# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Coca-Cola: Delicious & Tasty! (Coke Nepal 2019)

# data[].attributes.body
1. Groups of 2
2. A cap of 4 materials are allowed for the experiment.
- 3 standard materials are provided for each group:
- 1 sheet of aluminum foil (0.5 m)
- 500 ml of cotton wool
- 2 big sheets of newspapers
- Up to 2 additional material to be proposed and provided by individual group.

# data[].attributes.body
Key in the materials to be used (cap at 4) and reasons.
e.g.
Cotton wool
- Both cotton wool and the trapped air in the cotton wool is a poor conductor of heat. It reduces heat gain from the surrounding by conduction.

# data[].attributes.body
-Cooler Bag
The shiny inner surface of the cooler bag allows heat to be radiated harder and keeps the inner contents cold. Furthermore, the foam layer in the middle of the silver surfaces prevents heat from seeping to the outer layer and keeps the surrounding cold or heat from reaching the bag’s contents. This ensures the temperature of the Coke to not decrease much.
-Ice pack mixed with salt
Ice and salt first dissolves in liquid water that is always present on the surface, thereby lowering its freezing point below the ice's temperature, making it very cold which can be able to sustain the coldness of the Coke for 10 minutes. Salt with Ice is also below freezing point, which is cooler than normal ice, which is more effective.Salty ice water can get much colder than regular water, though. While salty 0°F ice will still melt, its temperature won't increase to 32°F like it would in regular water.This ensures less heat gain which benefits to the coldness of the Coke.
-Newspapers(Provided)
The newspaper is a thermal insulator. It will take heat longer to pass through the air due to the particles being slightly far apart. This ensures the coldness of the Coke to be retained when the newspaper is wrapped around it.
-Aluminium Foil (Provided)
Aluminium foil trap air which also stops heat conducting through the cold substance(Coke) as easily keeping it frozen. Aluminium foil is a great reflector of heat radiation, which makes it perfect for keeping things cold and retaining temperature.

# data[].attributes.body
Newspapers(Given)
Newspapers are poor conductors of heat which allows the coke to remain cold for a longer time as being a poor conductor of heat means that it transfers heat slowly

Aluminium foil(Given)
Aluminium foil is shiny and has a smooth texture with white surface which makes it a poor radiator of heat, this in turn makes the aluminium foil a poor absorber of heat, this in turn allows it to keep the coke cool.

cotton wool(because i didn't bring ice)
cotton wool is a poor conductor of heat while also helping to trap air which makes greatly reduces the rate of heat game, this will slow down the transfer of heat from the surroundings to the coke

# data[].attributes.body
EDITED BY MDM YEO :)

Aluminum foil (provided)
Aluminum foil has a shiny and smooth surface, making it a poor radiator (SHOULD BE ABSORBER because the surroundings is of higher temperature than the coke) of heat. This means that the can that is wrapped up will loose heat slower and stay cool for a longer period of time BY RADIATION.

Cotton wool (provided)
Cotton wool is a non metal, which makes it a poor conductor of heat. This causes heat to be gain slower by conduction, making the can stay cool longer.

Cooler bag (sherise bring)
The innermost layer of the cooler bag has a shiny and silvery surface, making it a poor absorber of radiation. Heat is lost slowly during the process. This, it can keep the canned coke cooler for longer when placed inside.

# data[].attributes.body
cooler bag: The interior of the cooler bag is lined with foil. The foil is shiny and smooth which makes it a poor conductor of heat. In a cooler bag, there are two layers of material which has air, air is a poor conductor of heat which means the speed of conduction happening will be slown down

ice and salt: Salt makes ice colder by lowering the temperature at which water freezes. So by putting salt and ice into the cooler bag with the coke can, the trapped air between the ice loses heat to the ice, making the trapped air colder. The trapped air in the flask will remain cold before starting the experiment.

# data[].attributes.body
Compressed air can:
As the air is released through the valve, the “liquid air” / compressed air will boil and gain heat from the surrounding area as it boils. The heat gained will be from the liquid, cooling it down as the liquid in the can boils away. This is due to the joule thompson expansion which can be calculated through a formula that I am too lazy to do so I found a paper with the results:https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0021961497902354
The gas coming out of the can will then have a lower temperature compared to the coke in the coke can and thus an exchange of heat from the region of warmer temperature in the coke can into the region of colder temperature which is the air coming out of the compressed air can.

