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A photographer named Dorothy Bohm was a proper retrospective. Bohm was an influential figure in the in British photography over the 7 decades. 

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A World Observed 1940-2010: Photographs by Dorothy Bohm
Manchester Art Gallery, 24th April-30th August, Tel: 0161 235 8888

Surprisingly, this is photographer Dorothy Bohm's first proper retrospective. Though not a household name, Bohm has been an influential figure in British photography for over seven decades-she founded The Photographer's Gallery in London in 1971, was a nurturer of young talent, and last year was elected an honorary fellow of the Royal Photographic Society.

Fittingly, the show is being mounted in Manchester, the city to which the young Bohm, born into a Jewish Lithuanian family in 1924, was sent in 1939 to escape the Nazis. After graduating from Manchester College of Technology in 1942, Bohm started with portrait work, opening "Studio Alexander" in 1946 before embarking on years of travel through Europe, the US, Mexico, the USSR and Israel, where she developed her distinctive approach to the black-and-white documentary "decisive moment."

In the early 1980s she started using Kodak colour film on a trip to the far east. Since then she has used colour exclusively, sometimes with the human scene as her focus, sometimes constructing images more abstract and allusive. "The photograph fulfils my deep need to stop things from disappearing," she has said. As photography of Bohm's kind disappears, this exhibition, co-curated by Bohm's daughter Monica, is both celebration and elegy.
This article originally appeared in the May 2010 edition of Prospect.

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Prospect recommends: A World Observed 1940-1950

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A World Observed 1940-2010: Photographs by Dorothy Bohm Manchester Art Gallery, 24th April-30th August, Tel: 0161 235 8888 Surprisingly, this is photographer Dorothy Bohm's first proper retrospective. Though not a household name, Bohm has been an influential figure in British photography for ove

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Frank Horvat was an italian photographer who lived and worked in France. He was known to be a professional fashion photographer in the 1950s. He includes photojournalism, portraiture, landscape, nature, etc. Frank gives his audience time and space to reflect in this fast-paced world. 

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Frank Horvat, one of the founding fathers of French fashion photography, has died aged 92.

His reportage style, incorporating bustling street life into his shots of models and designers, helped shake up the genre and had a lasting effect on the fashion industry - even if this work disappointed his early mentor Henri Cartier-Bresson, who labelled it "pastiche".

Horvat was born in 1928 in what is now Opatija in Croatia, but at the time had been assigned to Italy and known as Abbazia. As a teenager, he traded a stamp collection for his first camera, before studying fine art at the Brera Academy in Milan. A meeting in 1950 with Cartier-Bresson in Paris proved pivotal to his photographic career, encouraging him to adopt the Leica camera and take a two-year trip to India, during which he experienced his first success. By the mid-1950s he had moved to Paris, working first as a photojournalist capturing the sleaze and squalor of the French capital, before turning to fashion photography, injecting what had become a staid genre with a similar dose of realism.

Of the models he photographed, he once said: "I was interested in women. I wanted to show what I liked about them. They would spend two hours in the makeup chair, and I'd try to get them to remove it so they'd look more natural." Horvat shot the first Givenchy fashion show, and frequently travelled to New York and London on commissions for Vogue, Harper's Bazaar and Elle.

His later work included branching into colour photography with projects such as his 1980s series New York Up & Down, which saw him turn his lens on the city's subway passengers and coffee shops. Horvat's work became so varied it was difficult to pigeonhole, covering everything from trees to sculpture to his own home in Provence. When his eyesight started to fail in one eye during the mid-80s, he began interviewing other photographers he admired, such as Don McCullin and Sarah Moon.

In a 2014 interview with the Guardian, Horvat talked about his early years shooting the seedier side of Paris and its nightlife. "The so-called humanist photographers heavily romanticised 1950s Paris," he said. "It didn't look like their shots. It was poor and dilapidated, sordid and dirty. But that kind of thing can make great photographs, too."

