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What happened to the native populations after the Spanish ¨conquistadors¨arrived?
- The native people  were killed, mainly by disease form the conquistadors. After, the numbers of the natives declined significantly.

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The difference between Latino and Hispanic is that the term Hispanic focuses on those of Spanish and Spanish speaking origin, which means that Brazil is not included because it is a Portuguese speaking country. Latino is applied to those of Latin American origin, meaning language makes no difference, Brazil is included and Spain is not in this case because it is strictly geographical. Spanish is a language and also describes people from Spain.

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Many people are a "Mestizo" which is an indigenous mixture of African, European. Latinos from Latin America are called indigenous.

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National Hispanic heritage month was created in 1968 to celebrate the heritage of all Hispanic people in the United States

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Several US state names are derived from the Spanish language. Name 3 and their meanings.

Nevada is derived from the Spanish language meaning snow covered mountain range. Colorado is from the Spanish representing, "ruddy" or "red." Montana  is from the Spanish word meaning "mountain"

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Which Latin American countries have the highest Afro-Latino populations? Why?

The countries with the most Afro-Latino population are Brazil, Venezuela, Dominican Republic, Columbia, Cuba, Ecuador, and Mexico. The reason for this is the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade. During the boom of European colonialism, hundreds of thousands of slaves were transported from Africa and brought to Latin American countries. Over time they lost their original culture and are now assimilated within Latin American Culture.

http://www.pbs.org/wnet/black-in-latin-america/essays/essay-why-it-is-necessary-that-all-afro-descendants-of-latin-america-the-caribbean-and-north-american-know-each-other-more/163/

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Which 3 US states have the highest hispanic population?

The three states with the highest hispanic populations are California, Texas, and Florida.

http://www.pewhispanic.org/2013/08/29/ii-ranking-latino-populations-in-the-states/

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The term Mestizaje comes from people of European and indigenous descent, and also those from Africa and their children born in the Americas.

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T he residents of Spanish America were divided by, and at times fascinated by, ethnicity. While people distinguished and explained differences among themselves in a variety of ways, they also relied upon visual culture to play a role in defining-and often repressing-these distinctions.

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Which 5 US cities have the highest Hispanic population?
New York, N.Y. has 2.27 million people out of their 8.3 million total population.

Los Angeles, California has a 1.8 million Hispanic population but 3.8 million total population.

Houston, Texas had a Hispanic population of 908,000 out of their total 2.19 million.

San Antonio, Texas has a Hispanic population 807,000 out of their 1.32 million.

Lastly,  Chicago, Illinois with a Hispanic population of 774,000 out of their 2.8 million total population.
https://www.usnews.com/news/slideshows/11-cities-with-the-most-hispanics

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What events are happening in our area to commemorate Hispanic Heritage month?
We learn about Hispanic American culture in the classroom and do activities with the students. There are also various facilities in which you can explore more of the Hispanic Culture

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What civilizations were already in existence when the Spaniards arrive in the New World?

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What civilizations were already in existence when the Spaniards arrive in the New World?

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When the Spaniards arrived, the Maya, Aztec, and Inca civilizations were in the Americas. The Maya civilization was located in present-day Guatemala. The Aztecs were located in northern Mesomerican and are most known for their development of the city Tenochtilan. Finally, the Incas were located in Peru.

Kailee Zeltner
Sources:
http://www.history.com/topics/maya
http://www.ancient.eu/Aztec_Civilization/
http://www.history.com/topics/inca
http://www.ancient.eu/Aztec_Civilization/

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Pre-Columbian Civilization - New World Encyclopedia

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With the decline of the Toltec civilization came political fragmentation in the Valley of Mexico. Into this new political game of contenders for the Toltec throne stepped outsiders: The Mexica. They were also a proud desert people, one of seven groups who formerly called themselves "Azteca," in memory of Aztlán, but they changed their name after years of migrating.

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Who was Ellen Ochoa, and what significant advances did she make? Ellen Ochoa was the first ever Hispanic female astronaut in 1991. She received her master and doctorate of degrees from Stanford University. She was selected by NASA in 1990 and became a specialist/flight engineer.  Ochoa has been on 4 space flights, totaling 950 hours in space. https://www.biography.com/people/ellen-ochoa-10413023

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Where is Latin America? What countries/area of the world does it include?

Latin America consists of Central and South America. Some of the major countries in it are Mexico, Brazil, Columbia, Peru, and Nicaragua.
https://www.mapsofworld.com/usa/maps/latin-america.jpg

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Who was César Chávez, and what made him an influential Hispanic American?

Chávez was a union leader and labor organizer from 1927 - 1993. As a child, he lived in CA and worked as a migrant farmer. He founded the National Farmers Work Association, and he stressed nonviolent boycotts, marches, and strikes. His grape boycott received national attention and lead to reforms in the migrant worker industries.
http://www.history.com/topics/cesar-chavez

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Post information (date/time/location/cost) for the Charlotte Latin American Festival.