Aluminum foil (provided):the aluminum foil is a good conductor of heat and will help conduct the heat away from the warmer coke can into the colder air coming from the compressed air canister, allowing it to cool down faster. The aluminum will be shaped into pipes for the compressed air to travel down

Cotton wool: the cotton wool along with the trapped air inside are poor conductors of heat, reducing the heat gained from the outside by conduction. The cotton wool also helps by trapping the air around it and stopping them from forming convection currents around the can

Is tape considered an item? If so the next item won’t count

Newspaper (provided): the newspaper will further trap more air, which is a poor conductor of heat, reducing the total heat gain from the environment. The news paper also further stops convection currents from forming inside the package.
The news paper is usually white in color which is a poor absorber of radiation and will further reduce heat gained from radiation.

woo I love tying at 12:12 AM

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Abstract

The massic heat capacity c=(∂ h/∂ T)of 1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (refrigerant R134a) was measured at 18 temperatures from 253 K to 523 K at pressures between 40 kPa and 30 MPa. The Joule-Thomson coefficient μ JT=(∂ T/∂ p)of this substance was measured at six temperatures from 333 K to 423 K at pressures up to 20 MPa. The R134a has no ozone depletion potential. Its global warming potential is about one-tenth of that of the refrigerant R115 (C ₂F ₅ Cl) for which it can be a substitute as a working fluid in energy technologies.

View full text

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Massic heat capacities and Joule-Thomson coefficients of CH2FCF3(R134a) at pressures up to 30 MPa and temperatures between about 253 K and 523 K

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The massic heat capacity c=(∂ h/∂ T)of 1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (refrigerant R134a) was measured at 18 temperatures from 253 K to 523 K at pressures between 40 kPa and 30 MPa. The Joule-Thomson coefficient μ JT=(∂ T/∂ p)of this substance was measured at six temperatures from 333 K to 423 K at pressures up to 20 MPa.

# data[].attributes.body
EDITED BY MDM YEO :)

Dry ice (bringing) -Dry ice is the cooler region while the cold coke is the warmer region. This allows HEAT TRANSFER to occur, where heat travels from a warmer to cooler region. Hence, the heat in the cold coke will move to the dry ice, maintaining the coolness of the coke.

Aluminium foil-Aluminium foil is a poor radiator (should be ABSORBER) of heat, its shiny smooth texture prevents it from absorbing heat, which can keep the coke cool.

# data[].attributes.body
Edited my Madam Yeo :DDD
Cooler bag (bringing) -
The inside is lined with heavy duty foil.  The foil inner layer is shiny, it is a poor absorber of heat. Heat is absorbed slowly from the surroundings. In between the outer and inner layers are layers of materials is trapped air, it is a poor conductor of heat hence, it  slows down heat conduction. Trapped air has limited flow, it reduces the extent of convection.

Newspaper- newspaper is a poor conductor of heat, meaning that it transfers heat slower, this would allow the cold coke to remain cold for a longer period of time as the newspaper would keep the heat from the hot air outside from being conducted by the coke.

# data[].attributes.body
1. Aluminum foil
2. Cotton wool
3. Cooler bag

# data[].attributes.body
1. Newspaper
2. Aluminum foil

# data[].attributes.body
1. Cotton wool
2. Newspaper
3. Aluminum foil
4. Compressed air can

# data[].attributes.body
1. Aluminum foil
2. Newspaper
3. Cooler bag
4. Dry ice

# data[].attributes.body
1. Aluminum foil

# data[].attributes.body
Aluminium foil has a shiny surface hence it is poor absorber of heat. When the aluminium foil is wrapped around the coke, it reduces the heat loss to the surroundings [BY RADIATION].

# data[].attributes.body
Cotton wool:
Cotton wool is a poor conductor of heat which reduces heat gain from the surrounding by conduction. The cotton wool has trapped air inside which further reduce heat gain as air is a poor conductor of heat.

Aluminium foil:
Aluminium has a shiny,silvery and smooth surface which is the poorest absorber of radiation, reducing heat loss to the surrounding by radiation.

2 sheets of newspapers:
Newspaper is a non metal which is a poor conductor of heat which transfers heat slowly, reducing the rate of heat gain. As there is 2 sheets of newspaper, there will be air trapped in the newspapers. Air is a bad conductor of heat which then further reduce heat gain, keeping the coke cold.

