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The Soviet Union Invades Finland, Russo-Finnish War Begins (30 Nov 1939)

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The Soviet Union Invades Finland, Russo-Finnish War Begins (30 Nov 1939)

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After seizing the majority of Poland, the Soviet Union attempted to shift the borderline between themselves and Finland, which Finland rejected, causing the USSR to attack. Although the USSR had massive air superiority, the Finnish held their own on March 13, 1940. A Finnish-Soviet treaty would leave Finland independent, and the USSR with more border territory.

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The Battle of Britain (02 July 1940 -> 17 Sep 1940)

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The Battle of Britain (02 July 1940 -> 17 Sep 1940)

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Hitler planned to invade Britain by destroying their air crafts, but Britain gained advantages by decrypting German messages and tracking German navigational beams. Due to the immense amount of loss that resulted on the side of the Germans, Hitler halted his invasion on the 17th of September, 1940.

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Italy Attacks Egypt, North African Campaign Begins (13 Sep 1940)

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Italy Attacks Egypt, North African Campaign Begins (13 Sep 1940)

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Marshal Rodolfo Graziani, in command of over 200,000 Italian troops in Libya, was ordered by Mussolini to attack British-defended Egypt. Control of the Mediterranean shipping lanes, the Suez Canal, and access to Mideast oil were at stake. By the 16th of December, the British had driven the Italians out of Egypt.

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Winston S. Churchill (British Prime Minister) and Franklin D. Roosevelt (United States) signed the Atlantic Charter during a meeting in August 1941. It was the blueprint for the postwar world that they desired. Key points included universal self-determination, international economic cooperation, lower trade barriers, and disarmament.

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Central Pacific Campaign (07 Dec 1941 -> 06 Dec 1943)

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Central Pacific Campaign (07 Dec 1941 -> 06 Dec 1943)

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Following the attack on Pearl Harbor, Japan launched a series of offensives across the Pacific and Indian Oceans. Johnston and Midway Islands were shelled, and Guam fell on December 10th. On the 23rd of December, Wake succumbed after a valiant fight. American attention was diverted by raids in the Aleutian Islands Campaign.

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Beginning on December 8, 1941, the Japanese launched an attack to seize strategic Malaya. The defending troops from the United Kingdom, India, and Australia were dispersed, ill-equipped, and poorly trained. On February 15, Singapore fell, taking nearly 140,000 people with it who were killed, wounded, or captured.

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Manhattan Project to Build An Atomic Bomb (17 Sep 1942)

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Manhattan Project to Build An Atomic Bomb (17 Sep 1942)

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German-Jew scientists urged President Roosevelt to create a bomb relying on "atomic fission" out of fear of Nazi Germany developing the same technology. This would lead to the first 'man-made" nuclear explosion.

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On July 10th, 1943 the allies invaded Sicily and would keep a continuous front from Agrigento to Augusta. Germany and Italy would try to launch counterattacks but the Germans would ultimately retreat.

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After their loss at Stalingrad, the Germans would retreat. In preparation for an attack from Germany, the USSR would construct massive defenses around Kursk. The USSR would then attack the then weakened Germany and push them back.

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Belorussian Offensive (22 Jun 1944 ->19 Aug 1944)

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Belorussian Offensive (22 Jun 1944 ->19 Aug 1944)

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After their victory at Kursk in 1943, the Soviets launched offensives at the Germans which would push the Germans back, liberating Leningrad, Smolensk, Kiev, and Odesa.

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Northern France Campaign (25 Jul 1944 -> 14 Sep 1944)

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Northern France Campaign (25 Jul 1944 -> 14 Sep 1944)

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During the Normandy Campaign, the Allies were poised for a breakthrough offensive. After a few days of hard fighting, the Americans broke through the German lines. The rate at which they advanced strained supplies, particularly petroleum.

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The underground Polish Home Army rose to evict Germans from occupied Warsaw. Fighting erupted between the Poles, who initially seized large swaths of the city. Ten weeks later, Warsaw fell to the Soviets and the 1st Polish Army in a renewed offensive. The Soviets established Poland as a People's Republic.

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Winston S. Churchill (U.K), Franklin D. Roosevelt (U.S), and Joseph Stalin (USSR) would meet at the Yalta Conference. Germany would be forced to demilitarize, de-nazify, and divide into zones ruled by the U.S, U.K, and USSR.

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After rejecting the ultimatum presented by the allies president Harry S. Truman would decide to drop an atomic bomb on Hiroshima and when Japan would not surrender another bomb would be dropped on Nagasaki on August 9th.

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Trials of major war criminals were held at the Palace of Justice in Nuremberg. Those who were on trial were the most powerful leaders of the Third Reich (Adolf Hitler, Heinrich Himmler, and Joseph Goebbels). This case would help establish today's International Criminal Court in the form of war crimes tribunals.