# data[].attributes.body
International Seabed Authority (ISA), an international body set up in 1994 to control international seabed mining and associated practices outside national jurisdiction, a region encompassing much of the world's oceans. The ISA came into being after the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Laws of the Sea came into effect, That codified international law on territorial waters, sea-lanes, and resources of the ocean. The ISA is based in Jam, Kingston. The International Seabed Authority, made up of 167 Member States and the European Union, is required to coordinate, under the United Nations Convention on the Laws of the Sea, Both mineral-related operations in the international seabed region are monitored and managed for the good of humanity as a whole. In doing so, the ISA is obligated to ensure that the underwater ecosystem is adequately shielded from the adverse consequences that can result from deep-sea operations.

# data[].attributes.headline
International Seabed Regime in Southeast Asia

# data[].attributes.subject
International Seabed Regime in Southeast Asia

# data[].attributes.body
As seabed mining takes place internationally, it is recognized that any state, not only developed states but also new emerging states, have equal rights and opportunities to explore and exploit the seabed international area. One of the goals of ISA is to encourage international cooperation for the future growth of all countries, particularly developing countries. However, The participation of developing states remains inactive. For example, although some of its states depend on maritime resources, the ASEAN member state's role in exploring and exploiting seabed is still relatively low, such as Indonesia.

# data[].attributes.headline
Why International Seabed is Matter for Indonesia

# data[].attributes.subject
Why International Seabed is Matter for Indonesia

# data[].attributes.body
Indonesia's important role is to approve or signify a 15 year work plan in the form of a contract with the government and the private sector and outline activities, control exploration and exploitation activities in the area, prevent an environmental threat arising from seabed activities, issue emergency orders to prevent hazards including orders to suspend or adjust operations, play a role in various aspects of the regular functioning of the Authority, for example by proposing candidates for Secretary General, the life of the Authority, a budget for approval by the Assembly and making recommendations for assembly on any policy of a matter and Indonesia as a member in the International Sea Bed Authority also benefits from its membership, namely being able to access all documents related to the natural resources of the deep seafloor (Kawasan).

# data[].attributes.body
The solution that should be done is that Indonesia should not be influenced by the economic interests of a large maritime country by prioritizing the interests of developing countries, especially countries that are not coastal and Indonesia must be active in participating in the International Seabed Authority session which is held annually to find out developments regarding the potential for mining on the seabed as well as Indonesia should be more concentrated in the membership of the International Seabed Authority so that Indonesia's membership is not misused by developed countries.

# data[].attributes.headline
There are two key factors in why Indonesia performs a minimum role in seabed mining development:

# data[].attributes.subject
There are two key factors in why Indonesia performs a minimum role in seabed mining development:

# data[].attributes.headline
1. Lack of awareness on the development of the Law of the Sea

# data[].attributes.subject
1. Lack of awareness on the development of the Law of the Sea

# data[].attributes.body
As an archipelago country, Indonesia under President Joko Widodo declared to be a maritime axis portrays the situation of low awareness of maritime law. Indonesia is an example of an ASEAN member country that relies heavily on maritime resources, yet shows contradictions in its development. The lack of a thorough understanding of the current regulations in the Law of the Sea among officials, academics, and representatives of individuals has affected the lack of awareness in the development of seabed exploitation. Furthermore, the issue is also worsened with other institutional conflicts in the marine sector (Djalal, 2014).

# data[].attributes.body
This second factor is proved through Indonesia continues to depend on land resources as their major resource. While land resources have begun to deteriorate, Indonesia has not yet changed its attention towards oceans as alternative potential mineral resources. The inadequacy of technological advancement has also been a strong cause for Indonesia's failure to recognize seabed mining as a big concern.

# data[].attributes.headline
Environmental Threat From Seabed Exploitation

# data[].attributes.subject
Environmental Threat From Seabed Exploitation

# data[].attributes.body
Seabed mining is an experimental mining project that not only provides economic benefits but also causes an environmental threat. Many environment experts claimed there will be tremendous and inevitable environmental threats and effects to the seabed, such as seabed habitat degradation over vast ocean areas, species extinctions, reduced habitat complexity, slow and uncertain recovery, suspended sediment plumes, toxic plumes from surface ore dewatering, pelagic ecosystem impacts, undersea noise, ore and oil spills in transport, and more (greenpeace.org).

# data[].attributes.body
The first step that Indonesia should take to resolve the basic issues is to raise awareness of the law of the sea and the sea itself for officials, scholars, and the people themselves. Then, the significance and awareness of seabed mining could then be carried on to them which could be done by assigning more human resources to training programs and investment funds for seabed mining.

# data[].attributes.body
Second, is regarding ocean floor development requires substantially advanced technologies with costs that are inevitably high. There are many approaches that Indonesia can undertake to address these problems, such as setting up a cooperation mechanism between ASEAN Member States or making use of the Enterprise when it is taken into consideration as an ISA financial advisor.

# data[].attributes.body
Nugroho, A. S., & Putranti, I. R. International Seabed Regime in Southeast Asia: The Lack of ASEAN Member States’ Role in Seabed Mining. Indonesian Perspective

Osaemedike-Okeke, N. (2014). IMPLICATION FOR FREEDOM OF THE HIGH SEA. INTERNATIONAL SEABED AUTHORITY, 3-26.