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FINAL SCRIPT FORUM DISCUSSION GROUP 4.docx

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1. https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2017/07/19/social-media-bullying-has-great-negative-impacts-says-expert/1424521
2.
https://www.mcmc.gov.my/skmmgovmy/media/General/pdf/Internet-Users-Survey-2018.pdf
3.
https://www.mcmc.gov.my/skmmgovmy/files/attachments/ContentCode.pdf
4.
https://cdn.lb.my/sites/9/20170407162654/Issues-paper-on-cyberharassment-FINAL.pdf

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KUCHING, July 19 - Social media bullying has gone so far and have great negative impacts, said International Association for Suicide Prevention (IASP) president Professor Ella Arensmen.

Types of social media bullying include posting negative comments on pictures, posting abusive posts on a user's wall, using pictures or videos to make fun of another user, using social media to stalk, hacking an account or fraudulently making posts as though another person wrote them.

"The negative impact of social media bullying has gone beyond countries and is difficult to intervene," she said at a press conference after the opening of the 29th World Congress of The International Association for Suicide Prevention (IASP) and the 21st Malaysian Conference of Psychological Medicine (MCPM) at the Borneo Convention Centre Kuching (BCCK) here today.

It was officiated by Sarawak Chief Minister Datuk Amar Abang Johari Tun Openg.

She said there was a need to raise awareness that suicide and mental health difficulties are a serious public health problem but the condition is preventable and treatment available.

Meanwhile the conference organising chairman Professor T. Maniam said the incidence of people committing suicide in Malaysia was still low as compared to other countries like Japan and Korea.

He said the rate in Malaysia is six to eight persons per 100,000 people, which is about 2,000 persons a year while in some countries the rate is 20 per 100,000 people.

"Suicide cases in Malaysia, however, remain a worrying and traumatic issue and suicidal behaviour is a growing cause for concern as suicide cases have increased over the past years," he said, adding that suicide was due to depression and combination of several other factors.

The conference, which started yesterday and ends on July 22, will address a wide range of topics such as national suicide prevention programmes, clinical and psychosocial interventions, helplines, mental health promotion, culture, high-risk groups, epigenetics, suicide bereavement support, suicide and media, decriminalisation of suicide and restricting access to lethal means. - Bernama

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Social media bullying has great negative impacts, says expert | Malay Mail

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KUCHING, July 19 - Social media bullying has gone so far and have great negative impacts, said International Association for Suicide Prevention (IASP) president Professor Ella Arensmen. Types of social media bullying include posting negative comments on pictures, posting abusive posts on a...

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1.
https://universe.byu.edu/2014/08/22/technology-is-it-making-kids-anti-social/
2.
https://www.hitechwhizz.com/2021/01/6advantages-and-disadvantages-drawbacks-benefits-of-internet-for-students.html
3.
https://www.seniorlifestyle.com/resources/blog/use-internet-communicate-better/
4.
https://www.edrawsoft.com/internet-use.html

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Technology: Is it making kids anti-social? - The Daily Universe

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What used to be a crowded community park is now filled with silence and a few occasional visitors, thanks to technology’s effects on children. Most children and teens spend 75 percent of their waking lives with their eyes fixed on a screen, according to a recent study performed by the International…

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PROJECT TIMELINE DOES INTERNET HARMING TEENAGERS

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1.
https://parents.au.reachout.com/skills-to-build/wellbeing/technology-and-teenagers

2.
https://www.fusionacademy.com/resources/technology-and-our-teens/

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It can often seem like teenagers are using technology and the internet for a large part of the day. It's hard to know where the line falls between safe, rewarding use and overuse of technology. This page can help you to find out more about how your child uses technology, whether they are using it responsibly, and when there might be a problem with how they are spending their time online.

why teenagers use technology so much and what they're using it for

about the risks and effects of technology on teenagers

what problems to look out for

how to help your child use technology safely.

