and Service Act (1940)

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Law requiring all males aged 21 to 36 to register for military service

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A committee organized by isolationists before WWII, who wished to spare American lives. Wanted to protect America before we went to war in another country.

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The program under which the US supplied the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, China, France and other Allied nations with vast amounts of war material between 1941 and 1945.

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The program under which the US supplied the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, China, France and other Allied nations with vast amounts of war material between 1941 and 1945.

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a system in which merchant ships travel with naval vessels for protection

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Pledge signed by US president FDR and British prime minister Winston Churchill not to acquire new territory as a result of WWII and to work for peace after the wa

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United States military base on Hawaii that was bombed by Japan, bringing the United States into World War II. Pearl Harbor was attacked on December 7, 1941.

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Ensured that armed forces and war industries recieved the reasourves they needed to win the war.

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WWII Office that installs price controls on essential items to prevent inflation

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Mobilized science & technology for the war effort

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A secret U.S. project for the construction of the atomic bomb.

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The migration of more than five million African Americans from the South to the North, Midwest and West.

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an interracial group founded in 1942 by James Farmer to work against segregation in Northern cities

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Plan that brought laborers from Mexico to work on American farms

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a series of riots during which Mexican Americans were attacked by whites

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Indians who transmitted messages in their native languages; languages which the Germans and Japanese could not understand

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A propaganda character designed to increase production of female workers in the factories. It became a rallying symbol for women to do their part.

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relocation of Japanese Americans on West Coast to internment camps

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Supreme Court upheld the order providing for the relocation of Japanese Americans.

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Allied invasion of France on June 6, 1944

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A wartime conference held at Casablanca, Morocco. The Allies demanded the unconditional surrender of the axis, agreed to aid the Soviets, agreed on the invasion Italy, and the joint leadership of the Free French by De Gaulle and Giraud.

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meeting of the Big Three (US, Britain, and Russia) to discuss the final attack on Germany

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1945 strategy meeting between Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin

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Allied leaders Truman, Stalin and Churchill met in Germany to set up zones of control and to inform the Japanese that if they refused to surrender at once, they would face total destruction.

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City in Japan, the first to be destroyed by an atomic bomb. The bombing hastened the end of World War II.

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Japanese city in which the second atomic bomb was dropped.