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The Gallipoli Campaign is noted as an important point in Australian War history. This war is remembered as one of the greatest losses of soldiers for Australia.

Roughly eight thousand seven hundred soldiers had died in this campaign with the total number of soldiers died on both sides being at an estimated number of one hundred and thirty thousand dead.

The photo of death valley was taken and in this photo, the area known as the Valley of Death which is also known as the Shrapnel Valley is now a cemetery indicating the loss of Australian life, in the background of this photo there is also
areas in which the Australian soldiers rested.

This part of history is important as it noted to bring Australias identity whole with the loss of lives bringing together the ANZAC spirit known today.

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CULTURAL SENSITIVITY MESSAGE - Please read

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Photograph - 'Death Valley', Gallipoli, Private John Lord, World War I, 1915

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Black and white photographic print depicting Death Valley at Gallipoli. This is possibly a reference to the "Valley of Death" which is commonly known as "Shrapnel Valley (or "Gully")" and is now a cemetery. Attached to a small notebook used as a photograph album, containing 55 black and white photographs of ANZAC soldiers in Egypt, Mudros and Gallipoli during World War I.

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Australian relationship with the British was that they were a part of the British Empire, being one of the colonies Australia joined the war in support of Britain and of their ideals as it would mean serving the Queen.

Australia also being one of the Britains colonies meant that they would help Britain with

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EMPIRE TRADE RELATIONSHIP - The Northam Advertiser (WA : 1895 - 1955) - 16 Jan 1926

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The importance of fostering in an increasing degree trade relationships between Great Britain and her overseas dominions has been emphasised ...

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Women participation in war is often overlooked, with men participating in the war. The males that left for war mostly dominated the industry in labour had left Australia vulnerable, with the women left to tend to hard labour work in certain industries such as Mechanical workers.

The youtube video shows documentation of the Central Queensland Nurses of the war and their role within the war.
these women participated in the war as nurses to tend to the hurt or ill soldiers in hospitals.

This participation by women in both the war and the industry eventually led to the women's rights movement to argue the fact that women are capable of doing male work and are equal which led to an important historical moment in Australian history allowing some women to vote within 1918

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Central Queensland Nurses of the First World War digital story, 2017

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It is noted that Australia had a lot of involvement in the war,  a key factor that should be noted with Australia participating in the war and a large number of men serving the army to go for wars the side-effect resulted in an impact on the Australian economy.

Australia's economy had suffered greatly as the world war had stopped most common international trades relations between countries as a result of this decline Australia's GDP had taken a hit as the country was mostly dependent on exports of goods.

The article shows a proposal made by the Australian government that countries should try to direct their own domestic policies to the maintenance of full employment. However, Australia as an economy would struggle as they would need to try and reorganise their own economy.

In relation to the thesis, Australia's economy took a hit but their policy to change their economy may have changed the policy of main exports versus their own imports may lead to
more economical problems which later happened in 1930 during the Great Depression

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POST-WAR WORLD ECONOMY. - Daily Commercial News and Shipping List (Sydney, NSW : 1891 - 1954) - 31 Jan 1945

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A fellow quotation from a soldier during the Gallipoli Campaign during the period in World War one

'We were well in the zone of fire, and every second I was expecting a shell to come bursting through the side of the ship, to answer my question'.

Giving information to the fact the Soldiers were struggling and suffering thinking about a possible causality

And another quotation of another soldier talking of the trenches during the Gallipoli campaign 'no place for a selfish natured man where almost everything is common property, just for the asking.'

This quote states the solider that the camaraderie soldiers endured with soldiers having to share resources with each other whether being water or food it was the basic decency to share this is such a harboured time.

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Human costs to belligerents

Australian troops of the 2nd and 3rd Battalions relax inside a captured Turkish trench at Lone Pine, 12 August 1915. AWM G01126

In human terms, the nearly 11 months of the Anglo-French effort to take the Ottoman Empire out of the war cost more than 141,100 dead and wounded soldiers, not to mention the sailors who died in the earlier naval efforts to get through the strait of the Dardanelles.

Australian losses amounted to more than 8700 dead and 19,400 wounded. This was close to 50% of the approximately 50,000 to 60,000 men of the AIF who served in the campaign.

The Ottoman Empire lost at least 86,000 dead and 164,000 wounded.

Members of the AIF who were still fit for service after the Gallipoli Campaign were reorganised in Egypt for new deployments to the Western Front and the Middle East.

Those who'd returned home during or after the campaign were welcomed as local heroes. Many privately struggled with the experience of war. Some worked hard to create local support networks for returned sailors and soldiers.

When Indigenous veterans came home, they returned to the same discrimination and government control that had determined the shape of their lives before they enlisted. They were also denied concessions given to other veterans, such as war pensions and participation in soldier settlement schemes.

Analysis of the campaign

Academics began to analyse the Gallipoli Campaign as soon as it was over.

For example, Brown, Prior & Co in Melbourne published the book The Great Withdrawal in March 1916, by Dr John William Springthorpe. The proceeds of its sale went to the Lady Mayoress' Patriotic League for Our Fighting Men. Dr Springthorpe was a renowned Melbourne academic and physician who enlisted in the Australian Army Medical Corps in 1914.