How and why teenagers use technology

Understanding teenagers and technology can seem a little overwhelming. It sometimes seems like teenagers' lives revolve around their phones and technology. From the internet and social media, to phones, apps, games, television and other types of technology, technology is increasingly becoming an essential part of our lives. Many young people - often referred to as 'digital natives' - haven't known it any other way.

Young people use the internet and social media to:

connect with, comment on and discuss things with others, through social networking, emailing and online messaging

find, create or share interesting photos, videos and articles

join or follow interest groups

play online games

learn more about topics that interest them

as a study tool for school.

Potential benefits of technology for teens

Young people love going online, for very good reason. By using the internet, they can:

Research shows that the things that help young people have a positive experience online are:

having a good understanding of the internet and how online media work (including things like privacy settings)

having the skills to critically understand, analyse and create content that adds value for themselves and others.

If young people understand what it means to be a good 'digital citizen', you have every reason to trust them with managing their own internet use, just as you trust them to act responsibly when they're at school and out with friends.

Potential risks for teenagers

It's important to remember that, just as teenagers need to have good boundaries and rules for offline behaviour, and the guidance and morals to make good decisions, they also need these things to protect them when online.

Some risks associated with being online are:

Cyberbullying: This is when people use technology to embarrass, harass or bully someone. Cyberbullying can include posting mean or untrue statements, making fake online profiles intended to embarrass people, sharing embarrassing photos, and more.

Trolling: This is when people deliberately try to start arguments or to upset people on the internet, often causing considerable distress.

Isolation: Too much time spent online and using technology is time not spent face-to-face with family and friends, which can create barriers and contribute to a sense of isolation.

Inappropriate material: Teenagers posting inappropriate pictures or content online, or sharing such material with friends, may humiliate themselves or others.

Inappropriate relationships: Strangers or others may try to form inappropriate relationships with young people.

Being aware of these risks is the first step in helping your teenager to manage them.

How much time are young people spending on screen-based activity?

A 2017 study by The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne found that young people aged 13 to 18 spend on average, 43.6 hours a week on screen-based activity at home (6.2 hours a day). The vast majority of Australian teenagers aged 13 to 18 were reported to own a smartphone and/or tablet.

A strong relationship was found between parental screen time and that of their children - parents who reported high levels of screen-based use themselves were more likely to report having children with high levels of screen-based use. Undertaking a screen audit for the whole family can be a useful way to figure out everyone's technology use.

What is a healthy limit to set for my teenager?

Two hours used to be the golden rule for the amount of screen time young people should be allowed per day. That's now being revised because it just isn't realistic in the modern world where technology is used for education and social networking, as well as for entertainment. It's more important to set limits on recreational screen time, and to focus on the quality of what your children are doing on their devices.

Ask questions like:

Where is my child looking for information? How do they know it's good quality?

What kind of games and apps is my child using?

Are they using their screen time for distraction or procrastination?

These sorts of questions will help you find the line between healthy and unhealthy use of technology for your family.

It's all about balance

All of us, especially young people, need to learn how to exercise moderation in the things we spend time on. Technology for teens is fun and allows them to stay connected to their friends and family, which is important. Some teenagers will do this by spending a lot of time connecting with their friends on social media, or by hanging out with other 'gamers' when playing multi-player games online. That's okay!

But it's important to support them to balance that with physical exercise, learning, and other types of play, and to make sure they leave enough time in their week for face-to-face time with people...Your teen is never too old to go for a screen-free walk with you, or have screen-free dinners around a table!

Find things to try to help your child with technology.

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Technology and teenagers - ReachOut Parents

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Sometimes it can feel like teenagers and technology are inseparable, so it can be hard to tell the difference between safe and risky usage. Learn about warning signs and healthy limits via our website.

