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Nelson Mandela was born
in the Eastern Cape - Polynesia Mandela
to the chief of "Vessel"

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After a disagreement
Government stripped the chief of his title and land - moved to Puno

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The family walked many miles to "Puno" where they settled.

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Nelson Mandela loved living in Puno.
He was free to play and run in the fields.

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death of his dad, he was 9 years old when his father died.

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He was taken in education by the regent "Jong in Dhaba". He had to be strong.
He went to a boarding school where he worked hard.
He was one of a few African children go to high school

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joined a student boycott - stood up for change

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Nelson Mandela, Oliver Tambo, Walter Sisulu and a few others formed the ANC Youth League

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National party came to power; started racial segregation

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Prime Minister Malan warned white South Africans to fear black compatriots and communism

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Mandela became volunteer in chief of the defiance campaign

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Volunteers broke 6 apartheid laws; thousands were arrested;
Few months later Mandela an other leaders were banned
- was not allowed to meet more than one person at a time
- not allowed to leave Johannesburg

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black, white, coloured and Indian organisations collected demands for free South Africa -> together Freedom Charter

Soon 156 leaders were arrested on charges on high treason
Trial lasted 4,5 years

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69 unarmed protestors were shot by police in Shopville massacre

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State of emergency was declared
Mandela and thousands were arrested
ANC and PSC were banned

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Mandela went underground

ANC formed armed organisation "Umkhonto we Sizwe"

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Mandela left country illegally for military training

17 months later he was arrested

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Mandela found guilty of inciting workers to strike and illegally leaving the country, sentenced to 5 years inprisonment in Pretoria
comrades were charged too

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petition all over the world to free Mandela
offered conditional freedom- they refused

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Mandela got released by new president

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Mandela was released on 11th of February 1990 from prison. He promised every victim of the apartheid reconcilitation (Versöhnung). But there were problems and Mandela was convinced the governement was involved.

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In December 1991, conversations about democracy started.

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In June 1993 right-wing groups interrupted the talks. Mandela called the UN for help, so the conversations can continue. The right-wing groups still tried to sabotage the conversations by killing Chris Hani (one of the main opponents of the apartheid). But Mandela did not give up until a date for the election was set.

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Under 20 million people, Mandela got about 60 percent of the votes. On the 10th of May 1994 Mandela was elected as president and promised to be faithful to the republic of South Africa.

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Mandela died