Some military historians have judged the Gallipoli Campaign ill-advised, largely badly executed and overall of little or no significance in the wider war. One historian wrote that the only benefit to Australia was that, for another year, it kept the men of the AIF away from the Western Front, where they would undoubtedly have suffered even heavier losses.

Would the Allies' capture of the Gallipoli peninsula, followed by the arrival of a British fleet at Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul), have knocked the Turks out of the war? Historian Robin Prior concluded in 2009:

... there is no evidence that Turkey would have been out of the war even if Constantinople had fallen. In all likelihood Turkey would have continued to fight ... Despite the bravery of the Allied troops ... the campaign was fought in vain.

Legacy of the Gallipoli experience

For Australia, Gallipoli has never just been about such hard-headed analysis, however accurate.

In defeat, what mattered was the quality of those who endured those long months of struggle, danger, ill-health and loss. Then, as now, what enabled men to cope with the hell around them were the attributes of courage, discipline, endurance and humour.

An Australian officer wrote of how the trenches were:

no place for a selfish natured man where almost everything is common property, just for the asking.

Along with the confidence that the AIF could perform in battle, this was one of the legacies of the Gallipoli experience for Australia. The birth of the Anzac legend, of which this selflessness was one element, ensured that the original Anzacs continued to inspire subsequent generations of service men and women.

Remembering Anzac

Perhaps the legacy of Gallipoli has always been most closely guarded by the families of those who fought and died there?

Thomas Drane, an English-born tailor from Forbes, New South Wales, was a veteran of the Gallipoli landing. In early 1918, he wrote to the Attorney-General of the Commonwealth of Australia. Aware of rules preventing misuse of the word 'Anzac' for commercial or other unsuitable purposes, Drane asked if he could give his first child 'Anzac' as a middle name. Was it legal for an 'original Anzac' to do this?

Transcript of the letter from Thomas Drane (Item 29/3484, Part 19, A432/86, National Archives of Australia):

No 3 The TerraceSherriff StForbesN.S.W2/1/18

Dear Sir,I want you to grant me permission to name my first born baby George Anzac. The reason I ask you is this. To be sure that it is legal for an original Anzac to name his child as above. I myself left Australia with the First Div in Oct 1914, and I was wounded in Gallipoli, which cost me a leg. Also I was the first to volunteer from this town, and my child is the first to be born here with an Anzac for his father. My wife's Brother also left with the First Div and he laid down his life at Gallipoli and that is the reason we want to name him so. Hoping to hear very favourably from you.I RemainYours in anticipationT. E. DraneLate of Field Coy Engineers

While the Gallipoli Campaign might have been fought in vain, for Drane and his family, it was a place they would forever honour with their memory.

Drane was the first person in Australia to use the name for personal use, giving his three sons the middle name 'Anzac': George Anzac Drane, Albert Edward Anzac Drane and Thomas Anzac Drane. The family tradition continued, with five great great grandsons of Thomas Edward Drane who now have the middle name 'Anzac'.

Follow the war-time experience of Sapper Drane through letters and reports published in The Forbes Advocate newspaper.

Like Drane, many veterans of Gallipoli played a role in welcoming home service men and women throughout the war, and establishing local branches of various associations for returned sailors and soldiers.

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In human terms, the nearly 11 months of the Anglo-French effort to take the Ottoman Empire out of the war cost more than 141,100 dead and wounded soldiers, not to mention the sailors who died in the earlier naval efforts to get through the strait of the Dardanelles.

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Australia's participation in the war led to plenty of male soldiers going to war only to end up dead.

Unfortunately, the death tally was high with an estimate of roughly Gallipoli war leading to a death tally of(enter amount)
and the first world wars death toll eventually led to an (enter amount).

The certificate documents the burial of one of the Australian soldiers known as James Talbot at an overseas cemetery in Belgium, the government thought it would be unrealistic for them to return the corpses of the soldiers so they were then placed in War graves under the CommonWealth and although their death was remembered by Australians it is also remember by fellow allies of Australia during world war one.

The loss in life is always remembered highly for the contribution in the war led to a day in which soldiers are remembered for their efforts are known as the ANZAC day held on. This day is as a remembrance of an important day on Australian identity as well as a key remembrance of how which always ANZAC spirit.

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Summary

Certificate documenting the burial of World War I solider James Clive Talbot at Ypres Reservoir British Cemetery, Belgium. His father James (or perhaps both his parents) appears to have taken the unusual step of visiting his grave - out of the reach of the majority of bereaved in Australia.

James Clive Talbot was a 20-year-old grazier and wool classer from 'Yeo Vale', Birregurra, Victoria, when he enlisted to fight in World War I on 2 April 1915 (service #1350). As part of the 24th Battalion he served in Gallipoli and on the Western Front. He was killed in action aged 22, on 22 September 1917 in Belgium (during in the Third Battle of Ypres). His parents placed a Blackwood pulpit at the Birregurra Church of England, in memory of their son, who they knew as Clive. It is inscribed '...in loving memory of our beloved son and brother, James Clive Talbot, killed in action September 22nd, 1917, aged 22 years. He has fought a good fight, he has finished his work; he has kept the faith.'