The Charlotte Latin American Festival takes place on October 14th at the Symphony Park at the South Park Mall. It's from 12 pm to 8 pm and cost $10 to get in, except for children 8 and under who get in free.
https://10times.com/latin-american-festival
http://www.latinamericancoalition.org/festivallatinoamericano/about

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What languages do Latinos and people from Latin America speak?

The main languages spoken are Spanish, Portuguese, and English. Spanish is the most popular language in Latin America. Portuguese is mostly spoken in Brazil and English is mostly spoken were tourism is popular.
http://traveltips.usatoday.com/languages-latin-americans-speak-22661.html

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Corey Seidenspinner: What languages do Latinos and people from Latin America speak? 

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Corey Seidenspinner: What languages do Latinos and people from Latin America speak? 

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Latinos speak Spanish as well as anyone in Latin America. http://traveltips.usatoday.com/languages-latin-americans-speak-22661.html

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Which US states once belonged to Mexico? When did they become part of the US?

US states that once belonged to Mexico include California, Utah, Nevada, and parts of Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, and Wyoming. They became part of the US in 1848 because of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.

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When does Hispanic Heritage Month take place? Why are those the dates?
Hispanic Heritage Month starts on September 15 - October 15. On September 15 or 16, several Hispanic countries such as Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua achieved their independence as a stand-alone country. US Representative Esteban Torres submitted a bill to extend the celebration to a month, thus why it ends on October 15.

Sources:
https://www.hispanicheritagemonth.org/
http://history.house.gov/HistoricalHighlight/Detail/15032398402

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There were 55.6 million Hispanics in the USA in 2015. This made up 17.6% of the total population.

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What are the 3 largest Hispanic origin groups living in the U.S.?

The 3 largest Hispanic origin groups living the U.S. are Mexicans, Puerto Ricans, and Cubans

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Pew Research Center's Hispanic Trends Project

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I. Overview

Among the 50.7 million Hispanics in the United States, nearly two-thirds (65%), or 33 million, self-identify as being of Mexican origin, according to tabulations of the 2010 American Community Survey (ACS) by the Pew Hispanic Center, a project of the Pew Research Center. No other Hispanic subgroup rivals the size of the Mexican-origin population. Puerto Ricans, the nation's second largest Hispanic origin group, make up just 9% of the total Hispanic population in the 50 states and the District of Columbia.

Overall, the 10 largest Hispanic origin groups-Mexicans, Puerto Ricans, Cubans, Salvadorans, Dominicans, Guatemalans, Colombians, Hondurans, Ecuadorians and Peruvians-make up 92% of the U.S. Hispanic population. Six Hispanic origin groups have populations greater than 1 million.

Hispanic origin groups differ from each other in a number of ways. For instance, U.S. Hispanics of Mexican origin have the lowest median age, at 25 years, while Hispanics of Cuban origin have the highest median age, at 40 years. Colombians are the most likely to have a college degree (32%) while Salvadorans are the least likely (7%). Ecuadorians have the highest annual median household income ($50,000) while Dominicans have the lowest ($34,000). Half of Hondurans do not have health insurance-the highest share among Hispanic origin groups. By contrast, just 15% of Puerto Ricans do not have health insurance.

Top Regions and Counties

Hispanic subgroups also differ in their states, regions and counties of geographic concentration. Mexicans, Salvadorans and Guatemalans are largely concentrated in western states, while Cubans, Colombians, Hondurans and Peruvians are largely concentrated in the South. The largest numbers of Puerto Ricans, Dominicans and Ecuadorians are in the Northeast.

The nation's Cuban population is the most concentrated. Nearly half (48%) live in one county-Miami-Dade County in Florida. Miami-Dade County is also home to the nation's largest Colombian, Honduran and Peruvian communities.

For Mexicans, Salvadorans and Guatemalans, Los Angeles County in California contains each group's largest community. Los Angeles County alone contains 9% of the nation's Hispanic population. Bronx County in New York contains the largest Puerto Rican and Dominican populations. And Queens County in New York contains the largest Ecuadorian population.

Changes since 2000

This report also includes an analysis of changes in the characteristics of the 10 largest Hispanic origin groups from 2000 to 2010.

During the decade, the foreign-born share of each major Hispanic origin group declined. Among all Hispanics, the share foreign born fell from 40% in 2000 to 37% in 2010. Meanwhile the share holding U.S. citizenship increased from 71% in 2000 to 74% in 2010. Among all foreign-born Hispanics, the share holding U.S. citizenship increased from 28% in 2000 to 29% in 2010.

Hispanics have made gains in terms of their educational attainment during the decade. In each of the 10 groups, the share ages 25 and older with a college degree increased. Among all Hispanics, the share with a college degree increased from 10% in 2000 to 13% in 2010.

