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https://protect-eu.mimecast.com/s/MZ4tC7XWjcPkV90UWU2GT?domain=universityofsussex.zoom.us

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Video Conferencing, Web Conferencing, Webinars, Screen Sharing

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Zoom is the leader in modern enterprise video communications, with an easy, reliable cloud platform for video and audio conferencing, chat, and webinars across mobile, desktop, and room systems. Zoom Rooms is the original software-based conference room solution used around the world in board, conference, huddle, and training rooms, as well as executive offices and classrooms. Founded in 2011, Zoom helps businesses and organizations bring their teams together in a frictionless environment to get more done.

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Chloe plus Katie C's = 4:20 minutes roughly

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Chloe plus Katie C's = 4:20 minutes roughly

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The Ashdown Group Experience

Ashdown Group began by getting to know each other, sharing a little about backgrounds, and interests. We agreed on some group rules, which included confidentiality, rotating responsibilities, and giving space for an open forum, where group members could comfortably raise their concerns. We began as a group of 7, but to evenly balance across the three groups, 2 students joined us in week 3. This could have been a difficult period as the group dynamics changed but this was not the case, with new members immediately welcomed and contributing to the process. We created a ‘WhatsApp’ group to communicate with each other effectively. We researched about how to set up a Padlet and this became a vital part of the process, as we were able to share all our thoughts remotely, as we progressed.

During each session we discussed the topic from that day’s lecture and made notes about what we felt was relevant to our case study. As a group we ensured that everyone had the chance to speak, share views and ask questions. Members of the group highlighted areas that they would like to explore further. We then allocated tasks for each person to complete as homework. At the beginning of each session, we read each other’s information on Padlet, giving feedback and having open discussion about each area. Members of the group were quick to apologise if there were interruptions negative feeling caused. We arranged meetings online through ‘Teams’ on the week of the strike, so that we could practice the presentation, provide feedback and reassurance to each other. We also booked a room on campus the day before to rehearse. However, a few days before our presentation, three members of the group came down with Covid and other illnesses. This was a huge impact on the group as a whole as we had not anticipated this. We were able to meet with those who felt well enough on teams the day before and made a group decision last minute with Russell’s support to present our presentation via zoom. We felt that the presentation may not have flowed as well if we had some members on zoom and others not.

Ashdown Group has been a positive experience, where we have learnt both with and from each other, as well as from independent study. It has proved to be challenging to achieve our aim when there have been absences at meetings. However, this highlighted the importance of communication, so we have shared updates on the relevant platforms, so that everyone is updated. Areas for future development would be to read and understand each other’s slides so that in the event of illness then someone would be able to take over. As individuals, we increased our ability to teamwork and utilised each other’s strengths. Furthermore, members have been encouraged to build on weaknesses also, such as IT skills and speaking in front of others, which will be beneficial for the rest of the course and also when working as a Social Worker.

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Katie D - 1 min long

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I timed myself and i come in at 3 minutes 15 seconds.

Edited my part about Maslow's triangle so that it doesn't repeat what charlie has said and edited it so that Aimee can see where to take over.

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-Katie D - 2 mins 30

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Charlie's Privileges, Inequality & Oppression SCRIPT 0:55

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Charlie's Privileges, Inequality & Oppression SCRIPT 0:55

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Privileges, Inequality & Oppression
Following on from Sarah's mention of privileges, stereotypically it is viewed that Tom has a number of privileges. These include the fact that he is a white, heterosexual male with wealth. This means that it is likely that Tom sees himself as superior to others. The grandparents are of an ethnic minority so it could be seen that Tom is displaying discriminatory behaviour towards them because of this. This creates intersectionality but Tom may also become quite defensive and frustrated which could be the reason for the altercation at the hospital especially if he feels that he is losing any kind of control or power. Tom's insistence on James being arrested, again could be seen as him thinking that he is above James. Becoming a single father was out of Tom's control as well as Alex's injury which Tom may deem as a weakness, especially if he had aspirations of Alex becoming successful like himself.

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Introduction: Sophie
Genogram: Sophie
Maslow (Tom): Sarah
Maslow (Alex): Aimee
Privileges: Charlie
Attachment Theory: Riley
Attachment Theory: Paula
Defence Mechanisms: Katie C
Grandparents Rights: Charlie
Erikson (Alex): Katie D
Erikson (Tom): Sophie
Mentalisation:
Systems Theory: Chloe
Trauma & Reslience: Sophie
Bronfenbrenner:
Grief:
Social Work Interventions: Charlie

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What is an ecomap and how to do one (Paula)

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What is an ecomap and how to do one (Paula)

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Displacement/ transference as a defence mechnaism (Sophie) 

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Displacement/ transference as a defence mechnaism (Sophie) 

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Displacement occurs when someone is satisfying an impulse/ negative emotion (e.g aggression) with a substitute object/ person.

For example, if someone is angry but can't take their anger out on the source, they might transfer this anger onto blaming someone/ something else.

Tom may be displacing his negative feelings (fear & anxiety) about Thomasina's health (DMD) onto Alex- seen through his outburst at the hospital (he got upset/ into an argument with Alex but brought up Thomasina).

References:
https://www.simplypsychology.org/defense-mechanisms.html

https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-displacement-in-psychology-4587375

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Defense Mechanisms In Psychology Explained (+ Examples)

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Defense mechanisms are psychological strategies that are unconsciously used to protect a person from anxiety arising from unacceptable thoughts or feelings. According to Freudian theory, defense mechanismss involve a distortion of relaity in wome way so that we are better able to cope with a situation.

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Mentalisation is the capacity to put yourself in someone else's emotional shoes, to keep their mind in mind.  In relation to care giving, a parent should be able to see moment to moment changes in their child's mental state.  If any changes occur, the parent shows their sense of 'sensitive caregiving' which is viewed by attachment theorists as the cornerstone of secure attachment. (Fonagy, 2000) Thomas should be putting himself in Alex's emotional shoes. Putting too much pressure on to Alex, Looking at Alex's mental health regarding his Mothers death, his sister being disabled, not being able to see his Grandparents. Thomas could also put himself into Thomasina's emotional shoes and look at the reasons as to why she wants to move to her Grandparents Alexander could put himself in his fathers emotional shoes and look into how he has dealt with his wife's death and why he is clinging onto the career Alex is developing. Are there any reasons why he acts in the way he does and when did he start behaving differently?

