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The biosphere is a 20km wide shell that spans from the lowest parts of the ocean to the highest mountain, this contains everything within it such as the ecoystems and species that live inside it.

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The difference between abiotic and biotic is that biotic species are living things that need oxygen in order to survive such as a tree while an abiotic component is non-living and does not require any oxygen or contain any living parts, this is such as a rock.

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The role of photosynthesis in an ecosystem is to provide energy to all consumers in the food chain of that ecosystem, this is such as the sun providing energy to a producer which is then transferred onto a rabbit.

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The difference between a food web and chain is that a web contains links between all species and does not follow one direct route while a chain only shows the transfer of energy from one species to another.

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Abiotic - Dirt, water, leaves, boardwalk, sand

Biotic - moss, oxygen, lichen

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Paper

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Succesion is the growth and re-growth of an ecosytem either if it hasnt been made yet or it has been destroyed. The order in which organisms appear is that moss will grow first on surrounding rocks in the area, shrubs and small plants will then grow, after that the plants start to become larger and into small trees and lastly fully grown trees will come making the ecosystem healthy again.

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La-Nina is the phenomenon where winds travel from the west coast of South-America and cross a warm patch of water within the ocean it crosses, this then heats up the winds and causes hot temperatures and large amounts of rainfall to hit the east coast of Australia possibly causing flooding. El-Nino is the opposite where the winds hit the warm patch and bring rain to South America which then results to the winds becoming cold, bringing cold winds and no rainfall to the east coast of austrlia which can then lead to a drought.

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Migration is the moving of a species or population to another area during changes in weather patterns. This is done to find new locations and habitats while also finding a new sustained food source. This can effect humans as it can bring more food towards an area. An example of this is the bogong moth, this species migrates to the colder areas which provides a stable food source for indeginous groups.

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Two natural changes is day/night and tides. Day/night is the rotating of the earth which changes the amount of light provided affecting things like visibility and temperatures. This influenced my experience as during the hike I had to layer correctly and use the shelter of a tent at night time in order to be warm and protect myself. Tides is the change in sea levels from high to low due to the moons gravitational pull, there are two high tides and two low tides within a day. This affected this experience as it made the group be cautious and look for other routes incase the tide was high and stopped us from crossing the river.

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The traditional owners of our local area are the Bunarong people.

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The perspective that this group has of outdoor environments is that it is something to take care of and look after as it looks after them, they believe it is alive and they are all connected to it. This group looks after the land and makes sure it is sustainable and healthy.

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A historic land management stratergy is cultural burnings, this was done in order to provide habitats with new life and sustainability while also forcing large animals to gather in open areas for hunting. This stratergy has been changed to fit contemporary land management by using fire to create small fires that burn small shrubs and bushes which can help the development of certain species and animals while also stopping the potential threat of larger bushfires.

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One vocational pathway in the outdoors is a park ranger, this is the protector of the outdoors that help with the management of that park. They see the outdoors as a mother that holds lots of different species within it and something that needs to be taken care of, they may also see the outdoors as a museum as it is something to try and preserve. The prerequisites for this job is certain trainings like cpr. Another pathway is agriculture, this involves cleaning up the environment by adding more biotic components to and making it look good. the perspective they hold is similair to a park ranger as they also see the outdoors as something to be taken care of. There are no prerequisites to required to start this role however an apprenticeship is required to be fully qualified.

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The ideal layering system for a day at the snow is a bottom layer (thermals), mid layer (small jumper) and an outer layer (Rain jacket). This is effective as it provides warmth to the body by trapping the heat while also protecting it from the cold elements at the snow like wind and rain.

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The importance of understanding specific outdoor environments is that every environment is different and poses its own risks and dangers that can be avoided if educated about. This is such as being understanding Mt Buller and its pathways as during a whiteout, it is hard to see where you are going and can easily result in someone getting lost if they are not educated on the layout of Mt Buller.

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The first image is a bluebird, the risks of these conditions is getting extremely sunburnt due to the prominant sun and also being able to get hyperthermia if layering too much as the sun can be hot when no clouds are below it. To mitigate these risks, sunscreen should always be applied when outside and layers should be worn correctly to stop overheating. The other image is a Whiteout, this poses risks of getting lost or possibly hypothermia. To mitigate these risk, individuals need to educate themselves on the layout of the mountain and what to do when in these conditions, they also need to layer correctly as a whiteout is extremely cold conditions.

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The cause of this incident is due to the lack of education and understanding of the mountain while also not following signs and safety precautions while skiing or snowboarding. To respond and manage this incident, an individual needs to look at their location and find the next route to follow, if that is not applicable then they are able to call the Mt Buller rescue services to come and find them and navigate them back to their group. This be avoided by preperation and understanding of the environment as if the individual knew the layout of the mountain or how to follow the safety precautions provided by the mountain then they would be unlikely to not no where they are or get lost in the first place. Preparation of bringing a device also helps avoid this incident.