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Read the article - Introduction to globalization and answer the following questions in pairs, please mention your partner's name.

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Read the article - Introduction to globalization and answer the following questions in pairs, please mention your partner's name.

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1. How does this author define globalization?

2. What events does the author say intensified globalization?

3. What are some effects of globalization on communities and economies?

4. According to the author, what are some of the positive effects of globalization?

5. According to the author, what are some of the negative effects of globalization?

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Answer the following questions in pairs.

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Answer the following questions in pairs.

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1. How does the author define empire?

2. Does the author think ancient Egypt was an empire? Why or why not?

3. What reasons does the author give for early states forming empires? What advantages did those early states have?

4. How does the author explain the power dynamic of the core’s control over the periphery?

5. What challenges did early empires face?

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1. according to the author in simple terms an empire is a political organisation where a dominant central state controls wekaer outer states

2. the author calls ancient Egypt a Kingdom, not a Empire ad it was 2 parts. lower and upper Egypt that we just politically and culturally united

3. one reason that the author gives is that when they conquered smaller states they would get resources as secondary benifitts

4. the author mentions that inequality arises from a core control therefore causing oppresion from the lower class

5. the challenge was they didnt have any examples set to them which caused many errors

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1.
In the passage read, the author states that the core essential of classifying something as an empire is that it needs to have a dominant power holding central state, which controls outer weaker states.

2.
The article classifies ancient Egypt as a Kingdom rather than an empire in his article. This is due to the fact that upper and lower Egypt both conformed to the same cultural and  political beliefs, after Lower Egypt was conquered, making ancient Egypt a kingdom.

3.
Resources security and wealth are amongst some of the more important reasons for the creation of an empire. Rome for example, which formed in order to better defend itself during the Punic Wars.

4.
In the passage it is explained by the author that most of the power is fuelled by inequality and inferiority.

5.
No examples of empires before them, couldnt follow in any footsteps, basically had to discover things as they went on. They also had to find solutions to the many problems that came along with an empire, including feeding the people, defending against enemies as well as enforcing laws and social hierarchies.

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Q1.  How does the author define an empire.

An empire is a dominant political organisation mainly based on control. It exerts power on the core as well as the peripheral territories.

Q2.  Does the author think ancient Egypt was an empire? Why or why not?

No, the author does not think that ancient Egypt was an empire, because Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt politically and culturally unified to become one nation, considered themselves as a kingdom. The citizens of this kingdom call themselves Egyptians.

Q3.  What reasons does the author give for early states forming empires. What advantages did those early states have?

The reasons the early states formed empires were primarily because of security and wealth, and resources were considered as secondary factors. One of the main advantages that these empires had was that they annexed the neighbouring states before they could be conquered themselves.

Q4. How does the author explain the power dynamic of the cores control over the periphery?

The author explains the power dynamic of the core's control over the periphery naming it as inequality. Then the author goes on to continue by saying how the core considered themselves as superior compared to its periphery.

Q5.  What challenges did early empires face?

1. The early empires faced challenges such as feeding millions of people while defending their empire, enforcing social hierarchy as the world history didn't exist then. They had challenges learning those things.

2. Another problem was that these early empires faced was that they had trouble controlling their peripheries especially when they had resistant peripheries compared to the weaker ones.

3. The early empires struggled with managing the relationships with nomadic and semi-nomadic people living beyond its borders as they were typically considered as barbarians. In order for these nomadic and semi-nomadic people to get any resources, we needed to attack the empire in order to get the resources that they needed, posing as a continuous threat to the empire.

4. Overextension was another issue that the early empires faced as they annexed more territories than they could control. As well as more area that the empire spread over, the more amount of wealth they required to defend themselves and sustain their empire.

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1. An empire was defined as a complex political organization where a dominant power rules over the rest.

2. No, Ancient Egypt was not written as an empire because the upper and lower Egypt were not conquered but were instead unified due to their political and cultural similarities.