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1. https://www.sciencenewsforstudents.org/article/internet-use-may-harm-teen-health
2. https://www.hitechwhizz.com/2021/01/6-advantages-and-disadvantages-drawbacks-benefits-of-internet-for-students.html
3. https://www.stepstorecovery.com/rehab-blog/internet-addiction-in-teenagers/#:~:text=If%20your%20teenager%20is%20showing,with%20friends%20and%20social%20activities
4. https://childmind.org/article/is-social-media-use-causing-depression/

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Connecting with other teens online may be fun. But spending too much time on the Internet could lead to health problems, a new study reports. Heavy Internet use appears able to put teens at serious risk of high blood pressure, it finds.

As the term suggests, high blood pressure exerts extra outward pressure on vessel walls. With exercise, blood pressure increases. At rest, that pressure should return to a relatively low, background level. But in some people, it remains relatively elevated, even at rest.

High blood pressure in children and teens often continues into adulthood, says Andrea Cassidy-Bushrow, who led the new study. That's a problem, she says. Persistent high blood pressure can trigger serious health problems, from kidney disease and memory loss to eye damage and heart disease or stroke.

Cassidy-Bushrow works at the Henry Ford Health System in Detroit, Mich. As an epidemiologist, she investigates causes of illness.

Obesity and diets high in salt are among factors known to boost blood pressure. But researchers worry that other, less obvious, factors also may play a role. Previous studies had linked screen time - watching television or playing on a computer - and high blood pressure. One possible reason: Teens on screens get less exercise, Cassidy-Bushrow says. But Internet use also has been linked to depression and obesity. And that's for Internet use, specifically, not just screen time as a whole, she points out.

What might make Internet use more dangerous? It isn't passive, like watching TV, Cassidy-Bushrow explains. There's also the growing risk of cyberbullying, which can make it more stressful than other types of screen time.

What's more, Internet connections are available in 98 percent of U.S. public schools. With cell phones and other mobile devices, the Internet can be as close as the touch of a button for most tweens and teens. And it's available around the clock. Frequent Internet use has been linked to anxiety, addiction and social isolation. All of these are associated with high blood pressure in adults.

So the researchers recruited 331 adolescents, aged 14 to 17, to study whether Internet use might influence blood pressure in teens.

In the lab, the scientists measured each teen's blood pressure, height and weight. They used some of these data to calculate each teen's body mass index, or BMI. BMI is one way to look at whether somebody is over- or underweight. The teens also answered questions about how much time they spend on the Internet. This included both the number of hours per day as well as the number of days per week.

Nearly all of the teens had used the Internet during the week before their lab visit. Most reported accessing the Internet both at home and at school. Most also reported moderate to heavy Internet use. The researchers defined heavy use as two or more hours each and every day. Moderate use involved less than two hours a day on five to seven days a week. Light users accessed the internet for less than two hours a day and on no more than four days a week.

Four out of 10 teens used the Internet more than two hours every day. Nineteen percent of these heavy users had high blood pressure. That's compared to just seven percent of light users. Another four in ten teens reported moderate use. These teens had moderately high blood pressure.

The findings appear in the October 2015 Journal of School Nursing.

"It's an interesting study," says Ellen Wartella. She is a psychologist at Northwestern University in Evanston, Ill. But, she points out, the study has a major limitation: The researchers measured blood pressure only once for each teen. However, she notes, "We know it varies considerably." So a single data point for each person may not accurately reflect a teen's average daily blood pressure.

Cassidy-Bushrow agrees that more research needs to be done. However, she adds, single blood-pressure readings have been used in other studies. For now, she recommends that school nurses screen students for high blood pressure and moderate to heavy Internet use.

Education and training for teens, teachers and parents also could help ensure that teens find a healthy balance in their online life, she says. That could go a long way in helping protect the health of people growing up in this digital age.