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Mentalisation is the capacity to put yourself in someone else's emotional shoes, to keep their mind in mind.  In relation to care giving, a parent should be able to see moment to moment changes in their child's mental state.  If any changes occur, the parent shows their sense of 'sensitive caregiving' which is viewed by attachment theorists as the cornerstone of secure attachment. (Fonagy, 2000) Thomas should be putting himself in Alex's emotional shoes. Putting too much pressure on to Alex, Looking at Alex's mental health regarding his Mothers death, his sister being disabled, not being able to see his Grandparents. Thomas could also put himself into Thomasina's emotional shoes and look at the reasons as to why she wants to move to her Grandparents Alexander could put himself in his fathers emotional shoes and look into how he has dealt with his wife's death and why he is clinging onto the career Alex is developing. Are there any reasons why he acts in the way he does and when did he start behaving differently?

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Rationalisation as a defence mechanism= WEEK 5 (Charlie)

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Rationalisation as a defence mechanism= WEEK 5 (Charlie)

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Rationalisation is the failure to recognise the cause of actions or behaviour and justifying them through alternative reasons.

Tom blames Jacinda's parents for her death although, it was an electrical fault that could have been a tragic accident with no one at fault. Tom is finding that hard to accept as he wants to hold someone responsible.

Tom gets irate due to Alex's head injury, this leads to an altercation at the hospital. Tom is almost justifying because he doesn't want two sick children.

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Repression is the unconscious blocking of unpleasant emotions, impulses, memories, and thoughts from your conscious mind. The purpose of this defense mechanism is to try to minimize feelings of guilt and anxiety.

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-Katie D

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Sublimation is an example of one of Freud

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Splitting - an immature defence on views of self and others due to conflicting emotions. A person employing splitting may see someone at one time as all good, and devalue them the next time, seeing them as bad.

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(Week 4)

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Denial as a defense mechanism. WEEK 5. Sarah

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Denial as a defense mechanism. WEEK 5. Sarah

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Tom- Tom could be in denial about his wife's death, this is shown by his anger towards his late wife's parents. He is trying to shift the blame of the accident onto her parents so that there is someone who is accountable for it. Sometimes it is easier to blame someone as it's easier to understand. This could also however be linked with grief. As a stage of grief can be denial. This could be fueling his anger.

Alexander- Alexander could be using denial as a defense mechanism by throwing himself into his sport. The case doesn't state much about his psychological state however, it could have added anger to hearing he may not be able to play sport as he uses it as a distraction for his denial.

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Further information on the lifespan significance.

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Further information on the lifespan significance.

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it mostly links and adds on to mentalisation. WEEK 4

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Metallisation is the capacity to put yourself in someone elses emotional shoes, to keep their mind in mind.  In relation to care giving, a parent should be able to see moment to moment changes in their child's mental state.  If any changes occur, the parent shows their sense of 'sensitive care giving' which is viewed by attachment theorists as the cornerstone of secure attachment.
(Fonagy, 2000)

In relation to the case study - Thomas should be showing metallisation, putting himself in Alex's emotional shoes. Thomas should look at him possibly putting too much pressure on to Alex, taking a step back and looking at Alexs mental health regarding his Mothers death, his sister being disabled, not being able to see his Grandparents. Thomas could also put himself into Thomasina's emotional shoes and look at the reasons as to why she wants to move to her Grandparents - himself becoming selfish and only focusing on the career Alex is heading towards, and anything else she could be struggling with.

Alexander could also use mentalisation to put himself in his fathers emotional shoes and look into how he has dealt with his wife's death and why he is clinging onto the career Alex is developing and not much else? Are there any reasons why he acts in the way he does, when did he start behaving differently?

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(Riley)

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WEEK 4 (Charlie)

Tom Edwards has a number of privileges which include;
White privilege, male privilege, heterosexual privilege and financial privilege.
Tom's insistence that James be arrested for the altercation between them could be seen as Tom viewing himself as superior to James because of his privileges even though Tom was also at fault during the altercation.

As Tom may feel like he has 'power' over the family because of his privileges, when Alex has his injury, Tom immediately has a fear that he may well have another sick child, could this be his reaction to loosing power or a fear of Alex not following in his footsteps of success?

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Week 4- Sarah.

I found some really good links that explained how the ecological perspective can play a big part in social work and how this could be applied.

https://www.theclassroom.com/ecological-perspective-6638441.html

This one is more about how a social worker might use the ecological approach in social work.

https://www.socialworkdegreeguide.com/lists/5-examples-of-ecological-social-work/

using link 1:
Habitat and Niche:

Tom: potentially Tom's habitat could be impacting his decisions. This also links with Maslow's triangle. He has the need to live up to this life he has created of wealth and having the perfect happy healthy household. When Tom realizes that this could be threatened with his son being ill too, could his decision-making be based upon these pressures?

Goodness, to fit:

Both Tom and Alexander could be affected by this need to fit in. With Alexander's rugby potentially being threatened, his wants to fit in with his peers and not lose that sense of security with his rugby team. This could have a negative impact on him, as well as the loss of his mum. It's  a sense of normality for him. So he could be feeling more upset. Tom could also have his need to fit in. Similar to number one. He doesn't want to be tarnished with anything more unusual from losing his wife and his daughter being rebellious.

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The Classroom | Empowering Students in Their College Journey

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The term ecological perspective is a concept from the science of ecology that refers the study of organisms and how they interact with their environments. In 1973, Carel Germain borrowed the term and used it to explain the way sociologists and social workers should study the interactions of people and groups within social and cultural environments. The ecosystems theory of social work encourages those in the field to look at the environment surrounding a person or group when attempting to provide support. Researchers use many categories to collect social data, including habitat, niche, adaptation, goodness-of-fit, self-esteem and self-direction.

Habitat and Niche

Habitat is the social and physical environment where people live, work, shop or spend time. These individuals often share similar values and perspectives. Niche is a person's or ethnic group's place in society as determined by their immediate environment. People have similar influences and shared relationships when they belong to the same habitat or niche. For example, people who live in rural environments or public housing have specific types of influences from the spaces they inhabit, and also share certain types of influences and relationships depending on how they earn a living.

Adaptation

The ecosystem perspective studies how adaptation occurs by looking at environmental, social and cultural factors that lead to changes. New technologies provide more comfortable and effective ways of functioning in certain environments. For instance, many people now use the Internet to shop and work, to save money and resources. Social researchers and those who use the ecological perspective in social work use what they learn about these changes to identify, understand and provide solutions to social issues through social services, such as when someone needs help learning new technology skills to find a job.

Goodness-of-Fit

Goodness-of-fit refers to how well a person fits into a historical, social and cultural context. Social workers call this the life model approach and use it to help determine factors that keep people from fitting into a context. For example, social workers use this category to develop sensitivity to diverse backgrounds and issues of bias and social prejudice. Thus, instead of blaming the individual, they can recognize when clients' needs are not met by the resources available.