3. According to the author, early states formed empires for security and wealth, with resources being mainly a secondary factor. Another reason was the mindset that said, "Lets conquer them before they conquer us."

4. The author explains that the core had a vast amount of power over the periphery. The article also explains how there was inequality where the core population was considered superior to the periphery populace.

5. Challenges=
- Enforcing rules and social hierarchy
- Feeding and supplying with resources on large areas of land and a large population
- Revolts and fighting due to issues in controlling the periphery
- Issues with managing relations and wars with nomadic and barbaric tribes
- Overextension or conquering of too much land for the core to be able to control.

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Q1
According to the author, an empire is a political entity where a dominant, central state controls and rules over outer states, which are usually weaker than the core.

Q2
The author doesn't think Ancient Egypt was an empire, because Upper and Lower Egypt unified to make themselves on nation, without any central or outer/weaker states. An empire consists of a central power which controls outer, less powerful states, whereas there was no specific central or outer state, rather 2 parts of civilization which unified to form a single kingdom

Q3
Early states primarily formed empires to improve security and wealth. Empires usually conquered neighboring, less powerful states.

Q4
The author explains the core's power over the periphery as an inequality. He then talks about the core's idea of themselves being far superior to the peripheries.

Q5
- Social hierarchy, hunger, defense
- Managing relationships which nomadic and semi-nomadic tribes
- Control over peripheries
- Too many peripheries, not enough management and infrastructure to control them

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How does the author define empire?
- The author defines empire as a political organisation where a central and more powerful state dominates and controls other, weaker states.
Does the author think ancient Eygpt was an empire. Why or why not?
- No, the author describes Eygpt as a kingdom rather than an empire. This is due to the fact that Upper and Lower Eygpt united to become one nation, rather than one controlling the other after conquering.
What reasons does the author give for early states forming empires? What advantages did those early states have?
- In the past, empires was created for resources and materials, that the core country didn't have. Conquering a country was a cheaper and more efficient way to get resources in comparison to trade. Others focused more on getting more security and wealth from the conquered states, when worried about other powerful countries or such.
How does the author explain the power dynamic of the core's control over the periphery?
- The author explains that most of the power is held by the core, and it is defined by inequality. The core identifies itself superior over the rest of the states and often denies as many rights and protection to the periphery (as well as sometimes applying abuses), to give them less power.
What challenges did early empires face?
- The first empires didn't have examples to follow and the first emperors did not know how to run such an empire. And since it was undefined how to run one, it only took a few mistakes for an empire to tumble. Plus, many problems lied in
1) ruling and taking care of millions of people
2) defending the empire against enemies
3) enforcing social systems
4) rebellions from the other, weaker states and people

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1. Amassed a great amount of power and wealth
2. Great trade system
3. Conquered areas in between Mediterranean and india
4. Macedonian ruler and officials were all accepting/tolerating greek culture/religion
5. Women had a lot more power in politics than most other empires at that time

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1. Established Currency (daric)
2. Women in powerful positions (could own businesses + real estate etc.)
3. Monarchy - but also had some decentralised governments.
4. Efficient Trade routes even to the far regions of the empire (they built a long road to maximise efficiency)

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- All the lands between Egypt and India were conquered
- Military brilliance
- They were tolerant of the local religions and customs
- There were good trade networks connecting Asia to the Mediterranean
- They spread Greek culture and religion through education
- Women had power
- When Alexander died the generals and governors started fighting over the empire since there wasn't and heir and led to it's downfall

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1. One of the largest populations in the 500 BCE
2. Respectful of the various local traditions and cultures.
3. Used cavalry in their army
4, Rebuilt the 'Royal Road' to make commute easier.
5. Had regional governors. Who were also sometimes conquered people.
6. Tolerated local traditions, cultures and religions.
7. United various lands politically and economically.
8. Generalised a currency called daric.
9. Follower a strict social hierarchy
10. Royal women had a high place in the social ladder.
11. Others were ranked based on their profession.
12. Women were allowed to work and own properties.
13. They all followed the Zoroastrianism as their religion but never made it as their official religion.
14. Bought conquered emperors to strengthen the empire.

