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Jamestown's Colony

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where the first american settled

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making their own laws

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Christopher Columbus coming into the Caribbean Island

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Where the Bering Strait Land Bridge is

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In 1621,the Pilgrims invited the Indians to share their first harvest in a three-day feast of Thanksgiving.

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What European gave to Americans and what Americans gave to the European during the Columbian Exchange.

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All the colonies were settled with the permission of the king of England. For each colony, the king issued a charter, a formal document that outlined the colony's geographic boundaries and specified how it would be governed. Because the colonies were so far away so far away from England, however they need to be able to make their own laws and keep peace and order. The colonies developed different forms of government, depending on the settlement's purpose. Most of the colonies were self-governing.
Colonists elected member of their community to a general assembly, which made laws. Many colonies also had a governor appointed by the king. Some colonies also had councils, groups of men who respected the English Businessmen involved in starting the colony. In Massachusetts, religious colonists established a theocracy, a government whose leaders ruled in the name of God.

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The Mayflower Compact was an agreement that Pilgrims wrote and signed describing how they would govern themselves in the Americas. The Separatists wanted to separate from the English church and form their own congregations. When the king began jailing Separatists for not attending Anglican services, some moved to Holland, where they could practice their religion freely.
But Holland wasn't home, and the Separatists wanted their children to grow up in an English culture. o about 102 Separatists set sail for America aboard the Mayflower. The Separatists were called Pilgrims because they traveled for religious reasons. The Pilgrims hoped to build their idea of a perfect society in America. During their voyage, they signed an agreement called the Mayflower Compact that described the way they govern themselves in Americas.

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Reasons for colonial settlement in the English colonies 

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Reasons for colonial settlement in the English colonies 

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Twenty years went by before a permanent English colony was established in America. In 1607, a group of merchants formed the London Company to start a moneymaking colony in Virginia. The settlers were to ship back valuable goods such as furs and timber.
When they reached Virginia, the settled on a swampy peninsula they believed they could be easily defended against American Indians or Spanish ships. What they didn't know was that the spot they choose to settle would soon be swarming with disease-carrying mosquitoes. Also, none of them knew much about farming.

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As Europeans learned about the world beyond Europe, they became eager to explore these far-off lands. Then, one of the people who was inspired by Marco Polo's writing was an Italian seaman named Christopher Columbus. When he study maps of the world he became convinced that the shortest route to the Indians lay to the west, across the Atlantic Ocean.          Columbus convinced the king and queen of Spain to sponsor a voyage. In August 1492, Columbus sailed west with three small ships. After a month at sea they found a small island that we now call the Caribbean Sea. But he mistakenly believing that he had reached the Indians, so he called the people Indians. Then he claimed the land for Spain and named it San Salvador.

Columbus made four trips to the Caribbean finding more islands, as well as the continent of South America. After that Columbus died still believing he had found Asia. But after Columbus voyage Spain began sending solders called conquistadors to vast empire for Spain.

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The Columbian Exchange is a voyage of Columbus triggered a great transfer of people, plants, animals, and diseases back and forth across the Atlantic Ocean.
The Columbian Exchange brought valuable new crops such as corn, potatoes, and squash to Europe.
But for the American Indians the Europeans brought germs that caused smallpox and other diseases deadly to Indians. Europeans diseases wiped out 90% of the native population.
The high death rate contributed to the introduced African slaves to the American. Slavery had existed around the world since the ancient times because the losing side in wars were enslaved.
Then they began shipping the Europeans slaves to the Caribbean for sale.

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American Indians lived in variety of places from snowy forests to dry deserts and vast grasslands. The Indians learned to use the natural resources in their environment for food, clothing, and shelter.
In the regions far north, early Americans survived by hunting caribou in the summer and sea mammals in the winter. They fashioned warm hooded clothing from animal skins. To avoid being blinded by the glare of the sun shining in the snow, they made goggles out of bones with slits to see though.
In warmer climates, Indians gathered wild plants. Then, about 7,000 years ago, they learned to raise crops such as squash, chili peppers, beans, and corn. Growing their own food enabled them to settle in one place instead of following animals or searching for edible plants in the wild. These early farmers built the first villagers and towns in America.

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30,000 years ago, the temperatures fell and covered most of the earth with glaciers. The glaciers uncovered a wide bridge of land between Asia and North America that they call Beringia.
In the summer the grassland attracted Asian mammoths that slowly spread eastward, generations of Siberia hunters families followed. Eventually perhaps between 10,000 to 20,000 years ago some of the hunters reached America. But then the hunters followed the animals south where the fresh grass was. After about 10,000 years the earth warmed up, the glaciers melted and ocean rose so the land bridge disappeared.