Self-Esteem and Self-Direction

Social researchers also study psychological factors that make it difficult for someone to adapt or fit into a social or cultural environment. Low self-esteem causes a person to feel unloved, unworthy or inferior. Self-direction refers to how much control a person feels he has over what happens in life, and the ability to take responsibility for decisions. The ecological perspective studies how these emotional skills develop in early childhood and evolve in adulthood.

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Ecological perspective refers to the way that people or other organisms interact with their environment. This is also known as the ecosystems perspective since it encourages social workers or other researchers to consider the surrounding environment as it relates to people and group culture.

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Erikson's psychosocial stages- Tom (week 2)-  Sophie

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Erikson's psychosocial stages- Tom (week 2)-  Sophie

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Erikson's psychosocial stages- Tom Edwards 

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Maslow's hierarchy of need - ALEX  (Paula)

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Maslow's hierarchy of need - ALEX  (Paula)

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Week 3
1.       Physiological

·       Alex’s physiological needs are being met. He lives an affluent lifestyle, due to the success of his father’s business.

2.       Safety

·       Alex lives in a large family home, behind a locked front gate, which makes it sound as if it is safe.

·       His mum died when he was 13 yrs, in an accident at home caused by faulty electrical equipment. This is likely to have affected his view of family being safe and the home being a safe place.

·       Alex’s sister has a life-limiting, debilitating, rare medical condition. Alex may feel that he is unable to protect her from this and keep her safe.

·       He has sustained 2 x head injuries from rugby and is in hospital with severe concussion. This is affecting his health, with potentially serious consequences and has been getting headaches for some time. Social Worker is concerned that the injury is not being taken seriously by dad, who just wants Alex back on the rugby field asap.

3.       Love/Belonging

·       Alex will be aware of the tension between his dad and grandfather. How is this affecting him? There continues to be arguments and raised voices at home, creating feelings of instability.

·       Alex will be aware that nurse Janet is no longer working at the house, increasing the feeling of instability in the family.

·       Alex may still be grieving the loss of his mum, and may benefit from professional help.

·       The description of Edwards family life does not sound like a loving home but one full of crisis and disputes.

4.       Esteem

·       Alex will have the respect of others as he has achieved the status of being a talented rugby player. This may have increased his confidence and self-esteem. However, his current injuries are likely to have a detrimental effect in this area.

·       Alex has the privileged status of attending private school and benefits attached to this.

·       Is Alex affected by guilt, due to his sister having the serious health condition and he does not? (considering it is usually young men who develop it).

·       Does Alex fear that he will lose his dad’s respect if he can no longer play rugby? This could affect their relationship and Alex’s sense of identity.

5.       Self-actualisation

·       Alex does not know what he will do if he cannot play rugby. He is trying to problem solve but may need support to navigate this.

·       Has Alex accepted facts regarding the death of his mum and his sister’s medical condition?

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Term used to describe a girl's sense of competition with her mother for the affections of her father.

Freud believed that the girl then begins to identify with and match her mother out of fear of losing her love. Resolving the Electra complex ultimately leads to identification with the same-sex parent.

Freud believed that it was this process that also leads children to accept their gender roles, develop an understanding of their own sexuality, and even form a sense of morality.

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As Alex has stated that he’s ‘been suffering with headaches for some time’ and because he’s now had two serious head injuries, its possible that he’s suffering from post-concussion syndrome (PCS). Also, as this is Alex’s second head injury, it means that recovery time can take even longer. PCS should resolve itself within a few months but if symptoms persist it may be appropriate to be referred to a head injury specialist, such as a neurologist or neuropsychologist, for assessment.

Symptoms of post-concussion syndrome

·       Headaches

·       Irritability

·       Feelings of dizziness

·       Restlessness

·       Nausea

·       Impulsivity and self-control problems

·       Sensitivity to light

·       Difficulty concentrating

·       Sensitivity to noise

·       Feeling depressed, tearful, anxious

·       Sleep disturbance

·       Fatigue

·       Memory problems

·       Difficulties thinking and problem-solving

https://www.headway.org.uk/about-brain-injury/individuals/types-of-brain-injury/mild-head-injury-and-concussion/?gclid=CjwKCAjw_L6LBhBbEiwA4c46uvbPTkgXZSMVzU51oEGQg5AfqasHVpoEssi1qK60KD9jcV4H44z3wxoCDrAQAvD_BwE#WhatIsConcussion

Concussion in sport

·       ‘The vast majority of people who experience a mild head injury make a full recovery, usually after 3-4 months. However, there is a very small sub-group whose recovery is not so good’. Also, Alex’s concussion counted as SEVERE not just mild.

·       Alex needs to be extremely careful about his return to rugby and shouldn’t return until his headaches stop. New research indicates that reoccurring concussions can have severe life-changing impacts on individuals.

“We’re starting to learn that perhaps these seemingly minor blows to the head, when they’re accumulative, can lead to depression and behaviour change. In fact, we think that some suicides may be linked to the brain damage that results from multiple concussions.” Gregory Hawryluk, MD, neurosurgeon and concussion specialist at University of Utah Health.

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Systems Theory (applied to intervention)

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Systems Theory (applied to intervention)

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I've looked at ways we can use systems theory for intervention and what things SW's would look at using this framework (Riley)

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Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy- week (Sophie)

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Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy- week (Sophie)

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What is Duchenne?

·      Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a genetic disorder characterised by progressive muscle degeneration and weakness.

·      Often just referred to as ‘Duchenne’.

·      Symptoms associated with Duchenne usually onset in early childhood (age 2-3).

·      Life expectancy- due to advances in technology and medicine, individuals with Duchenne can survive into their early 30’s (however most studies & information based on men).

Symptoms of Duchenne

·      Early stages of Duchenne usually affect the shoulder, upper arm, hip and thigh muscles (which is why Thomasina sometimes struggles to walk unassisted).

‘Weaknesses lead to difficulty in rising from the floor, climbing stairs, maintaining balance, and raising arms’ https://www.mda.org/disease/duchenne-muscular-dystrophy

·      In later life, Duchenne will start to affect the heart & respiratory muscles. The progressive weakness of muscles, as well as scoliosis, will eventually lead to respiratory failure.

Genetic cause of Duchenne

·      Duchenne is caused by alterations to dystrophin, which is a protein that helps keep muscle cells intact.

·      Only women are carriers of DMD (so Thomasina would’ve inherited the condition from her mother). Most women are symptomless and unaware they even carry the genetic condition until they have a child (usually a son).

·      It only affects the X chromosome, which is why it’s far more common in men, as they only have 1 X chromosome. However, as women have 2 X chromosomes, it gives the body the ability to ‘inactivate’ the X chromosomes which carry the dystrophin (for Thomasina, her body hasn’t done this, but her mother’s body likely did).

·      Women who have symptoms of Duchenne are referred to as a ‘manifesting carrier’ (applies to Thomasina).