Talbot's service record indicates that his father James planned to visit the grave in early March 1919, and requested a photograph and map of the cemetery to assist his visit. James and his wife departed for Europe on the Makura in early May 1919 - 'Their only son, Lieut. Clive Talbot, was killed in France, and they hope to visit his grave' (Table Talk, 8 May 1919). They returned in January the following year on the Orsova (Table Talk, 15 Jan 1920). In August 1926 James Talbot requested a photograph of Clive's grave with its 'permanent' headstone.

Early in World War I the Federal government decided that it would be impractical to return the remains of Australian soldiers to Australia. War graves were gradually established, ultimately to be placed under the control of the Commonwealth War Graves Commission. After the War, many families sought to visit the graves or memorials of their loved ones. They were largely dissuaded until most burials were complete, as human remains were still scattered across the battlefields. By 1921 visitors were officially allowed to visit Gallipoli. Persistent inquiries about travel led the Minister of Defence, G.F. Pearce, to recommend the establishment of an advisory bureau to assist travellers to a range of European and other sites. In 1924 alone the Australian Graves Service assisted 1100 people, visiting the remains of some of the 60,000 servicepeople who never returned home.

The Commonwealth War Graves Commission indicates that the Ypres Reservoir Cemetery was founded in October 1915 and was used by fighting units and field ambulances until after the Armistice, when it contained 1,099 graves. After World War I the cemetery was enlarged as remains were gathered from the battlefields and smaller burial grounds were closed. Today, 2,613 Commonwealth servicemen are buried in this cemetery.

Physical Description

Printed certificate with gold and black text, surrounded by black and white photographic images of memorials: South Africa, Ulster, Australian and Highland. The principal lower image shows the Ypres Reservoir British Cemetry, Belgium. The focal point of the certificate is a printed label, adhered, providing the personal details of a single soldier's burial: James Clive Talbot. The label appears within a gold holly garland.

Significance

The James Talbot mourning collection is of particular significance since it documents a set of personal effects from a son lost at war, including a tiny photograph and engraved medal presented to his bereaved parents, and his colour patch, buttons and badges. Importantly, it also includes a large certificate from Ypres Reservoir British Cemetery, Belgium, including cemetery images and Talbot's details pasted into a box at the centre. (Further research may link this to his father's visit to the cemetery.) It provides an important insight into the ways Australians memorialized the distant graves of their loved ones (discussed by Bart Ziino in A Distant Grief, and others).

More Information

Collecting Areas

Public Life & Institutions, Numismatics & Philately

Acquisition Information

Purchase

Person Commemorated

Private James C. Talbot - Australian Imperial Force (AIF), Ypres Reservoir British Cemetery, Ypres, Belgium, circa 1919

Organisation Symbolised
24th Battalion, AIF

Inscriptions

Printed: ' 1914 / 1918 / FOR KINGAND COUNTRY FOR THE GLORY OF GOD AND IN EVERLASTING MEMORY OF / [printed label, adhered:] TALBOT / Gnr. James Clive. 1350. 2nd Div, / Trench Mortar Bty. Australian Field Artillery. / Killed in action 22nd Sept., 1917. Age 22. Son of / James R. and Lottie Dora Talbot, of Yeo Vale, / Birregurra, Victoria, Australia. I. E. 9 [end of adhered label] / WHO GAVE HIS LIFE IN THE GREAT WAR / THAT WE MIGHT LIVE / AND WHOSE NAME IS CARVED IN STONE / AT / YPRES RESERVOIR BRISTISH CEMETARY - BELGIUM' . Further texts in columns down the sides of the certificate list place names where significant battles were fought.

Overall Dimensions

321 mm (Width), 501 mm (Height)

References

Bart Ziino, 2007. A Distant Grief: Australians, War Graves and the Great War. University of Western Australia Press. Commonwealth War Graves Commission web site [Link 1] accessed 3/1/2014. JULY. (1919, May 8). Table Talk (Melbourne, Vic. : 1885 - 1939), p. 29. Retrieved April 20, 2015, from[Link 2] Social. (1920, January 15). Table Talk (Melbourne, Vic. : 1885 - 1939), p. 30. Retrieved April 20, 2015, from[Link 3]

Keywords

World War I, 1914-1918, Certificates, Service, Memorials, Death & Mourning, Battle of the Somme (Somme Offensive), 1916

Not on display

Cite this page

Museums Victoria Collections https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/items/2023740
Accessed 16 January 2022

Rights

We support the open release of data and information about our collections.

Text content on this page is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence

Currently in storage

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Certificate - Ypres Reservoir British Cemetery, James Clive Talbot, World War I, circa 1919

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Certificate documenting the burial of World War I solider James Clive Talbot at Ypres Reservoir British Cemetery, Belgium. His father James (or perhaps both his parents) appears to have taken the unusual step of visiting his grave - out of the reach of the majority of bereaved in Australia.