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1. The largest empire in the 500 BCE.
2. United far away lands both, politically and economically.
3. Society used a rigid social hierarchy.
4. Women were given freedom- they could own property and businesses, they could gain high positions in their professions.
5. People had religious beliefs- Zoroastrianism was prominent.
6. They had their own standardised currency (Daric).
7. Alexander the Great invaded Persia, causing the empire to fall.

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- it was all built around one man. Though others held power, he was the dominant force and held the empire together - his death led to the downfall of the empire, also known as 'Alexander's Empire'.
- women's rights improved. Women gained slightly more power and a more prominent place in society. This especially applied to non-Greek women.
- tolerant to other cultures. Alexander and the rest of his officials were accepting of other religions and though they wanted to spread Greek culture, they still supported and sponsored the cultures of the countries they conquered.
- was extremely large. Alexander had conquered all the land between Egypt and India and the Mediterranean, as well as their enemy of Persia. That made this empire extremely large and widespread.
- had complex trade routes. This empire established trade routes between Asia and the Mediterranean, making it easier to transport goods and such.

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- Named after an individual - Alexander the Great.
- Alexander's power and the authority of his government depended on his continued success. Whenever that faltered, the foundations of the empire crumbled.
- The Persians were the Macedonian empire's enemies.
- Alexander had seeked to spread Greek culture across the world.
- The Macedonian empire supported the ideology of implemented Hellenistic architecture.
- The empire expanded trade networks and opportunities between Asia and the Mediterranean after the finding of Egypt.
- Alexander's military dominated the near east for years, but his money dominated Eurasia for centuries.
- The empire's influence of the hellenistic culture allowed women to experience an increase in their power and influence.
- The empire's fall began after the death of Alexander but the successor kingdoms ruled by Alexander's generals outlasted his influences forever.

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- Military was very strong
- Respected persian culture
- Women had power
- Named after 1 man
- Annexed land from the Mediterranean to india

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1. Monarchy, with some decentralised government.
2.  Efficient trade channels, even to the empire's farthest reaches (they built a long road to maximise efficiency)
3. Existing Currency (daric)
4.Women in positions of authority (may own businesses and real estate, for example).

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-Had 50 % of the worlds population in 500 BC
- used the satrapy system
- standardized currency - daric
- women had alot of freedom and authority compared to other empires
- it was a superpower
- it followed strict religion

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-Largest population
-Religious and followed strict religious activities
-Equality given to all genders
-Women were given freedom to vote, work e.t.c
- Currency->Daric
-Built the royal road for easy commute, trade & army transfers.
-good overseas connection for trading

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--> Women had economic power
--> Tolerated all cultures and religions
--> Had Good trade Networks
-->They used education to spread Greek culture
-->They conquered regions between India and the Mediterranean

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1. The author defines globalisation as rapid global change and development. he described these changes as a "hot mess. A general term, globalisation refers to how the world has become more connected economically, politically, socially,

and culturally over time.

2. According to the author the industrial revolution was the first major step of globalisation. Furthermore, world war 2 and its major conflict led to another surge in the rate of globalisation.

3. In the modern era, globalisation has allowed for vast global voluntary migration. It has created varied and diverse communities around the world.

4. 4) Technological innovations let people around the world communicate and share their ideas in real time whereas messages sent across the world could take months. Governments can work together for trade and to solve problems. Medical developments can be shared throughout the whole world for everyone to access. Economies are able to use international trade.

5.

5) Globalisation has led to increase in inequality.  Fossil fuels used in industrialised nations has led to pollution that speeds over the whole world.Thus one nation’s pollution can become the problem of another.  Shared beliefs being tension and disagreements between people of different faiths. Some wealthy nations have become extremely powerful while the rest have stayed economically poor.