He also spoke of the changing photography scene, of which he had been a part for seven decades: "It isn't just the world that has changed - the very meaning of photography has changed, too. I used to try to take pictures of things that were special, but photography is everywhere now. And nothing is special any more."

Yet Horvat embraced much of photography's changes, including the advent of digital, social media and Photoshop, which he believed helped compensate for the loss of sight he had suffered. His latest book, Sidewalk, will be published on 26 October.

* This article was amended on 23 October 2020. In an earlier version, the headline incorrectly referred to Horvat as French; in addition, the article has been amended to clarify that his birthplace was the town of Opatija in Croatia, but at that time, it had been assigned to Italy and known as Abbazia.

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Frank Horvat, groundbreaking fashion photographer, dies aged 92

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Frank Horvat, one of the founding fathers of French fashion photography, has died aged 92. His reportage style, incorporating bustling street life into his shots of models and designers, helped shake up the genre and had a lasting effect on the fashion industry - even if this work disappointed his early mentor Henri Cartier-Bresson, who labelled it "pastiche".

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OJ Simpson's mugshot photos was taken by the Los Angeles Police Department. Time Magazine changed it "digitally" given him an "unshaven look" and making his "skin tones darker". Time Magazine was DELIBERATELY changing Simpson's appearance for him to look more "sinister". Altering the photo's appearance and changing skin tones repeatedly.

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REPRESENTATION:
In June of 1994, in the midst of OJ Simpson's murder trial, both TIME magazine and Newsweek featured Simpson's mugshot on their covers.

REALITY:
The two magazines were placed side by side on newsstands and the public immediately saw that TIME 's cover had considerably darkened Simpson's skin. The photo, representing a case already laced with racial tension, caused massive public outcry.

The editor of the magazine provided a public statement on America Online, claiming that "no racial implication was intended, by Time or by the artist." On newstands, the edition was quietly substituted with the unaltered image.

Photoillustrator Mat Mahurin, who was given the image to
"interpret," claimed his edits had no racial agenda. "Much like a stage director would lower the lights on a somber scene," he recalled in a book later published on the history of TIME magazine, "I used my long-established style to give the image a dramatic tone."

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TIME Magazine - OJ Simpson - ALTERED IMAGES

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REPRESENTATION:In June of 1994, in the midst of OJ Simpson's murder trial, both TIME magazine and Newsweek featured Simpson's mugshot on their covers. REALITY:The two magazines were placed side by side on newsstands and the public immediately saw that TIME 's cover had considerably darkened Simpson's skin.

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OJ Simpson's mugshot photos were darkened by Time Magazine. Creating a huge impact in today's history called "photoshop". Photoshopping OJ Simpson's photo on the right, which was darker. While the left side was lighter. With Time Magazine, the use of photoshop impacted in today's society and lately it was to manipulate portraits of celebrities'. Photoshop will criticize celebrities' and using for false ideas and for their beauty.

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The creativity of author, designer and publisher Ben Arogundade

HOW FAR SHOULD a magazine go in documenting the news? This question was raised in 1994 during the OJ Simpson murder case trial, when TIME deliberately darkened his mugshot on their cover. By Ben Arogundade. Sept. 20, 2019.

OJ SIMPSON'S TRIAL BY PHOTOSHOP: During his 1994 murder trial, Hollywood actor and former sports celebrity OJ Simpson appeared on the covers of the June 27, 1994 editions of both 'TIME' and 'Newsweek' magazine simultaneously. Controversy exploded across the news media after 'Time' deliberately darkened Simpson's mugshot to make him appear more sinister.

IT WAS BILLED AS THE TRIAL of the century - a true-life drama which produced 133 days of testimony, 126 witnesses and 857 exhibits entered as evidence. Watched by a global audience in excess of half a billion people, the trial of actor and ex-sports celebrity OJ Simpson for the murder of his wife Nicole, was estimated to have cost the American gross national product $40 million in lost productivity.