# data[].attributes.body
aluminium foil
aluminium foil has a smooth and shiny surface, which means that it is a poor absorber of radiation. Thus, it reduces heat gain by radiation, causing the can to stay cool for a longer period of time.

thermo/vacuum flask (inner layer- silver, outer layer- white)
in the thermo/vacuum flask, there are 3 layers, inner/vacuum/outer. with the inner and outer layer, conduction can occur at a faster rate, causing the cold can in the flask to gain heat quickly by conduction as the flask is made out of metal, a good conductor of heat. However, since there is still the vacuum layer, conduction cannot occur but radiation can (since conduction can only take place in solids, liquid and gas while radiation can take place in all three states and also in vacuum). But since the inner layer is smooth and silvery, the inner layer is a poor absorber of radiation. Hence, reducing heat gain by radiation. In addition to that, the outer surface is also smooth and white in colour. This means that the outer layer is also a poor absorber of radiation. Hence, reducing heat gain by radiation. All these allows the can to gain heat at a slower rate, keeping the can cool for a longer period of time compared to in open areas.

ice with salt
salt makes ice colder because the salt forms saltwater on the outer surface of the ice which contains a thin film of water. saltwater has a lower freezing point than water. due to which the freezing point of ice reduces from 0° C to -2° C. therefore, ice becomes colder by adding salt to it.
by placing the ice with salt into the thermos flask, the trapped air between the ice loses heat to the ice, making the trapped air cooler. the trapped air in the flask will remain cold before starting the experiment. this ensure that the environment in the flask would be as close to a freezer as possible.

wet paper/newspaper
when you put a damp paper towel inside a dry and cold environment, like the simulation of the freezer(flask), the water will both rapidly evaporate and cool. because the damp paper towel is wrapped around the can of coke, the surface area of the paper towel works to cool the can of coke faster than the surrounding air could do alone. therefore, the can of coke will be cooler with the help of a wet/damp paper towel. However, newspaper would be used as a substitute for the paper towels as it is also a type of paper.

# data[].attributes.body
1.Newspaper
Newspaper is a poor conductor of heat and it reduces heat gain from the surrounding by conduction. This can keep the warm air out and preserve the cold for a while. The layer of air trapped in between the newspapers and the can of coke can also reduce heat gain by conduction as air is a poor conductor of heat.

2.Cotton Wool
Both cotton wool and the trapped air in the cotton wool is a poor conductor of heat so it reduces heat gain from the surrounding by conduction. There are also not a lot of air gaps for convection to take place.

3.Aluminium foil
Aluminium foil has a shiny and smooth surface, making it a poor absorber of radiation. Heat is not absorbed quickly from the surrounding so the can of coke can remain cool for a longer time. Aluminium foil also slows the convection current and traps a thin layer of air in between that reduces the heat gain by conduction as air is also a poor conductor of heat.

4.Cloth/Towel
There is air trapped in between the towel/cloth so heat is gained slowly from the surrounding as air is a poor conductor of heat. This can allow the can of coke not to gain heat from the surrounding quickly.

# data[].attributes.body
Both cotton wool and the air that it traps within are both poor conductors of heat which reduces heat gain by conduction.

# data[].attributes.body
Aluminium foil has a shiny and smooth surface making it a poor absorber of radiation. It can also trap air inside of it and since air is a poor conductor of heat, it can slow down heat transfer even more

# data[].attributes.headline
cooler bag + ice pack ( bring our own ) 

# data[].attributes.subject
cooler bag + ice pack ( bring our own ) 

# data[].attributes.body
The inner surface of the cooler bag has a shiny surface which makes it a poor absorber of heat hence the heat loss [BY RADIATION] to the surrounding is slower. Therefore when the can of coke is placed inside it will stay cooler for a longer period of time .

ice pack : Heat transfers from a warmer to cooler region by the ice packet moving to the coke can. Hence, the coke will remain cool by the transfer of heat between the ice packet and the can of coke.

# data[].attributes.body
Since aluminum foil has a smooth and shiny surface area, the aluminum foil would be a poor absorber of heat causing heat to be gained slowly, thus the coke that is wrapped around by the aluminum foil would gain heat slower and keep the coke at a cooler temperature for a longer time.

# data[].attributes.body
Aluminum foil
- It has a shiny and smooth surface which is a poor absorber of heat, gaining heat slowly, keeping the coke cool longer.

Cotton wool
- Cotton wool have have gaps in it which contains trapped air. Trapped air is a poor conductor of heat which reduces heat gain from surroundings by conduction. Wool itself is also a poor conductor of heat, further reducing heat gain.

Newspaper
- Newspaper is a non-metal, making it a poor conductor of heat. This reduces heat gain through conduction. When the newspaper is crushed, there is trapped air in between the spaces of the newspaper. The trapped air is a poor conductor of heat which further reduces the heat gain through conduction.

