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The Metropolitan Museum of Art, i.e. The Met Museum

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Édouard Manet | The Monet Family in Their Garden at Argenteuil | The Met

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The Painting: In the summer of 1874, Edouard Manet was living and working in the suburbs of Paris alongside his younger Impressionist friends.

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Primary Image

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The war was conflict between France and Prussia that signaled the rise of German military power and imperialism. It was provoked by Otto von Bismarck (the Prussian chancellor) as part of his plan to create a unified German Empire.

Prussian troops marching past the Arc de Triomphe in Paris during the the Franco-Prussian War, undated illustration.

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Claude Monet( 1840-1926); The Key Feature

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Claude Monet( 1840-1926); The Key Feature

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Claude Monet was a key individual within the Impressionist movement that transformed French painting in the 2nd half of the 19th century. Throughout his lengthy career, Monet consistently captured the landscape and day to day activities of life in Paris and its surrounding area as well as the Normandy coastline.

He led the way to 20th century modernism by developing a unique style that attempt to capture on canvas the very act of perceiving nature.Raised in Normandy, Monet was introduced to plein-air - meaning open air - painting by Eugène Boudin, who was known for his paintings of the region’s Channel coast, and then afterward informally studied with Dutch landscapist Johan Jongkind.

When he was 22 years old, Monet joined the Paris studio of the academic history painter Charles Gleyre. His classmates included Auguste Renoir, Frédéric Bazille, and other painters who would later become Impressionists.

Monet came upon subjects surrounded by his immediate surroundings by painting the people and places he knew very well. His first wife, Camille, and his second wife, Alice, regularly served as models. His landscapes chart journeys around the north of France to London, which is where he escaped the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–71. Returning to France, Monet moved first to Argenteuil, and continued to move from place to place until finally settling in the rural Giverny in 1883.

His homes and gardens became  a known gathering area for friends, including  other artists such as Manet and Renoir, who often painted alongside Monet. He brought a vibrant brightness to his works by using unmediated colors, adding a range of tones to his shadows and preparing canvases with light-colored primers instead of the traditional dark grounds used for landscape paintings.

During the 1910s and ’20s, Monet focused almost entirely on the water-lily pond that he created in his back garden. His final series portrays the pond in a set of massive canvases where abstract renderings of plant and water emerge from broad strokes of color and complex textures. Not long after Monet died the French government mounted his last water-lily series in specially constructed galleries at the Orangerie in Paris, where they still remain to this day.

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Book Scan

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Impressionism, meaning making an impression of something, was cultivated by Claude Monet and other Parisian artists beginning in the 1860s. This movement was meant to show the simple things in life such as cooking, sleeping and bathing.

It can be argued that the process of painting on the spot could have been pioneered in Britain by John Constable around 1813–17 through his desire to paint nature in a realistic way.

Artists painted outdoors and on the spot, rather than in a studio from sketches or models. As they were outside, they looked at how light and colour changed the scenes. Impressionists realized that they could capture day to day life using the fleeting effects of sunlight by working quickly, in front of their subjects, out in the open. This resulted in a greater awareness of light, colour and the shifting pattern of a natural moving scene. Brushwork also became rapid and separated into quick dabs in order to paint the brief quality of light as quickly as possible. This rushed way of painting contradicted the smoothly blended somber colors of standard French painting and replaced by separate touches of vibrantly contrasting colors directly onto the canvas without prior mixing on the palette.

The first group exhibition was in Paris in 1874 and included work by Monet, Auguste Renoir, Edgar Degas and Paul Cezanne. The work shown was greeted with disdain with Monet’s “Sunrise” particularly singled out for mockery and giving its name, then used by critics as an insult accusing the group of paintings as nothing but impressions . Seven further exhibitions were then held at different intervals until 1886.

Other core artists of impressionism were Camille Pissarro, Berthe Morisot and Auguste Renoir, with Edgar Degas and Edouard Manet also often associated with the movement.

Although originating in France, impressionism had great influence overseas. Core British impressionists included Walter Richard Sickert and Wilson Steer.

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Starry Night by Vincent van Gogh has risen to the peak of artistic achievements. Although Van Gogh only sold one painting in his life, the aftermath is extremely vast. Starry Night is one of the most well known images in modern culture as well as being one of the most replicated prints. From a song written based on the painting by Don McLean called "Vincent", to the endless number of merchandise products sporting this image including t shirts, it is nearly impossible to shy away from this amazing painting.

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Though he rejected the label of being an impressionist, Degas contributed significantly to the movement with his depictions of moments in modern Parisian life. This included theatres, cafés, and, most famously, ballet studios. As his practice in the arts began to evolve, he developed a deep-rooted interest in the poses and how ballet dancers moved, creating roughly 1,500 impressions of dancers spanning his whole career.

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Edgar Degas, 1871–1874

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Claude Monet, 1899

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Vincent van Gogh, 188