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Merrimack also known as CSS Virginia
History's first duel between ironclad warships
Confederate effort to break the Union blockade of Southern ports
Battle was a draw
Started a new era in naval warfare

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Seven Days Battle
- Robert E. Lee's entrance to the main stage of the Civil War
- Lee's First major victory
- Set back the Union forces for a year

The Battle of Antietam
- The Bloodiest single day of the Civil War
- Draw - no clear winner
- Finally a good North outcome
- Gives Lincoln opportunity for the Emancipation Proclamation
- Shuts the door - European nations will not help South
September 22nd - Emancipation Proclamation
Freed Slaves in South (1/1/1863)  - No jurisdiction
Military Decree - Free Blacks and runaways join the Army

Ulysses S. Grant put in charge of all Union Forces
Aggressive strategy - going bleed Lee's forces to nothing
Nickname - The Butcher

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NORTH’S STRATEGY

Split the Confederacy into 2

Naval Blockade to prevent trade/supplies

Take the Capital of Richmond

Hire Robert E. Lee

SOUTH’S STRATEGY

Defensive War - Wear out the North

Get help from England and other European Countries

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April 1865: Lincoln is Assassinated
John Wilkes Booth assassinated Lincoln during play at Ford Theater
Puts end to Lincoln's reconstruction plan
- Rebuild the South - focus on society and economy and amnesty
- 13th Amendment - Free the slaves (beginning of civil rights movement)
"Malice to none with charity towards all"

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U.S remains united
Strengthen the federal government
1.5 million casualties / 620,000 dead
4 million slaves freed
13th Amendment - abolishing slavery
3 Holidays - Mothers Day, Thanksgiving, Memorial Day (Decoration Day)

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1863 - August - September - Fall of Atlanta
Key - Captured South's major manufacturing center and railroad hub
Helps Lincoln's re-election effort (vs. Former General McClellan - he fired him)

1863- November - Sherman's March to the Sea
60,000 soldiers march through Georgia
Terrorized, lived off land, used Confederate supplies
Spread fear by destruction of property

1864 - April - Battle of Appomattox Court House, Virginia
Lee surrenders to Grant
Not official end to war
Served as a blueprint for the surrender of the remaining
Confederate forces in the South
Confederate soldiers will be paroled, sent home with belongings
Generous terms

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3 days long - Lee tries to invade North
Turning Point in the War
Confederate Army dominates the first day
- Cemetery Ridge
- Little Round Top
Devil's Ridge
- Picket's Charge - Huge Failure
Four months later - Gettysburg Address

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North already has control of New Orleans
Union gains control over Mississippi River
South loses main transportation route
Splits the Confederacy in half

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Freed Salves in South (January 1, 1863)
Military De ree - Free blacks and runaways join the army

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WEAPONS
Rifle Barrels vs. linear military tactics
MEDICINE
- Hygiene / treatment of disease
3 things you wouldn't see in today's hospital
1. Blood everywhere
2. Open surgery
3. Dirty tools
PHOTOGRAPHY & CAMERA
Published pictures made the war very real

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More People - 22 million in North vs. 9 million in South (3.5 million were slaves)
90% of goods were made in North
- Textiles (cloth)
- Shoes
- Iron production
- Firearms/artillery
Railroad - 20,000 miles of tracks vs. 10,000 miles in South
Armies - 2 million vs. 900,000

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Each state had its own agenda / focus on self and not the Confederacy
Jefferson Davis elected president
Capital - 1861 Montgomery, Alabama. After 1861 - Richmond, Virginia. 1865 - Looking to move South.
First 3 Years dominated by Confederate victories
Better military leadership (Lee, Stonewall Jackson, P.G.T Beauregard, J.E.B Stewart.
South had to "outlast" the Northern efforts (similar to American Revolution)
Defend your home - Very motivating
Southern armies very familiar with the land.

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Over 650,000 Casualties
Deadlier - American Rev., WWI, WWII, & Vietnam continued

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Eleven states seceded from Union
Border States (Slave states that didn't leave)
Kentucky - Controlled Ohio River
Missouri - Gateway to the West
Maryland - North of the Capital (D.C)
Delaware
New state formed - West Virginia

FIRST FOCUS - Keep the Union together Later - Free the Slaves