Thermoflask
- Thermoflask have double wall vacuum which is created between the silvered glass wall to keep the coke cold. It removes air in between which makes it a vacuum, hence there will be no air pariticles. This reduces heat gain by conduction and convection since it cannot take place in vacuum. In the thermoflask, the silvered glass wall prevents heat gain by radiation. It reflects heat outside the flask so that radiation cannot take place. Hence reducing heat gain by radiation. The cap is made of plastic which reduces heat loss, as it is a poor conductor of heat, through conduction.

# data[].attributes.body
Towel:
Towel is a fabric which is a  poor conductor of heat. It reduces the rate of the transfer of heat which allows the coke to gain heat slowly by conduction . The air trapped in the towel is also poor conductor of heat of further reduces heat gain. If the towel is soaked in cold water and wrapped around the can of coke, it will further decrease the temperature of the coke as the water from the towel will evaporate which keeps the coke cool.

# data[].attributes.body
1. Aluminum foil
2. Cotton wool
3. Newspaper
4. Cloth/Towel

# data[].attributes.body
1. Aluminum foil
2. Cotton wool
3. Newspaper
4. Thermal flask

# data[].attributes.body
1. Aluminum foil
2. Thermal Flask
3. Ice with salt
4. Newspapers

# data[].attributes.body
1. Aluminum foil
2. Cotton bag
3. Newspaper
4. Cloth/Towel

# data[].attributes.body
1. Cotton wool
2. Aluminum foil

# data[].attributes.body
Newspaper is made out of recycled paper. Paper is a poor conductor of heat hence heat will flow through slowly. Heat is gained slowly and the coke will remain cold for a longer period of time. (by conduction)

# data[].attributes.body
Cloth is a poor conductor of heat. It reduces the rate heat transfer which allows the coke to gain heat slowly by conduction. The air trapped in the cloth is also a poor conductor of heat which further reduces the heat.
When the cold cloth that was placed in cold water is wrapped around the can of coke, it would reduce the temperature of the coke as the moisture from the cloth will evaporate keeping the coke cool

# data[].attributes.body
As we know, ice is colder than room temperature water. Because ice molecules move slowly and cluster tightly together, they produce a relatively low amount of heat. When ice is placed in a glass of water whose molecules are moving at a greater rate, the ice begins to absorb energy, because heat always travels from regions of relative warmth to colder areas in order to equalize temperatures. In other words, ice absorbs heat from the water.
Salt. When added to ice, salt first dissolves in the liquid water that is always present on the surface, therefore lowering its freezing point below the ices temperature. Ice in contact with salty water therefore melts, creating more liquid water, which dissolves more salt, thus causing more ice to melt and so on

# data[].attributes.body
1. Cloth
2. Ice and salt

# data[].attributes.body
Mdm Yeo (control) - 20oC
Jaylen and Zenneth - 14oC
Yu Hui and Meera - 14 oC
Hanis and Megan - 10 oC
Sherhan and Wei Ann - 11.5oC
Xuan hui and Chloe - 13 oC
SiQi and Christabel -13 oC
Sherise and Mingmin -15oC
Charlotte and Durrah - oC
Zen and Shiyan - 15oC
Javier G and Z - 14 oC
DaoHang and Alfie - 13 oC
Eugene and Lucas - 12oC
Sabrina and Shannon - 12 oC
Justin and Mingjie - 11.5oC
Zhi Kai and Dylan - 19oC
Matthew and Danish - 18oC
Shannice and Joel - 14oC
Alena and YingHui - 15oC

# data[].attributes.body
It is a poor conductor of heat and reduces heat gain from the surroundings by conduction. Since there are holes in between the cotton wool and has trapped air inside that would reduce heat gain from the surroundings as air is a poor conductor of heat, thus keeping the coke cold

# data[].attributes.body
Aluminium foil has a shiny surface so it is poor absorber of heat. When the aluminium foil is wrapped around the can, it reduces the heat gained from the surrounding

# data[].attributes.body
It conducts heat poorly and decreases heat gain from the surroundings via conduction. Since there are holes in between the cotton wool and it has trapped air inside that would decrease the rate of heat gain from the surroundings as air is a poor conductor of heat, resulting in the coke being cold

# data[].attributes.body
newspaper is not a metal hence it is a poor conductor of heat reducing the heat gained form the surrounding

# data[].attributes.body
1. Cotton wool
2. Newspaper
3. Aluminum foil

# data[].attributes.body
cooler bag
because the cooler bag has double layer of shiny material, it will make radiating heat harder and thus the heat will lose heat slower to the surroundings
ice packs
as ice packs are colder than the surrounding in the cooler bag that we will be placing the coke in, the surrounding air around the coke will be cooler and will radiate the coldness to the coke to keep it cold