Duchenne and women

·      ‘It is estimated that only 1 in 50 million girls have Duchenne’. https://www.duchenneuk.org/life-as-a-woman-with-dmd/

·      50% chance that a woman who has Duchenne mutation will pass it to either a son or daughter.

·      I read an article from 2018 about a women named Elizabeth Heller, who was 31. She believed that there were only about 10 females with Duchenne in the US. https://musculardystrophynews.com/2018/08/08/arizona-woman-with-duchenne-md-is-rarity-among-the-rare/

What it means for the Edwards family

·      Thomasina is a ‘manifesting carrier’. Extremely rare in females, which means she’s unlikely to know any other females with the condition, which must feel very isolating.

·      A hopeful estimate for Thomasina’s life expectancy would be her mid 30’s. It will be extremely hard for her and the rest of the Edwards family to watch her health deteriorate, leading to her passing away at such a young age.

·      Most women with Duchenne, choose not to have children as they don’t want to risk the 50% chance of passing it onto a child. Likewise, Thomasina would miss out on the chance to watch her children grow up, as her life expectancy is so short.

·      Alexander is not at risk of passing Duchenne onto any future children, as only women are carriers of Duchenne. Meaning this isn’t something he’ll have to consider (unless his partner is also a DMD carrier).

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WEEK 3
I've looked a bit more in depth at systems theory and it seems like we could include it in our explanation of social work intervention in hospitals and SW's who work with loss of a family member. (Riley) the purple is the stuff I've added

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Erickson's psychosocial stages - I applied it to Alexander. (week 2 )

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Erickson's psychosocial stages - I applied it to Alexander. (week 2 )

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Definition

The attachment of the child to the parent of the opposite sex, accompanied by envious and aggressive feelings toward the parent of the same sex.

Freud said that a boy develops an unconscious infatuation towards his mother, and simultaneously fears his father to be a rival. This happens at an unconscious level.

This means that unconsciously Tom could fear his father and want to do anything to make him proud (rugby)

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Stages of Frued's Child Development Theory (Katie C) week 2

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Stages of Frued's Child Development Theory (Katie C) week 2

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There are 5 stages in Freud's theory:

Stage 1: The Oral Stage

Age Range: Birth to 1 Year

Erogenous Zone: Mouth: The infants  primary source of interaction occurs through the mouth.  The infant will learn to suck and swallow which is important as the mouth is vital for eating.
Because the infant is entirely dependent upon caretakers (who are responsible for feeding the child), the child also develops a sense of trust and comfort through this oral stimulation.
The primary conflict at this stage is the weaning process--the child must become less dependent upon caretakers.

Stage 2: The Anal Stage

Age Range: 1 to 3 years

Erogenous Zone: Bowel and Bladder Control: During the anal stage, Freud believed that the primary focus of the libido was on controlling bladder and bowel movements. The major conflict at this stage is toilet training. The child has to learn to control their bodily needs. Developing this control leads to a sense of accomplishment and independence.
However, not all parents provide the support and encouragement that children need during this stage. Some parents punish, ridicule, or shame a child for accidents.
According to Freud, inappropriate parental responses can result in negative outcomes.

Stage 3: The Phallic Stage

Age Range: 3 to 6 Years

Erogenous Zone: Genitals:
Freud suggested that during the phallic stage, the primary focus of the libido is on the genitals. At this age, children also begin to discover the differences between males and females.​ Freud also believed that boys begin to view their fathers as a rival for the mother’s affections.

Stage 4: The Latent Period

Age Range: 6 to Puberty

Erogenous Zone: Sexual Feelings Are Inactive: During this stage, the superego continues to develop while the id's energies are suppressed. Children develop social skills, values and relationships with peers and adults outside of the family.
The development of the ego and superego contribute to this period of calm. The stage begins around the time that children enter into school and become more concerned with peer relationships, hobbies, and other interests.

Stage 5: The Genital Stage

Age Range: Puberty to Death

Erogenous Zone: Maturing Sexual Interests: The onset of puberty causes the libido to become active once again. During the final stage of psychosexual development, the individual develops a strong sexual interest in the opposite sex. This stage begins during puberty but last throughout the rest of a person's life.
Where in earlier stages the focus was solely on individual needs, interest in the welfare of others grows during this stage. The goal of this stage is to establish a balance between the various life areas.

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The looking-glass self describes the process where individuals base their sense of self on how they believe others view them. The imagination of our appearance to other people, and how they judge the individual.
The 'looking glass self' is used when describing self esteem, and how the individual feels from the thoughts of being judged upon by other people.

How Alexander & Thomas could think others view them:
Thomas:
wealthy - richest man in sussex
clever - engineer and entrepreneur,  with a very successful business so could show his intelligence in business
healthy - being wealthy, he will be able to afford/not worry about any costs of food, bills, access to private medical help if needed
selfish -
only focusing on Alexander getting back to rugby, not wanting to focus on his sons health and him getting better first. Also when he says he doesn't want 2 children ill, shows that he belittles Thomasina because of her muscular dystrophy?
Not letting the grandparents see their grandchildren and by blaming them for his wifes death, could also be seen as selfish as they should have a right to see them - but could be what thomas feels is right for his children?
Alexander:
Athletic - has a passion for rugby, spends a lot of time playing (but could this be from his dad forcing him?)
Pressured - people could see alex as under pressure to be the best person to play rugby
Academic - attends a private school so people could view him as intelligent and 'better' than the rest.
Overall, I think that Thomas's self esteem could be affected - if people know he is a wealthy man in a higher class, he is expected to do well & have children that follow in his footsteps. Alexander is injured and is possibly unable to play due to recovery time and Thomasina is disabled. Without support from their Mother, Thomas could find it difficult to juggle life and manage life that makes him look socially well/stress free. Alexander may feel pressured by his Father and society to be the best he can, to carry on his Fathers legacy and become rich whilst trying to do his best in school and at rugby. It could become stressful on a Alex as he could possibly struggle with societies judgements on him possibly not meeting his fathers/ higher class expectations.

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(Charlie)
Grandparents in the UK are not automatically granted rights for contact with their grandchildren. However, there are steps they can take to maintain contact. The first step being mediation which is an independent mediator who can act as the 'middle person' to try and work out some resolutions to the conflict. A mediation information and assessment meeting (MIAM) would need to take place first. Only after mediation has been tried then Grandparents can apply for permission to be heard at the Family court for child arrangements. The court will decide what is in the best interest of the child(ren). The process can end up being quite costly.

As Thomasina is requesting to live with grandparents, this would need to be explored further but grandparents can potentially become kinship carers for Thomasina if necessary.

I am not 100% sure, but I believe this could relate to conflict theory, but may need to explore this further as we haven't really covered this theory in our lectures yet.

