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Mount Vesuvius Erupts

The eruption of Mount Vesuvius in the year 79 was one of the most famous and deadly volcanic eruptions in the history of Europe, which was witnessed and documented by Pliny the Younger. Although it has traditionally been dated to the night of August 24, Different studies and archaeological finds have proven that it must have happened in the autumn or winter of the same year,3 specifically on October 24.4561

This catastrophe reached the cities of Pompeii, Herculaneum and Stabiae, which were buried by various layers of volcanic ash and would not be excavated until the 18th century, as well as other surrounding areas. The total population in these cities was between 16,000 and 20,000 people; the remains of about 1,500 people have been found in Pompeii and Herculaneum, but the total number of deceased is unknown.

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Earthquake Northquake in China

The 1556 Shaanxi earthquake (formerly romanized Shensi), known in Chinese colloquially by its regnal year as  (Jiājìng Dàdìzhèn) or professionally by its epicenter as (Huàxiàn Dìzhèn), occurred in the early morning of 23 January 1556 in Huaxian, Shaanxi during the Ming dynasty.

Most of the residents there lived in yaodongs—artificial caves in loess cliffs—which collapsed and buried alive those sleeping inside. Modern estimates put the direct deaths from the earthquake at over 100,000, while over 700,000 migrated away or died from famine and plagues, which summed up to a total loss of 830,000 people in Imperial records.[3][4][5] It is one of the most fatal earthquakes in China, in turn making it one of the top disasters in China by death toll.

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Hurricane Katrina in United States

Hurricane Katrina was one of the most destructive and deadliest of the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season. It is the most economically damaging hurricane, as well as one of the five deadliest hurricanes, in the history of the United States.3 Likewise, Hurricane Katrina is the sixth most intense of all registered Atlantic hurricanes. At least two thousand people died due to the hurricane itself or the resulting floods, making it the deadliest hurricane in the United States since the San Felipe II hurricane of 1928; the total figure for property damage was originally estimated at $125 billion (2005 USD)

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Earthquake in San Francisco

"San Francisco earthquake" redirects here. For the 1989 earthquake, see 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. For the 2014 earthquake, see 2014 South Napa earthquake.
"San Francisco fire" redirects here. For the 1851 fire, see San Francisco Fire of 1851.
1906 San Francisco earthquakeRuins in the vicinity of Post and Grant Avenue
EurekaDunsmuirChicoTruckeeSanta RosaSalinasBakersfieldFresnoPaso RoblesSanta MonicaIndio
UTC time | 1906-04-18 13:12:27
ISC event | 16957905
USGS-ANSS | ComCat
Local date | April 18, 1906
Local time | 05:12 a.m. local time
Magnitude | 7.9 Mw
Depth | 5 mi (8.0 km)
Epicenter | 37.75°N 122.55°W Coordinates: 37.75°N 122.55°W[2]
Fault | San Andreas Fault
Type | Strike-slip
Areas affected | North Coast
San Francisco Bay Area
Central Coast
United States
Max. intensity | XI (Extreme)
Tsunami | Yes
Casualties | 700–3,000+

At 5:12 a.m. on Wednesday, April 18, 1906, the coast of Northern California was struck by a major earthquake with an estimated moment magnitude of 7.9 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (Extreme).

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floods in China

The 1931 China floods, or the 1931 Yangtze–Huai River floods, occurred from June to August 1931 in China, hitting major cities such as Wuhan, Nanjing and beyond, which eventually culminated into a dike breach along Lake Gaoyou on 25 August 1931.

Fatality estimates vary widely. A field survey by the University of Nanking led by John Lossing Buck immediately after the flood found "150,000 people had drowned, and that this number represented less than a quarter of all fatalities during the first 100 days of the flood.