Defining Hispanic Origin

Hispanic origin is based on self-described family ancestry or place of birth in response to a question on the Census Bureau's American Community Survey. Ancestry is not necessarily the same as the place of birth of the respondent, nor is it indicative of immigrant or citizenship status. For example a U.S. citizen born in Los Angeles of Mexican immigrant parents or grandparents may (or may not) identify his or her Hispanic origin as Mexico. Likewise, some immigrants born in Mexico may identify another country as their origin depending on the place of birth of their ancestors.

However, most Hispanic origin groups had lower median household incomes in 2010 than in 2000 (adjusted to 2010 dollars). Overall, median household income among Hispanics fell from $43,100 in 2000 to $40,000 in 2010-a decrease of 7%. And the share living in poverty increased two percentage points, from 23% in 2000 to 25% in 2010. Among all U.S. households, median household income (in 2010 dollars) fell from $54,200 in 2000 to $49,800 in 2010-a drop of $4,400 or 8%. The poverty rate for all Americans increased by three percentage points over the same period.

Hispanics are the nation's largest minority group, representing 16.4% of the U.S. population. By comparison, non-Hispanic blacks, who are the nation's second largest minority group, represent 12.3% of the nation's population and non-Hispanic Asians rank third at 4.7%.

Hispanics are also the nation's largest immigrant group and one of its fastest growing populations. According to the Census Bureau, Hispanic population growth between 2000 and 2010 accounted for more than half of the nation's population growth ( Passel, Cohn and Lopez, 2011). Among the nation's 40 million immigrants, nearly half (47%) are Hispanic ( Pew Hispanic Center, 2012).

2011). Among the nation's 40 million immigrants, nearly half (47%) are Hispanic ( Pew Hispanic Center, 2012).

This report compares the 10 largest Hispanic origin groups in the U.S. on several characteristics. In addition, accompanying this report are 10 statistical profiles -one for each Hispanic origin group. Each statistical profile describes the demographic, employment and income characteristics of a Hispanic origin population residing in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. The characteristics of an origin group are also compared with all Hispanics and the U.S. population overall.

This report uses data from the 2010 American Community Survey (ACS), the 2010 U.S. Census and the 2000 U.S. Census (5% IPUMS). The accompanying Hispanic origin profiles use data from the 2010 ACS.

About this Report

This report examines the Hispanic population of the United States by its 10 largest origin groups.

The data for this report are derived from the 2010 American Community Survey (1% IPUMS), which provides detailed geographic, demographic and economic characteristics for each group. The 2000 Census (5% IPUMS) provides data for comparisons in the summary.

Accompanying this report are profiles of the 10 largest Hispanic origin groups- Mexicans, Puerto Ricans, Salvadorans, Cubans, Dominicans, Guatemalans, Colombians, Hondurans, Ecuadorians and Peruvians. Also accompanying this report is an interactive graphic ranking these groups on several characteristics.

About the Authors

Seth Motel is a research assistant at the Pew Hispanic Center. Motel earned his B.A. in political science from Brown University.

Eileen Patten is a research assistant at the Pew Hispanic Center. Patten earned her B.A. in sociology and English from the University of Michigan.

Acknowledgements

The authors thank Paul Taylor for editorial guidance. Mark Lopez and Rakesh Kochhar provided comments. Antonio Rodriguez checked numbers in the report. Molly Rohal was the copy editor.

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The 10 Largest Hispanic Origin Groups: Characteristics, Rankings, Top Counties

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Among the 50.7 million Hispanics in the United States, nearly two-thirds (65%), or 33 million, self-identify as being of Mexican origin, according to tabulations of the 2010 American Community Survey (ACS) by the Pew Hispanic Center, a project of the Pew Research Center. No other Hispanic subgroup rivals the size of the Mexican-origin population.

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Who was Jaime Escalante, and what did he do that was important?

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Who was Jaime Escalante, and what did he do that was important?

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Jaime Escalante was a calculus teacher from Bolivia that was known for teaching troubled students who weren't as talented in the math subject.  Due to his teaching, many of these students ended up passing advanced placement tests that otherwise, they may have not passed.
source: https://www.biography.com/people/jaime-escalante-189368
Kennedy Cox

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Rachel: What are U.S Cities that have a Spanish Origin?

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Rachel: What are U.S Cities that have a Spanish Origin?

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U.S cities that have a Spanish origin are, Sacramento, San Antonio,  Saint Augustine, Buena Vista, Santa Fe, Santa Cruz,  and Rio Grande.
http://www.designing-america.com/contenido/spanish-cities-in-the-united-states/?lang=en

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Roberto Clemente was a professional baseball player that played on the Pittsburgh Pirates for 18 seasons and conducted in the Hall of fame in 1973.  https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/c/clemero01.shtml