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Welcome to the guide for grandparents' access rights!

At Direct Mediation Services, we deal with countless grandparents who feel lost as to what they can do to have contact with their grandchildren following a relationship breakdown. From our experience we understand that grandparents can really be stuck in the middle when the marriage or relationship of their adult children breaks down. It is difficult to know what to do, and who to contact to arrange contact with the grandchildren. The relationship breakdown in your family is of no fault of your own, but sometimes it can cause you to end up separated from your grandchildren, which is heart-breaking. Whilst grandparents do not usually have the same rights as parents for children, this does not mean that you cannot get contact with your children. Yes, the law is less straightforward for grandparents, which can be very confusing. Where do you start? We have This brief guide is to help you understand your rights and to know what steps to take going forward.
This is information and does not amount to legal advice. It is applicable only to England and Wales. Further information can be found on the government website.

Do I have any rights as a grandparent?

The short answer is no - you don't have automatic rights, but you can apply to the family courts for permission to make applications respective of your grandchildren. The reason for this is the general rule in child arrangements cases is that the applicant must have parental responsibility, which grandparents cannot get without a child arrangements order.

If the court grants permission for you to make an application, then you can apply to see your grandchildren under the Children Act (1989). The courts in your initial application will consider your connection to the child(ren) carefully and will decide whether ordering contact would be in the best interests of your grandchildren. If you have never seen your grandchildren, or saw them infrequently, then it is unlikely the courts will get involved; however, if you saw them regularly and have a strong bond, which you can evidence, then it is more likely the courts will look at your application for permission more favourably. It is not uncommon for the courts to enable grandparents to have contact with their grandchildren.The key here is to explain the role you played in your grandchildren's life up until your contact stopped. It is best to take action to resolve the solution sooner rather than later, and it doesn't always mean going to court.

Mediation is a very effective tool for grandparents and parents to agree on contact and it is strongly advised that mediation is attempted before any court proceedings are initiated. We have supported countless grandparents to achieve this and mediation often works and moreover avoids the difficulties of court proceedings.

What should I do first to try and get contact with my grandchildren?

1. Try and maintain contact - If you can keep the relationship going with both parents and maintain communications this would be best. You may be able to explain that you won't take sides and offer them both support. If you are worried about what to say in a conversation, you might write a letter or email. Always try and make sure that letters and emails are child focused and do not antagonise the situation. Here are a few suggestions that might help:

Explain that you miss your grandchildren and that they will surely miss you.

Say that you are willing to offer practical support during this difficult time.

Offer emotional support if you can, by saying that you are there if they wish to talk.

Suggest that the child is asked about how they feel about future contact.

Explain that you still want to be part of their family, despite what has happened.

By writing, it gives you time to carefully choose your words and to think about the level of support you want to offer. However, this approach may not always be possible, as the level of conflict may be too high, or you may receive a negative response following your attempts. If you do make indirect contact via a letter, an idea is to make sure this is sent via signed/tracked postage so that you can evidence to the court that you sent the letter.

2. Family mediation - A mediator is an independent person who can support you and the parents in trying to reach an agreement regarding the time you spend with your grandchildren. The first step is for you to book a Mediation Information & Assessment Meeting (MIAM). During this you talk about your case and the mediator will take notes and tell you about the mediation process, including the different types, such as face-to-face and shuttle, for cases where there is a high level of conflict. If mediation is suitable, the mediator will then write to the parent(s) inviting them to mediation. If this invitation is accepted, then they will also have a MIAM. Again, if mediation is appropriate, a time and date will be set for mediation to take place. If it is decided that mediation is not the right route, the mediator will issue a mediation certificate, which will allow you to make an application to court for a child arrangements order. Remember that in order to apply for a child arrangements order, you must have attended a MIAM (save for exceptional circumstances). Always make sure your mediator is registered with the Family Mediation Council and can issue a mediation certificate.

3. Family Court - This really should be the very last option to be considered, but it is recognised that sometimes this is the only path available. Courts do not like to intervene into the lives of children, but when the responsible adults cannot find a way forward, and it is for the benefit of the children, then they will. You will need to seek permission to the courts to make a C100 application, so it is very important you organise your evidence of the relationship you have with your grandchildren. Remember, grandparents do not have automatic rights to make applications regarding children so permission must be sought. You can do this by submitting the supplementary C2 form along with the C100 application. Court tends to like dates, times and places. You may have photographs and other types of evidence that you wish to include.

What can I be doing now?

Indirect contact - If you were previously having regular contact, it is important that you try and keep in touch with your grandchildren. However, this can depend on the age of the grandchildren. Before you start this, you may wish to contact the parents out of courtesy to let them know what you plan on doing. At every opportunity, always try and de-escalate the situation.

Your grandchildren may have their own phones or laptops, so you may be able to text or video call. If this is not available, or contact has been prohibited, you might want to consider writing a letter to them. This will let them know that you are still there. Keep the content of your writing neutral and make sure it is child focused. It would be best to avoid the topic of the conflict and focus on subjects such as school, hobbies, friends. You may wish to include a photo of you doing something, or even a small present such as a story book. When you correspond, it is important to take a copy of your letter, save your email or copy your phone log, as it may be used as evidence for any court case that later ensues. This shows that you have maintained contact. If you send letters, you may wish to think about sending them Signed For or Special Delivery. This ensures that they are not lost in the post and that they have reached their destination. It again provides evidence as well that the letters were sent, even if the letters are intercepted. The last point about keeping in touch with your grandchildren, is to do it regularly, even if you don't get a reply. You might think of including a stamped addressed envelope, so it is easy for them to reply. Many grandparents say that writing actually makes them feel better psychologically, as there is a feeling that they are doing something to maintain that bond. It can also be nice for the children to know that you still care about them. Many grandparents tell us that they are worried the situation will impact any future relationship with their grandchildren so maintaining indirect contact, where appropriate, gives some peace of mind.

My son is not on the child's birth certificate. What can I do?

This can be a very difficult situation and you may benefit from getting some legal advice about the options available to you. Your son would only have parental responsibility if he was married to his partner at the time of the birth, or his name was on the child's birth certificate. If this is not the case, and you have contact with your son, you might want to ask your son if he is having contact and if not, try resolving the situation together, rather than working in isolation. Your son may also appreciate your support.

It is common in these situations for two applications to court to be made where mediation has failed - one by the son without parental responsibility and one by the grandparents also seeking contact. Remember that these must be separate applications, so do not do a joint application as both father and grandparent.

How do I make an application to court as a grandparent for contact?

Family court is always the last resort. The process can be expensive and if you engage solicitors or barristers, costs can easily reach £2,000 in preparing for a court hearing. At the subsequent hearings further costs will be incurred. When speaking to legal professionals one tip is to ask for fixed fees for specific stages of the process. This will allow you to manage your finances easier.