Power Words

addiction The uncontrolled use of a habit-forming drug or uncontrolled and unhealthy habit (such as video game playing or phone texting). It results from an illness triggered by brain changes that occur after using some drugs or engaging in some extremely pleasurable activities. People with an addiction will feel a compelling need to use a drug (which can be alcohol, the nicotine in tobacco, a prescription drug or an illegal chemical such as cocaine or heroin), even when the user knows that doing so risks severe health or legal consequences.

adolescence A transitional stage of physical and psychological development that begins at the onset of puberty, typically between the ages of 11 and 13, and ends with adulthood.

anxiety A nervous disorder causing excessive uneasiness and apprehension. People with anxiety may even develop panic attacks.

behavior The way a person or other organism acts towards others, or conducts itself.

body mass index ( BMI) A person's weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters. BMI can be used to measure if someone is overweight or obese. However, because BMI does not account for how much muscle or fat a person has, it is not an accurate measure.

bullying (v. to bully) A group of repeated behaviors that are mean-spirited. They can include teasing, spreading rumors about someone, saying hurtful things to someone and intentionally leaving someone out of groups or activities. Sometimes bullying can include attacks using violence (such as hitting), threats of violence, yelling at someone or abusing someone with violent language. Much bullying takes place in person. But it also may occur online, through emails or via text messages. Newer examples including making fake profiles of people on websites or posting embarrassing photos or videos on social media.

cyber A prefix that refers to computers or to a type of system in which computerized or online communication occurs.

depression A mental illness characterized by persistent sadness and apathy. Although these feelings can be triggered by events, such as the death of a loved one or the move to a new city, that isn't typically considered an "illness" - unless the symptoms are prolonged and harm an individual's ability to perform normal daily tasks (such as working, sleeping or interacting with others). People suffering from depression often feel they lack the energy needed to get anything done. They may have difficulty concentrating on things or showing an interest in normal events. Many times, these feelings seem to be triggered by nothing; they can appear out of nowhere.

digital age A term used to describe the modern era with widespread use of computers and reliance on computing.

epidemiologist Like health detectives, these researchers figure out what causes a particular illness and how to limit its spread.

high blood pressure The common term for a medical condition known as hypertension. It puts a strain on blood vessels and the heart.

obesity Extreme overweight. Obesity is associated with a wide range of health problems, including type 2 diabetes and high blood pressure.

psychology The study of the human mind, especially in relation to actions and behavior. Scientists and mental-health professionals who work in this field are known as psychologists.

social (adj.) Relating to gatherings of people; a term for animals (or people) that prefer to exist in groups. (noun) A gathering of people, for instance those who belong to a club or other organization, for the purpose of enjoying each other's company.

sodium A basic building block of table salt (a molecule of which consists of one atom of sodium and one atom of chlorine: NaCl).

tween A child just approaching his or her teenage years. Tween is a term usually used for 11- to 12-years olds.

Citations

A.P. Stevens. " Explainer: What is anxiety?" Science News for Students. October 22, 2015.

B. Brookshire. " Hands-free but still distracted." Science News for Students. May 14, 2015.

S. Ornes. " Back off, bullies!" Science News for Students. May 12, 2015.

A.P. Stevens. " Stress for success." Science News for Students. March 20, 2015.

A. Bridges. " Screen time can mess with the body's 'clock'." Science News for Students. February 9, 2015.

K. Kowalski. " Watch out: Cell phones can be addictive." Science News for Students. September 17, 2014.

J. Raloff. " Screen time: Most U.S. teens overindulge." Science News for Students. July 31, 2014.

H. Westrup. " Loneliness can breed disease." Science News for Students. April 19, 2014.

S. Ornes. " Kids with 'adult' problems." Science News for Students. July 2, 2012.

E. Sohn. " Internet generation." Science News for Students. October 16, 2006.

Learn more about high blood pressure here, from the National Institutes of Health.

Original Journal Source: A.E. Cassidy-Bushrow et al. Time spent on the Internet and adolescent blood pressure. The Journal of School Nursing. Vol. 31, October 2015, p. 374. doi: 10.1177/1059840514556772.

Alison Pearce Stevens is a former biologist and forever science geek who writes about science and nature for kids. She lives with her husband, their two kids and a small menagerie of cuddly (and not-so cuddly) critters.