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Boats and boating--Equipment and supplies

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Earthquake in Honduras

El terremoto en Honduras de 2009 ocurrió el 28 de mayo de ese mismo año a las 08:24:45 UTC (02:24:45 AM hora local). El epicentro fue ubicado en el Mar Caribe, 64 km (39 millas) al noreste de la isla de Roatán y 130 km (80 millas) norte-noreste de La Ceiba. El terremoto se produjo a una profundidad de alrededor de 10 km en una zona de fallas transformantes situada en la Fosa de las Caimán que forma el límite tectónico entre la Placa Norteamericana y la Placa del Caribe, y continúa hasta la Falla de Motagua.

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Haiti Eartquake

Paying tribute to all the victims, the UN in Haiti remembered not only the hundreds of thousands of Haitians who lost their lives 12 years ago, but also the many thousands more who sustained permanent injuries.

At the time, some 300,000 people were injured, and 1.5 million became homeless during the 35-second-long tremor.

Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary General in Haiti, Bruno Lemarquis, took part in a remembrance ceremony on Wednesday, to remember the lives lost.

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Earthquake and Tsunami Near Japan

The magnitude-9.0 earthquake struck at 2:46 PM. (The early estimate of magnitude 8.9 was later revised upward.) The epicentre was located some 80 miles (130 km) east of the city of Sendai, Miyagi prefecture, and the focus occurred at a depth of 18.6 miles (about 30 km) below the floor of the western Pacific Ocean. The earthquake was caused by the rupture of a stretch of the subduction zone associated with the Japan Trench, which separates the Eurasian Plate from the subducting Pacific Plate. (Some geologists argue that this portion of the Eurasian Plate is actually a fragment of the North American Plate called the Okhotsk microplate.) A part of the subduction zone measuring approximately 190 miles (300 km) long by 95 miles (150 km) wide lurched as much as 164 feet (50 metres) to the east-southeast and thrust upward about 33 feet (10 metres). The March 11 temblor was felt as far away as Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia; Kao-hsiung, Taiwan; and Beijing, China. It was preceded by several foreshocks, including a magnitude-7.2 event centred approximately 25 miles (40 km) away from the epicentre of the main quake. Hundreds of aftershocks, dozens of magnitude 6.0 or greater and two of magnitude 7.0 or greater, followed in the days and weeks after the main quake.

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Hurricane Eta and Iota

Hurricane Iota was a powerful category 5 Atlantic hurricane in 2020 and the most intense of the 2020 Atlantic hurricane season. Iota caused severe damage to areas of Central America and the northern coast of Colombia that had already been devastated by Hurricane Eta. just two weeks before. The 31st tropical cyclone, 30th named storm, 14th hurricane, and 7th major hurricane of the record 2020 Atlantic hurricane season, Iota originated as a tropical wave that moved into the eastern Caribbean on November 10. Over the next few days, the wave began to become better organized, and by 12:00 UTC on November 13, a tropical depression developed north of Colombia. The depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Iota six hours later. The storm was initially affected by wind shear, but a relocation of the center and relaxed shear allowed Iota to rapidly strengthen into a hurricane on November 15, after which it underwent explosive intensification, becoming a hurricane. Category 4 and reaching its maximum intensity the next day becoming a category 5 hurricane with winds of 260 km/h (160 mph) and a pressure of 917 mbar. After moving slowly to slightly weakening but still dangerous, Iota made landfall in northeastern Nicaragua as a low-end Category 5 hurricane, becoming the strongest hurricane to make landfall in Nicaragua in November in recorded history. Iota then rapidly weakened as it moved inland, before dissipating on November 18.

Iota's precursor wave generated flash floods in most of the Caribbean islands. Tropical cyclone watches and warnings were first issued on November 14 for parts of Colombia, Nicaragua and Honduras, with the latter two still recovering from Hurricane Eta just two weeks earlier. Heavy rain associated with a tropical wave and Iota brought heavy rain to parts of Colombia, causing flash flooding and landslides. Extremely heavy rains fell across much of Nicaragua, increasing flash flooding caused by the hurricane's strong storm surge. The landslides caused extensive damage and multiple deaths. At least 84 people have died due to Iota, including at least 56 in Nicaragua, 13 in Honduras, 10 in Colombia, 2 in El Salvador, 2 in Guatemala and 1 in Pana