Many people think it is necessary to have a solicitor or barrister when you go to court, but this is not the case - you can represent yourself. This is not an unusual situation and many people do it. Since the harsh cuts to the legal aid, many people have been left in a situation where self-representation is the only viable option. This is known as being a "litigant in person". Don't be scared of asking for help or clarification during the court process. Some law firms offer free-half hour appointments which can provide you with some legal advice. You may also be able to manage the process yourself with support from organisations such as the Support Through Court, a community legal centre, or Citizens Advice Bureau.

Do I have an automatic right to make the application as a grandparent?

As mentioned previously, the sad truth is that you, as a grandparent, do not have an automatic right to have contact with your grandchildren. However, it is accepted that the family courts do recognise the important role that grandparents play in the lives of their grandchildren. It is not often that the family court would refuse an application, unless there had been no contact previously, or there was evidence of abuse or violence.

Step 1 - Mediation Information & Assessment Meeting (MIAM)

As stated, if you are going to make an application to the court, you will have to have attempted mediation with an accredited mediator, unless you are exempt. If mediation has not been successful, you will be issued with a mediation certificate, which will allow you to make the application to the courts. The average cost for a Mediation Information & Assessment Meeting (MIAM) ranges from £100 - £300. At Direct Mediation Services, we charge £120 per person per session.

Step 2 - C100 Application

If mediation fails and you are issued with a certificate, then your next step will be to complete an application to court. The C100 application form can be found online. You can either complete it online or print it out. The form can be quite daunting, but we have written a useful guide, which may be of help when completing the form. If you would like to discuss completing the C100 form, please give us a call and we can point you in the right direction. As stated, you will need to apply for permission to make this application, which will require a supplementary form - the C2. Always remember that the child is at the centre of all proceedings and therefore it is best to focus on why the child should have contact with you, not why you should have contact with the child.

There is a fee for the application, which is £215. This is paid to the court. If you are getting benefits or are on a low income, you might get some help paying the fee. We strongly advise using the governments help with fees eligibility checker as if you can get some funding for court proceedings it can really take some of the stress away. You will likely be eligible for help with fees if you receive welfare benefits or are on low income. As grandparents, you may well no longer be working so it is wise to check this before paying any court fees.

Step 3 - CAFCASS (Children and Family Court Advisory and Support Service)

The family court will look at whether or not you can spend time with your grandchild and if so, what sort of contact would be in the child's interest. There are two types: i) Indirect Contact - letters, telephone calls. ii) Direct Contact - seeing your grandchild face to face.

If permission is granted for your application to be heard. The court will appoint a CAFCASS Welfare Officer to speak to everyone involved in the case. The officer will look into all of the issues raise concerning the welfare of the child or children. Following this, a CAFCASS report will be sent to the courts to assist them in deciding on the contact arrangements.

The parties concerned in the proceeding will receive a copy of the CAFCASS report. If it strongly recommends contact to be allowed, you may try and ask the parent to allow contact. If this does not happen, then the case will proceed to a full hearing.

For further information, take a look at our blog post that answers some of the frequently asked questions regarding CAFCASS.

Step 4 - Court Hearing

Understandably, people are often very worried about attending a court hearing. Everyone who works in the court, whether they are a District Judge, a family magistrate or a legal advisor to the court, do the work because they wish to help families. It is not like a criminal court, where someone is going to be found guilty or not guilty. The environment is more supportive, as everyone recognises that there is a child at the centre of the proceedings. In recent years, the family court is making a conscious effort to create a less formal environment in family cases. For example, lawyers very rarely wear full court dress in the family court - it most certainly is not like the criminal court that you see on the TV!

During the hearing, the applicant (you) and the respondent (the parent of your grandchild) will put forward their evidence. You will need to explain how you have been involved in the lives of your grandchildren and the negative impact that not having contact will have on them. The court, when making their decision, will also consider the CAFCASS Officer's report, which comes with recommendations.

If it is in the child's best interest, an order will be made by the court, which will outline how contact will be going forward. Always remember that legal proceedings involving children will always focus on their best interests.

What happens if the parents ignore the court order?

This sometimes happens, which is very frustrating. However, you are able to bring the case back to court and explain that the order has been breached. The family court then has the powers to enforce the order and punish the individual(s) who have disregarded the original order.

Direct Mediation Services

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© 2020 Direct Mediation Services | All Rights Reserved.

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UK Grandparent Access Rights in 2021 - Direct Mediation Services

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At Direct Mediation Services, we deal with countless grandparents who feel lost as to what they can do to have contact with their grandchildren following a relationship breakdown. From our experience we understand that grandparents can really be stuck in the middle when the marriage or relationship of their adult children breaks down.

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WEEK 3.

I am just sending this here because i'm sure this will come into our work at some point and I cannot see it posted anywhere.

There are 7 stages of grief and you can flip flop between the stages and go back and fourth as you process. I am just going to leave this link here as i'm sure it will come in useful.

https://www.healthline.com/health/stages-of-grief#7-stages

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Overview

Grief is universal. At some point in everyone's life, there will be at least one encounter with grief. It may be from the death of a loved one, the loss of a job, the end of a relationship, or any other change that alters life as you know it.

Grief is also very personal. It's not very neat or linear. It doesn't follow any timelines or schedules. You may cry, become angry, withdraw, feel empty. None of these things are unusual or wrong. Everyone grieves differently, but there are some commonalities in the stages and the order of feelings experienced during grief.

In 1969, a Swiss-American psychiatrist named Elizabeth Kübler-Ross wrote in her book "On Death and Dying" that grief could be divided into five stages. Her observations came from years of working with terminally ill individuals.

Her theory of grief became known as the Kübler-Ross model. While it was originally devised for people who were ill, these stages of grief have been adapted for other experiences with loss, too.

The five stages of grief may be the most widely known, but it's far from the only popular stages of grief theory. Several others exist as well, including ones with seven stages and ones with just two.

The five stages of grief are:

Not everyone will experience all five stages, and you may not go through them in this order.

Grief is different for every person, so you may begin coping with loss in the bargaining stage and find yourself in anger or denial next. You may remain for months in one of the five stages but skip others entirely.

Grief is an overwhelming emotion. It's not unusual to respond to the intense and often sudden feelings by pretending the loss or change isn't happening. Denying it gives you time to more gradually absorb the news and begin to process it. This is a common defense mechanism and helps numb you to the intensity of the situation.

As you move out of the denial stage, however, the emotions you've been hiding will begin to rise. You'll be confronted with a lot of sorrow you've denied. That is also part of the journey of grief, but it can be difficult.