# data[].attributes.headline
provided stuff(newspaper and cotten wool

# data[].attributes.subject
provided stuff(newspaper and cotten wool

# data[].attributes.body
we will wrap the newspaper around the coke so it will have layers of air trapped in it. because as air is a bad conductor of heat, it will slowly conduct the heat through and i hope that will be enough to keep the coke cold.
we will then fill in the gaps of the newspaper wrapping with cotton wool and as the air trapped in the cotton wool is a bad conductor of heat, it will slowerst down the rate of radiation

# data[].attributes.headline
cotton wool traps air.Air is a poor conductor of heat which cause the cold coke to gain heat from the surrounding in a slow rate when cotton wool is surrounding the coke.

# data[].attributes.subject
cotton wool traps air.Air is a poor conductor of heat which cause the cold coke to gain heat from the surrounding in a slow rate when cotton wool is surrounding the coke.

# data[].attributes.body
(correction)the inside of the cooler bag is equipped with a heavy duty foil which is a shiny and smooth surface and a poor abosrber of heat by radiation. Between the outer and inner layer of the cooler bag has trapped air inside which is a poor conductor of heat and thus slows down heat conduction. Thus keeping the coke cold

# data[].attributes.headline
aluminum foil is a poor absorber of radiation because it is silver in colour and is shiny hence by using it,heat from the surrounding would be absorbed by the aluminum foil slowly hence keeping the coke cold longer.

# data[].attributes.subject
aluminum foil is a poor absorber of radiation because it is silver in colour and is shiny hence by using it,heat from the surrounding would be absorbed by the aluminum foil slowly hence keeping the coke cold longer.

# data[].attributes.body
aluminum has a shiny surface which slows down heat transfer from the surrounding to the coke can keeping it cooler for a longer period of time.

# data[].attributes.body
in the towel, there are air trapped in between. air is a poor conductor of heat so,, it will gain heat from the surrounding slowly. as a result, the coke can would gain heat slowly and will stay cool longer

# data[].attributes.body
Towel is a poor conductor of heat and has trapped air which is also a poor conduct of heat. Convection current also cannot be set up as easily which allows the towel to reduce the heat transfer between the surrounding and the coke keeping it cooler for a longer period of time.

# data[].attributes.body
Thermos bottles are equipped with the parts that can prevent the hot water from cooling down by the three ways: Supporting the inner container by a few heat-insulating supporters to minimize the heat loss through heat conduction, using a vacuum space between the outer and the inner vessels to eliminate the heat loss by the air convection, and giving a high reflectivity to the inner surface of the outer vessel and the whole surface of the inner container to reduce the heat loss due to the radiation cooling. A thermos has double glass walls with vacuum between them. The vacuum between the two walls prevents heat transfer through conduction or convection from the inside to the outside and reverse.

# data[].attributes.body
cotton wool is a poor conductor of heat so is the air trapped in between the cotton wool. It will then trap heat and the poor conductivity will slow down the heat transfer from the surrounding to the coke via conduction keeping it cool for a longer period of time.

# data[].attributes.body
Cotton wool helps trap air which is a poor conductor of heat, reducing the heat gain and slowing the transfer of heat from the surrondings to the coke can

# data[].attributes.body
1. Aluminium foil
2. Cotton Wool

# data[].attributes.body
Thermal bag is a type of thermally insulated shipping container usually made of thermally insulating materials and sometimes a refrigerant gel, it is used to help mantain the temperature of it's contents keeping cold item cold and warm item warm.

# data[].attributes.body
1. Aluminum foil
2. Cotton wool
3. Cooler bag

# data[].attributes.body
1. Aluminum foil
2. Ice pack
3. Cooler bag
3. Newspapers

# data[].attributes.body
1. Aluminium foil
2. Thermal flask
3. Towel
4. Cotton Wool

# data[].attributes.body
It works in the same way as the felt by acting as a insulator to the ice, the thickness of the newspaper will serve to keep warm air out and the cold air in so the coke can will be able to be cold for a longer period of time

# data[].attributes.body
1. Cooler bag
2. Ice pack
3. Newspaper
4. Cotton Wool

# data[].attributes.body
Ice is colder than room temperature water because ice molecules move slowly and cluster tightly together, they produce a relatively low amount of heat so ice aborbs heat from the coke can.So when the coke molecules loses energy, they begin to slow down and consequently begin to cool.

# data[].attributes.body
1. Thermal bag
2. Ice
3. Newspaper
4. Cotton Wool