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Connecting with other teens online may be fun. But spending too much time on the Internet could lead to health problems, a new study reports. Heavy Internet use appears able to put teens at serious risk of high blood pressure, it finds. As the term suggests, high blood pressure exerts extra outward pressure on vessel walls.

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1. https://www.assetpanda.com/resource-center/blog/student-internet-access/
2. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6299120/
3. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/04/coronavirus-education-global-covid19-online-digital-learning/
4. https://www.hitechwhizz.com/2021/01/6-advantages-and-disadvantages-drawbacks-benefits-of-internet-for-students.html

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Technological advancements aren't equally available to all students. Education today is subject to a digital divide that makes equal access to the internet impossible. Students without internet access miss out on a huge educational opportunity, which in turn impacts the future of the country. Smarter citizens will create better solutions and increase the quality of life for everyone involved.

Innovative schools are leading the way when it comes to providing internet access to vulnerable students. This example can help schools in underprivileged environments provide a way for their students to succeed in the 21 st century.

The Digital Divide in America's Schools

70% of schools nationwide don't have a high-speed internet connection. High-speed internet allows users to keep up with growing website demands and access information in a timely manner. Not having this valuable asset makes it difficult for students to access educational videos on YouTube, articles addressing current events which impact their lives, and online tests or quizzes required in their coursework.

Why Internet Access is Critical to Modern Education

90% of the information on the internet has been created in the past year. Having access to the internet allows students to keep up with information that might not make it into textbooks, or that might become outdated by the time it is published in a traditional format.

Having access to this information empowers students to take charge of their education, and the research backs that up. Test scores from after they were given access to Internet-capable devices. Other studies showed that discipline issues decreased when students were able to use technology to help with their studies.

How Students Without Internet or Computers at Home Fall Behind

Low-income students often don't have access to devices at home. With the wealth of information and educational resources available on the internet, students that come from working-class families can improve their social standing and can even help their families get out of poverty. But without internet access, they're prevented from any opportunities which could greatly improve their quality of life.

Laptop and Tablet Lending Programs

Schools that want to institute a laptop and tablet lending program face issues in doing so. Without a way to track these educational assets, they could easily follow after hundreds of businesses who have in one year. The majority of schools across the nation have limited funding across the board, let alone have enough set aside to replace missing technology. However, not providing students with access to the internet prevents them from obtaining the skills they need to perform well in today's job market.

How Public-Private Partnerships Provide Schools with Internet and Devices

Organizations like makes it possible for schools to provide internet capable devices to their students.

There are also a number of state and non-profit organizations dedicated to helping bridge the digital divide. These organizations have helped for technology implementation that benefits students from all income levels. Teaching takes a lot of time, so it can seem overwhelming to implement an asset tracking solution. However, an can save a lot of time AND money for educational environments. Asset tracking systems make it more difficult for technology to disappear, ensuring students will continue to retain access to the technology necessary to succeed. This will enable your school to make the most out of your tech budget, and continue providing internet to less privileged students. Educational staff and other tech-focused companies agree that lower-income families need internet access. Providing accessible technology helps students enter the job market prepared, instead of entering with a handicap compared to those with easy internet access. Laptop lending programs are a great way to give lower-income students a way to access the internet. Some commercial ISPs and other organizations are working to provide schools with industry standard internet speeds. In one instance, with gigabit internet connection to help students take advantage of home internet access to improve their studies.

can also be customized to help schools make the most of the technology they're able to obtain. This ensures that all of their tech budgets are used to help students access the internet and improve their studies with online resources.

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Why Today's Student Must Have Internet Access (and How To Provide It)

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Technological advancements aren't equally available to all students. Education today is subject to a digital divide that makes equal access to the internet impossible. Students without internet access miss out on a huge educational opportunity, which in turn impacts the future of the country.

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ELC 501 draft- Aisya Sofea binti Zainul Ekhwan

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NUR BATRISYIA BINTI MOHD SHAMSUNIZAM - DRAFT FORUM

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Name : Abdul Rahman Aziz
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