MAKING THE OJ SIMPSON NEWS

In the midst of the murder trial, on June 27, 1994, TIME and Newsweek magazines published the same cover image - a mugshot of Simpson obtained from the Los Angeles Police Department's records. But there was one glaring difference between the two cover portraits. While Newsweek used the unaltered mugshot photo of Simpson TIME digitally altered the image for their cover - darkening OJ Simpson's face in what some commentators claimed was a deliberate attempt by the magazine to demonise him. The photo manipulation of OJ's mugshot rendered his blackness both unequivocal and menacing, in a murder case already infused with race - with Simpson, the black defendant, accused of murdering his blonde white wife.

TIME & NEWSWEEK MAGAZINE COVER CONTRAST

The association of dark skin with innate evil has a long history, dating back to the early Christian Fathers of the third century. At the same time, within contemporary culture, dark skin is viewed as less attractive, particularly within the black and South Asian communities, where large quantities of skin-lightening creams are sold every year.

TIME magazine's controversial cover would probably have gone unnoticed if Newsweek's version had not appeared simultaneously, allowing readers to instantly compare the two mugshots of OJ. When the magazine cover was being put together, the bosses at TIME gave the mugshot photograph to graphic artist Matt Mahurin to "interpret". "I wanted to make it more artful, more compelling" he suggested, seemingly unaware of the racial dimension of what he was creating.

The use of Photoshop to manipulate portraits of celebrities has been questioned ever since the technology was first invented in 1990. Fashion magazines in particular have been criticised for using it to create false ideals of beauty, while in 2007 a nationwide debate took place in the American media after a heavily Photoshopped image of country singer Faith Hill was published alongside the original, un-retouched photograph.

OJ's DARK MUGSHOT DRAWS HEAT

In TIME's case, the magazine fielded a barrage of criticism from all quarters about its manipulation of OJ Simpson's mugshot for their cover. Their journalistic ethics were called into question - instead of unbiased reporting of the news, they were guilty of creating their own inauthentic version of it. TIME's managing editor during the period, James R. Gaines, stated that he regretted doctoring the cover photo, and that "no racial implication was intended, by TIME or by the artist."

In a rare about face, the backlash led to the company pulling the edition from the newsstands and replacing it with a revised cover. TIME's newsstand sales are small compared to its subscriber base, and so the original cover, with its darkened OJ mugshot, stayed in circulation throughout homes and offices - inadvertently becoming a collector's piece. Simpson was acquitted of the charge of murdering his wife, but was later jailed for nine years for armed robbery. He was released in 2017.

MUGSHOT MANIPULATION: Hollywood actor and ex-sports star OJ Simpson's original mugshot, and the Photoshopped version used on 'Time' magazine's June 27, 1994 cover, during the murder case trial.

*OJ SIMPSON MURDER CASE & TRIAL - ACCORDING TO GOOGLE SEARCH

The number of people worldwide who Google the question, "Was OJ Simpson guilty?" each month.

The number of people worldwide who Google the question, "Who is OJ Simpson?" each month.

The number of people worldwide who Google the phrase, "OJ Simpson news today 2019" each month.

*All figures for "OJ Simpson Murder Case & Trial - According to Google Search", supplied by Google. Stats include global totals for laptop and desktop computers and mobile devices.

OJ SIMPSON MURDER CASE DOCUMENTARY - PT. 1

What do 2 million fans want to know about the model and TV star?

Who is the Indian actress whose eye colour is Googled more times than Rihanna's?

© Arogundade, London Town 2020: Registered Office: 85 Great Portland Street, First Floor, London W1W 7LT

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OJ Simpson 1994 Murder Case Trial News: Magazine Cover Mugshot Picture Scandal

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The creativity of author, designer and publisher Ben Arogundade HOW FAR SHOULD a magazine go in documenting the news? This question was raised in 1994 during the OJ Simpson murder case trial, when TIME deliberately darkened his mugshot on their cover. By Ben Arogundade. Sept. 20, 2019.