# data[].attributes.body
John Brown's Raid on Harpers Ferry
October 16-18, 1859

On the evening of October 16, 1859 John Brown, a staunch abolitionist, and a group of his supporters left their farmhouse hide-out en route to Harpers Ferry. Descending upon the town in the early hours of October 17th, Brown and his men captured prominent citizens and seized the federal armory and arsenal. Brown had hopes that the local slave population would join the raid and through the raid's success weapons would be supplied to slaves and freedom fighters throughout the country; this was not to be. First held down by the local militia in the late morning of the 17th, Brown took refuge in the arsenal's engine house. However, this sanctuary from the fire storm did not last long, when in the late afternoon US Marines under Colonel Robert E. Lee arrived and stormed the engine house, killing many of...

John Brown's Raid on Harpers Ferry
October 16-18, 1859

On the evening of October 16, 1859 John Brown, a staunch abolitionist, and a group of his supporters left their farmhouse hide-out en route to Harpers Ferry. Descending upon the town in the early hours of October 17th, Brown and his men captured prominent citizens and seized the federal armory and arsenal. Brown had hopes that the local slave population would join the raid and through the raid's success weapons would be supplied to slaves and freedom fighters throughout the country; this was not to be. First held down by the local militia in the late morning of the 17th, Brown took refuge in the arsenal's engine house. However, this sanctuary from the fire storm did not last long, when in the late afternoon US Marines under Colonel Robert E. Lee arrived and stormed the engine house, killing many of the raiders and capturing Brown. Brown was quickly placed on trial and charged with treason against the state of Virginia, murder, and slave insurrection. Brown was sentenced to death for his crimes and hanged on December 2, 1859.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
John Brown Assessed 150 Years After Harpers Ferry Raid

# data[].attributes.body
Harriet Beecher Stowe was an American author and abolitionist, most famous for authoring Uncle Tom's Cabin in 1852.

Harriet was born on June 14, 1811, in Litchfield, Connecticut. She had four siblings, including her brother, the famous abolitionist preacher Henry Ward Beecher. After enrolling in a seminary run by her sister, Harriet moved to Cincinnati, Ohio to be with her father who was the president of Lane Theological Seminary. In 1836, she married Calvin Ellis Stowe, a professor at the seminary and outspoken abolitionist. Together, they had seven children and housed several runaway slaves as part of the Underground Railroad. They eventually moved to Brunswick, Maine, where Calvin became a professor at Bowdoin College.

After the passage of the 1850 Fugitive Slave Act, Harriet published her first installment of Uncle Tom's Cabin in an antislavery journal known as The Era.Uncle Tom's Cabin was an antislavery novel, fully published in 1852, that illustrated the horrors of slavery in the Southern United States. The book was meant to convince Northern readers of the urgency in ending slavery. The story was so powerful, and so polarizing, that it had a significant effect on sectional relations in the United States, and is often considered one of the causes of the deterioration in relations between the North and South. Slavery advocates were outraged by the novel, many of whom claimed it to be utterly false. The book was wildly popular in England, where over 1.5 million copies eventually circulated.

Harriet Beecher Stowe quickly became a household name and Uncle Tom's Cabin became the best selling novel, and second best-selling book in the 19th Century - it was only outsold by the Bible. Stowe's book helped fuel the abolitionist cause and Abraham Lincoln is sometimes quoted as saying "So you're the little lady that started this great war!" upon their meeting at the start of the Civil War.

After Uncle Tom's Cabin, Harriet wrote many other books. For 23 years prior to her death, she lived next door to the famous author Mark Twain in Hartford, Connecticut. Today, the house is preserved as the Harriet Beecher Stowe House. There is also a Harriet Beecher Stowe House in Brunswick, Maine, where her famous novel was written. She died on July 1, 1896.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Uncle Tom's Cabin, Cause for American Civil War

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
We have been restructuring the database and the organization of Digital History for the past three years, and we feel this makeover will significantly improve the usability of our materials. In our new interface, materials are organized by era, so users will easily be able to view many different types of resources for a particular era such as the textbook, images, primary sources, multimedia and teacher materials.

# data[].attributes.body
Use textbook in the classroom; pages 134-159.

# data[].attributes.headline
Was the Civil War about Slavery or States Rights?

# data[].attributes.subject
Was the Civil War about Slavery or States Rights?

# data[].attributes.body
The Civil War was a war about disagreements that North and South had about states rights, tariffs (taxes),sectionalism and slavery. The southern states wanted to be able to choose what their laws would be. The law or the "right" that they were most concerned about was slavery. They were worried about losing their rights, unfair taxes and tariffs and the ability for their states to control themselves, but they were mostly worried about slavery and the billions of dollars of income it brought to the south. Watch the video to the right to learn more.

# data[].attributes.body
Ø  Ideals-a person’s standards

Ø  Civil War- a war between citizens of the same country

Ø  Slavery-the ownership of a group of people by another group of people

Ø  Sectionalism-loyalty to one part of the country

Ø  Underground Railroad-an organized, secret system that helped enslaved people escape

from the South to freedom in the North and Canada

Ø  Abolitionists-a group of people who were against slavery.  They helped slaves escape, spoke out against slavery, and published articles against slavery.

# data[].attributes.body
SS5H1 The student will explain the causes, major events and consequences of the Civil War.
a. Identify Uncle Tom's Cabin and John Brown's Raid on Harper's Ferry and explain how each of these events was related to the Civil War.
b. Discuss how the issue of states' rights and slavery increased tensions between the North and South.