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1. The author defines globalisation as a term for how the world has become more interconnected, economically, politically, socially and culturally over time
2. both the world wars, the industrial revolution, the Great Depression and the rise of colonialism
3.econmies are more interconnected which means if one nations economy suffers a lot of other nations economies also suffer due to things like multinational corporations, other effects on the community are sharing of culture, language food and customs as well as creating diversity within society, there can also be shared solutions of problems, shared technologies and spreading of diseases .
4. postive impacts are, it allows people around the world to communicate and share ideas effectively in real world time, governments can work with one another to trade and solve problems, beliefs are shared
5. shared diseases, laws and polices created in other nations could impact more countries, leads to an increase of inequality and wealthy nations could exploit the less wealthy ones with ease due to easy acess due globalisation. problems like climate change and pollution could spread to other countries.

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1. According to the author, Globalization is defined by the change in time of how the world has become more connected economically, politically, socially, and culturally over time.

2. The events which intensified globalization were;
- The industrial revolution
- WWI, WWII, & Cold War

3. Some of the major effects of globalization on communities and economies in the modern world are;
- It enabled the interaction and races
- Influenced voluntary and forced migration
- Economically, most of the countries are intertwined.
- Interdependency between countries have significantly increased.

4. The following are a range of different positive effects of globalization:
- It brings together people from around the world.
- Technological innovations enable global communication.
- Governments can now work together to solve issues.
- Cultures are mixed and beliefs are now commonly held.
- International trade aid.

5. However:
- Increased gap between the rich and the poor.
- A lot of countries are still trying to combat the effects of colonialism.
- Global use of fossil fuels have led to a significant increase in pollution around the world.

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1. How does this author define globalisation?

This author defines globalisation as the economical, political, social and cultural connectivity of nations.

2. What events does the author say intensified globalisation?

The industrial revolution and the Columbian Exchange aided in intensifying globalisation.

3. What are some effects of globalisation on communities and economies?

Diversify population around the world, all economies are intertwined and hence if one nation faces economical issues effects are felt throughout the global markets.

4. According to the author, what are some of the positive effects of globalisation?

Increased travel, technological innovations, government involvement to resolve major issues, economies have become intertwined via trade and aid, colonialism.

5. According to the author, what are some of the negative effects of globalisation?

One nations problems becomes a problem of the other nations as well, exportations of toxic wastes from wealthier nations to poorer nations.

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1. The author defines globalization as, "refers to how the world has become more connected economically, politically, socially and culturally, over time." By this, he talks about how trade networks have grown and empires expanded, interconnecting world zones, and hence, their specific traits.

2. The author mentions that the Industrial Revolution and the world wars lead to the world become even more globalized. It caused the world to become more interconnected and it shaped the local life, across the globe. Through the Industrial Revolution, there was an introduction of communication and transportation networks, that improved communication, and the world wars led to the formation of organizations that aim to bring the world together, in peace.

3. Due to globalization, voluntary migration and forced migration have caused the diversification of the human population, across the world. As well as this, the economic systems across the world are connected, to the point that if a few drop immensely, there can be a worldwide recession. The bright side of this is that when countries need help, the others would provide this aid. The distribution of goods is also a global process.

4. Some pros of globalization include technological advancements where people can communicate and share ideas in real time, no matter where they are. Governments are able to work together to trade and create peace. Beliefs are shared, which makes countries more diverse.

5. That being said, there are a range of negative affects of globalization. People can be affected by negative laws and policies made in different countries to their own. Shared beliefs increase inequalities between people, due to being minority groups. Globalization also creates inequalities between the economic status of people, as there is a huge gap between the status of the poor and the rich. It also leads to extensive use of fossil fuels in industrialized nations which increases pollution, worldwide. Garbage, toxic fumes and other polluntants are also spread because of water ways and connections between countries.

