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The Catcher in the Rye is a novel about a teenage boy and his struggles. He struggles with his past causing him to resent growing up and under appreciate people in his life. One of his coping mechanisms with his struggles is lying. The main character, Holden, lies clearly to other characters and to the audience but it is shown gradually through the novel that he lies mostly to himself.

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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1zyFgEqQvZHQluSPt54EBj5UQB1bxp5tjuoXB5NVGito/edit

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ROhs270_HZw

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This is a picture of a lie detector. I picked this because Holden would not pass this at certain points in the book.

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Holden does not realize he lies to himself sometimes like claiming he is a pacifist but wanting to fight over words at a school.
https://depositphotos.com/28842149/stock-illustration-oops.html

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Holden: he is the main character and lies throughout his time between getting kicked out of Pencey and Home
Mrs. Morrow: she is the mother of a Ernest who Holden lies about as being popular, shy, and modest.
Waiters and Waitresses: Holden lies to them over his age
Phoebe:
Holden tries to lie to her about leaving Pencey early and going out west.
Maurice: Holden lied to him about his age and then bought a stripper from him. Maurice later lied about the price Holden had to pay.

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Holden lies at almost every bar he goes to for a alcoholic drink. Most do not serve him alcohol.
https://theculturetrip.com/north-america/usa/pennsylvania/articles/the-10-best-bars-in-philadelphias-fishtown/

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"'I oughta go down and at least say hello to her' I said
'why don'tcha'
"I will in a minute"
He start parting his hair all over again it took him about an hour to comb his hair."
(pg 32)
"'That's right', I said
'You from Princeton college?'
'Well approximately.'"
(pg 64)
"If you want to know the truth, I don't know what I think about it."
(pg 213-14)

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This picture is to relate the audience's perception of Holden as the story goes on. The more the audience is aware of Holden lying the less reliable he is viewed.
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2242722/The-Pinocchio-effect-If-dont-tell-truth-nose-really-away.html

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Lying influences a large portion of the novel though the theme, characters, and meanings. Lying influences the theme of how lying can harm you. This is shown in the novel through Holden going through a downward spiral of lying what seems like some to even more at the end. At first Holden clearly lies to Mrs. Morrow but at the end of the novel it is apparent Holden lies to himself and Phoebe multiple times in a chapter. Holden does not give a accurate description of the characters. He lies about the extent of their flaws and maybe the flaws themselves. Holden ruins his credibility to the audience so much with his lying to other characters that the audience loses trust in how Holden describes other characters. For example Holden complain about how annoying Ackley is but is missing him at the end of the book.

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Salinger, J. D. The Catcher in the Rye. Back Bay Books/Little, Brown and Company, 2018.