Where denial may be considered a coping mechanism, anger is a masking effect. Anger is hiding many of the emotions and pain that you carry. This anger may be redirected at other people, such as the person who died, your ex, or your old boss. You may even aim your anger at inanimate objects.

While your rational brain knows the object of your anger isn't to blame, your feelings in that moment are too intense to feel that.

Anger may mask itself in feelings like bitterness or resentment. It may not be clear-cut fury or rage. Not everyone will experience this stage, and some may linger here. As the anger subsides, however, you may begin to think more rationally about what's happening and feel the emotions you've been pushing aside.

During grief, you may feel vulnerable and helpless. In those moments of intense emotions, it's not uncommon to look for ways to regain control or to want to feel like you can affect the outcome of an event. In the bargaining stage of grief, you may find yourself creating a lot of "what if" and "if only" statements.

It's also not uncommon for religious individuals to try to make a deal or promise to God or a higher power in return for healing or relief from the grief and pain. Bargaining is a line of defense against the emotions of grief. It helps you postpone the sadness, confusion, or hurt.

Whereas anger and bargaining can feel very "active," depression may feel like a "quiet" stage of grief.

In the early stages of loss, you may be running from the emotions, trying to stay a step ahead of them. By this point, however, you may be able to embrace and work through them in a more healthful manner. You may also choose to isolate yourself from others in order to fully cope with the loss.

That doesn't mean, however, that depression is easy or well defined. Like the other stages of grief, depression can be difficult and messy. It can feel overwhelming. You may feel foggy, heavy, and confused.

Depression may feel like the inevitable landing point of any loss. However, if you feel stuck here or can't seem to move past this stage of grief, talk with a mental health expert. A therapist can help you work through this period of coping.

Acceptance is not necessarily a happy or uplifting stage of grief. It doesn't mean you've moved past the grief or loss. It does, however, mean that you've accepted it and have come to understand what it means in your life now.

You may feel very different in this stage. That's entirely expected. You've had a major change in your life, and that upends the way you feel about many things. Look to acceptance as a way to see that there may be more good days than bad, but there may still be bad - and that's OK.

The seven stages of grief are another popular model for explaining the many complicated experiences of loss. These seven stages include:

Shock and denial. This is a state of disbelief and numbed feelings.

Pain and guilt. You may feel that the loss is unbearable and that you're making other people's lives harder because of your feelings and needs.

Anger and bargaining. You may lash out, telling God or a higher power that you'll do anything they ask if they'll only grant you relief from these feelings.

Depression. This may be a period of isolation and loneliness during which you process and reflect on the loss.

The upward turn. At this point, the stages of grief like anger and pain have died down, and you're left in a more calm and relaxed state.

Reconstruction and working through. You can begin to put pieces of your life back together and carry forward.

Acceptance and hope. This is a very gradual acceptance of the new way of life and a feeling of possibility in the future.

As an example, this may be the presentation of stages from a breakup or divorce:

Shock and denial: "She absolutely wouldn't do this to me. She'll realize she's wrong and be back here tomorrow."

Pain and guilt: "How could she do this to me? How selfish is she? How did I mess this up?"

Anger and bargaining: "If she'll give me another chance, I'll be a better boyfriend. I'll dote on her and give her everything she asks."

Depression: "I'll never have another relationship. I'm doomed to fail everyone."

The upward turn: "The end was hard, but there could be a place in the future where I could see myself in another relationship."

Reconstruction and working through: "I need to evaluate that relationship and learn from my mistakes."

Acceptance and hope: "I have a lot to offer another person. I just have to meet them."

The key to understanding grief is realizing that no one experiences the same thing. Grief is very personal, and you may feel something different every time. You may need several weeks, or grief may be years long.

If you decide you need help coping with the feelings and changes, a mental health professional is a good resource for vetting your feelings and finding a sense of assurance in these very heavy and weighty emotions.

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Stages of Grief: General Patterns for Breakups, Divorce, Loss, More

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The stages of grief are an overall timeline of how you might progress through the loss of a job, loved one, relationship, or other difficult life event. However, everyone experiences grief differently. We'll go through the stages and tell you what you might expect, but know that there's no right way to grieve.

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WEEK 3.
A really good understanding of the break down of each section.

https://www.simplypsychology.org/maslow.html

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Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is a motivational theory in psychology comprising a five-tier model of human needs, often depicted as hierarchical levels within a pyramid.

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(From the handbook)

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If the father had a social worker to help with the grief of losing his wife he may have acted differently towards the children and grandparents. He may not have put so much pressure on Alexander whilst playing rugby.

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WEEK 3
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1. Physiological needs.

Tom Edwards needs are being met as he comes from a place of privilege and has money for shelter, clothes, food, drink and warmth. He is not in financial struggle.

2. Safety needs.

From the outside Tom's safety needs are being satisfied. However, his control over his sons rugby games are being threatened and whilst this is not something that for others seem serious for Tom it's become a level of security and safety. A sense of some kind of normality. As this is being threatened, it is causing him some emotional imbalance.
After loosing his wife it makes me wonder if the reason he is so passionate about his sons games is that he has latched onto it as a form of escapism. With the potential of this being taken away and with extra anger from his grief it is deemed as a threat and his "safety net/bubble" is falling apart.

3. Love and belonging.
I think this is a really important part of the pyramid for Tom. After loosing his wife his grief would be very intense as the intimate, loving and closeness of a partnership has ended.
He is angry at his wifes parents which also is another severed tie so it could actually be seen that he's lost 3 relationships instead of just one.
He may be as severely invested in his sons rugby team because because it brings him a sense of belonging.
Another part of this section of the pyramid stated that belonging includes trust and acceptance. However, it seems that because of his wifes death he is mistrusting towards her parents (for example, he blames them for her death as the accident happened at their house, and he now doesn't want them near his children. So therefor he no longer trusts them.) This can make him feel dis-trusting to others and perhaps why he is lashing out at others who have been there to care for his daughter.

4. Self-esteem

Maslow catergorised that self-steem has two aspects.
1. esteem of ones self.
2. the desire for reputation.

Looking at Tom objectively another reason that he may be so angry about his son being ill and potentially not being able to play rugby is that he doesn't want his public image to be threatened. He is painting himself in society as a real family man, a team player.

*his daughter is sick, but on paper he is funding pioneering research into her condition to help keep her alive and is her biggest support.
*his son a talented rugby player with great potential. He is the main sponsor of the team.

This paints his ego/persona/appearance as someone who is prestigious and gives him status within the community. The idealic home life.

However, now his son is injured, this challenges his picture perfect life that he has tried to portray. Suddenly his position and public image is being threatened and there is a potential change in narrative.

from:
*Rich man with wife, poorly daughter but leads funding pioneering research to try and save her life, rugby playing son who has great potential, funds the rugby team.
Big beautiful house, kitchen staff and private nurses.

to:
*Widow, poorly but rebellious daughter who is acting out, son who could of been a star no longer able to play and has sustained long term injuries, lost family (grand parents), can't maintain long standing staff (daughters nurse), potential loss of daughter and she wants to "abandon" him to live with her grandparents.