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1. According to the author, globalization refers to how the world has become more connected economically, politically, socially,

and culturally over time

2. The author thinks that conflict and innovation intensifies globalization. Events such as WWI and WWII lead to the creation of supranational organizations such as NATO and the UN, which fostered relations between nations.

3. Voluntary migration as well as forced

migration has resulted in populations of countries around the world to become more diverse. For example, the populations of Brazil, America, South Africa and other countries in the West are extremely diverse in terms of religion and ethnicity.

4. According to the author, the positive affects of globalisation are that communication is much faster as messages can reach other continents much faster, also governments could communicate with each other and colaborate easily.

5. According to the author the negative effects of globalisation are that inequality has increased. Also  pollution has spread across the world as rich countries export. their waste for dumping to poorer countries

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1. In the authors words; Globalisation refers to how the world has gradually become more connected (politically, economically, socially + culturally) over time, this process accelerated as the world became more  interconnected, as a result of travel and development of technology.

2. The author mentions the Columbian exchange and the Industrial revolutions and their respective implications on globalisation. Industrialisation played a key role into boosting the aforementioned interconnectedness between countries, being beneficial in developing local-global relationships between nations and communities, thereby leading to communicational and transportational  advancements sharing their knowledge.

3. Globalization (in the modern era) plays a role in diversifying populations, through inducing voluntary and involuntary migration. This movement of people brings new cultures, languages, and customs.

4. Positives:
- Technological advacements
- Diversity (social)
- Communication
- Collective Learning

5. Negatives
- Inequalities
- Industrialization has led to increased pollution.

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1. How does this author define globalization?

globalization refers to how the world has become more connected economically, politically, socially,and culturally over time.

2. What events does the author say intensified globalization?

Local-global connections like this began to emerge during the Industrial Revolution. Travel and idea sharing have increased as transportation and communication technologies have advanced.

3. What are some effects of globalization on communities and economies?

It has elevated global collaboration

Reduced likelihood of global conflict

Enables the exchange of products with distant places

Additionally, it caused inequality to rise.

The wealthiest are becoming richer while the poor are experiencing economic stagnation.

4. According to the author, what are some of the positive effects of globalization?

Now due to globalization technological innovations now let people around the world communicate and share ideas in real time as if compared to earlier messages used to take months.

Government can work together to solve problems.

5. According to the author, what are some of the negative effects of globalization?

Has increased Inequalities

Industrialization has led to increased pollution.

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List
How many objects do you have on or around your desk that is a product of globalization?

Discuss
In what ways globalization has improved your life? In what ways it has made your life worse?

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Objects:
1. Books
2. Water Bottle
3. Markers
4. Wallet
5. Medication
6. Calculator

Discuss:
Globalization has helped us make daily tasks easier. From calculation and inventory to expression and tools, globalization has helped us to develop our lives. For example, the marker, which has been made from materials from different places, helps us to express our ideas, plot them down, organize them and develop them. Globalization, to summarize, helps to make daily tasks easier, allowing us to spend more time developing ideas than verbally stating and remembering them. However, there are a lot of negative impacts which globalization has as well. More connections through the World Wide Web, for example, lead to websites and users getting hacked, taking personal information and details to withdraw money from banks, making fake accounts or ids etc. Similarly, the online presences and posting of other peoples' lifestyle can lead to comparisons, often causing depression for thinking yourself "worse" or "inferior". This is also triggered by negative comments and hate which is sent over these means. Large amounts of connectivity have positives but also negatives, triggered by globalization.

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Objects as a result of Globalization:
- Laptops
- Water Bottles
- Mobile Phones
- Stationery
- Physical Currency (Money)
- Sanitation Products

In what ways globalization has improved your life? It what ways it has made your life worse?