This could heavily impact his self esteem.

Self actualization needs:

I feel that Tom could potentially be in "crissis" or having an identity crisis.
After loosing his wife, he is trying to continue his picture perfect through the looking glass life. However, everything is being threatened with his daughter acting out and now his sons injury.
He could be feeling lost and overwhelmed by the situations and he hasn't processed his grief for his wife. As shown by his anger towards his late wifes parents.
He is throwing everything into his children. Adding pressure onto them to maintain his picture perfect image he has.
To me it seems that he is doing this because he is lost within himself and needs a sense of direction after the loss of his wife. Often during grief people need to find a sense of purpose and direct and so hyper focus on the others they need to look after. They then tend to ignore the needs of themselves and instead just go through the motions of every day life. If Tom has never addressed his wifes death in a productive way, or acted in a way of self care so that he can process what has happened, then he may be feeling pretty lost within himself. With his sons rugby being threatened this would negatively affect him more than it regularly should as he hasn't addressed the bigger issue.

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how social work  is supposed to help with grief. 

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how social work  is supposed to help with grief. 

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Set a social worker who has training in grief.
Talk therapy (listen to client and family)
Companions.
Support people on all stages of grief
Help family acknowledge and come to terms with their loss and move forward.
Help get reduce anxiety, depression and family strain.
Give them coping mechanisms.
Make referrals to relevant resources (therapist)
Carry out risk assessments within family home. (tension, alcohol/drug abuse)

Charlie;
Signpost to specific grief services such as 'Cruse Bereavement Centre' for specialist support

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Consider anti oppressive and anti-discriminatory practice

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Consider anti oppressive and anti-discriminatory practice

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to fit with learning outcome:
‘Evaluate how political and social processes, oppression, discrimination and racism impact on human development’.

Definitions
Discrimination: Treating people unfairly on the basis of a characteristic they share with others. Relevant legislation includes:
Equal Pay Act (1970)
Sex Discrimination Act (1975)
Race Relations Act (1976)
Disability Discrimination Act (1995)
The Equality Act (2010) identified ‘protected characteristics’ of:
Age, disability, gender re-assignment; marriage and civil partnership; pregnancy and maternity; race; religion or belief; sex; sexual orientation.
In relation to those with protected characteristics, social workers should work towards increasing equality of opportunity and fostering good relations with these people groups.

Anti-Discrimination: A social work stance that seeks to address individual service users experiences of instances of unfair treatment on the basis of age, class, disability, ethnicity, gender, race and sexuality (Harris & White, 2018).

Anti- Oppression: A framework that encompasses a range of struggles for social justice in response to the social divisions in society and the oppressions that stem from them (Harris & White, 2018).

Tom Edwards, Aged 53 years
Widower – May find that he is discriminated against for being a single parent

Shows concern about how he will cope if he were to have two sick children (referring to disabled daughter and the potential long-term effects of son Alexander’s head injury). This may indicate that Tom is aware that discrimination is a real issue for those with disabilities and their families.

Tom is one of the richest men in Sussex. He holds positions of power in the workplace as a successful entrepreneur and also at the rugby club where he is the main sponsor. He holds positions of power and could use them to his advantage. For example, he has used his position within the rugby club to try to get James Davis barred from attending games, so that James cannot see Alex.

Daughter Thomasina asks the hospital social worker, in the absence of her father, that she does not wish to live at home anymore and wants to move in with grandparents. This indicates that she may be experiencing oppression and being discriminated against by her father Tom, possibly due to her disability. Tom refers to having sick children in a negative way, earlier in the case study.

Alex is experiencing a sense of powerlessness at the hospital. He doesn’t know what he will do if he can’t play rugby.

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The PCS Model refers to the need to recognise that discrimination operates at three separate but interrelated levels - the personal, cultural and structural which interact with one another. PCS Model explains how and why discrimination occurs which leads to oppression. (the use of power by one group/individual to disempower or  dominance over another group/individual).
Personal - individuals thoughts, feelings, attitudes and actions.
Thomas - more interested in Alexander playing rugby than his other child who now wants to move away to her Grandparents. He didn't want 2 children sick, which could be upsetting for Thomasina as she could take it as her dad not wanting his other children to be like her.
Cultural - shared ways of thinking and doing. What is right and what is normal?
Structural - how oppression is part of society.
Family are high class, plenty of money and own one of the biggest houses in sussex.

(I will add more, i'm just a bit stuck on cultural/ structural, so will discuss with Paula tomorrow)

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I've added some research I think may be relevant for now. When we actually do attachment theory in class i'll be able to add more to this document but I think it's a good starting point
(Riley)

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social worker intervention at the hospital

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social worker intervention at the hospital

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hey guys, it's Sarah.
so I have done some research about what a hospital social worker actually does so that I could understand fully what they are able to do and their limitations.
I have a few website links to add to as it has some good references that may also be good for our essays! So i'll add them in!

so at a basic level hospital social workers act as liasons so patients and their families can get the best care. They're primarily a point of contact for patients. They help come up with a hospital plan, as well as after care, they can also act as a source of knowledge about the illness or injury so can help the family and patient to fully understand what they are dealing with.
They help provide emotional support through therapy, counselling and help organise support in after care too. (So like at home etc)

Some limitations to this are that they cannot undermine the responsible adult if they are sound of mind. They're also under time constraints within their job so that they get through the turnover of patients that need them and they can get told off and prosecuted if they don't provide solid aftercare.

As the father is obviously unstable, I did a little further research and found that the police would of likely have been called in the hospital when the fight broke out. In this case, a police officer would likely come and investigate, the family would most likely be offered a family support social worker, and offered counselling to help them through the stressful time. If the father was found to be stable and decided to pull his son out of the hospital there and then, then there isn't anything that the hospital social worker could do except for plan aftercare and ensure that the family have support afterwards.

I have attached a link to a website (hoping it's worked, that i found particularly helpful) the information i found about the fight and protocol was actually a newspaper article where by a fight broke out in a hospital between patients and the police were called.

https://blacgoss.com/fight-breaks-out-in-london-hospital-waiting-room/

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Support for the family to address their grief.
Family mediation between father and Grandparents

Interventions relating to disability support as well as doing some work around radical groups regarding the extinction rebellion rallies. Possible strength based practice or signs of safety.

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The environment is potentially stressful. Dad being a widowed father bringing up children alone (one child with disabilities).

Loss of mother in 2019.
Diagnoses of Thomasina's disability
Abrupt departure of long standing nurse