Advantages:
- Technology
- Commute
- Cultural Exchange

Disadvantages:
- Technological Addiction
- Traffic + Pollution (Breathing unhealthy pollutants)
- Unhealthy Lifestyle (Food choices & Sleep Schedule)

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khwaish, nandini, aditya, shruti, shikhar

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khwaish, nandini, aditya, shruti, shikhar

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List of Items
- Laptop
- Phone
- Charger
- Headphones / Airpods
- Water bottle
- Highlighters / Pens
- Glasses
- Apple Watch
- Shoes / Socks

Impact of Globalization
Globalization has made our lives easier, considering we can access products that would not be accessible otherwise - we can use a laptop due to globalization. It also gives us access to more opportunities, in jobs, education, etc, considering we have opportunities from other countries. It also provides exposure to other cultures and lifestyles.

On the other side, it has made our lives worse because there is exposure to certain things that cause addiction. It also gives us access to social media, which can cause unhealthy mental health and can have negative impact. It also increases competition for schools, colleges and jobs, for our lives and our families.

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Globalization - Kubera, Shivin, Rihaan, Gunaaya

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Globalization - Kubera, Shivin, Rihaan, Gunaaya

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Items
- Laptop
- Pens
- Books
- Charger
- Headphones
- Bag
- Bottle

Benefits:
Spread/distribution of knowledge/ideas
Education
Technological advancements
Job/educational opportunities
Allows us access to international items/products

Negatives:
Exposed to fake news
Pressure from social media

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Globalization is a fact..not just in finance, but in communication, technology, increasingly in culture, in recreation. In the world of the internet, information technology, and TV, there will be globalization. And in trade, the problem is there’s not too much of it, on the contrary, there’s too little of it. The issue is not how to stop globalization…but how we use the power of community to combine it with justice…the alternative to globalization is isolation’ - Tony Blair, 2001

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2.‘Globalization has made us more vulnerable. It creates a world without borders, and makes us painfully aware of the limitations of our present instruments, and of politics to meet its challenges - Anna Lidh

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1. ‘Wild globalization has benefited some but it’s been a catastrophe for most’ - Marine Le Pen

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khwaish, agastya, rihaan, reeva, kavya, kiara, gunaayaa

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khwaish, agastya, rihaan, reeva, kavya, kiara, gunaayaa

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what does you quote say about the consequences of globalization?
We need to learn to use globalization properly, because it surrounds us everywhere and it will happen, despite any attempts to stop it. Though it is not a bad thing, it starts having negative implications if you use it incorrectly. To expand, if used incorrectly, the only way to reverse the impacts is to encourage isolation.

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Vedansh, Neev, Shivin, Patel, Vir, Kubera

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Vedansh, Neev, Shivin, Patel, Vir, Kubera

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Ylva Anna Maria Lindh was a Swedish Social Democratic politician and lawyer who served as the country's Foreign Minister from 1998 until her death in 2003. She was also a member of the Riksdag (Swedish parliament) representing the county of Södermanland until her death. The assassination was viewed as an attack on Sweden's society, necessitating solidarity rather than political rage. The decision was reached in a midday meeting on September 12 by Prime Minister Göran Persson and the leaders of the other political parties in the Riksdag to not allow Lindh's murder to affect the campaign. She thought that globalisation spread a large amount of conflicts and negative ideology.

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Aditya K, Dhruv, Madhav, Nandini, Shikhar , Shruti. 

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Aditya K, Dhruv, Madhav, Nandini, Shikhar , Shruti. 

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About Marine Le Pen:

Is a French politician

Was the leading figure in the running for president in 2017

She was an extreme right figure in politics

She was strongly against Globalization, because she believes that it can result in negative economic trends.

She is a member of the “National Assembly of France”

She is a part of the National Rally party

“My war is against Islamic fundamentalism.”

Quote:

“Wild globalisation has benefited some but it’s been a catastrophe for most.”

About the quote:

From this we can infer that globalisation is the main cause of deindustrialisation/ unemployment (Marine Le Pen 🙁).

She believes that globalisation is responsible for job loss in France.

She believes that globalisation has led to poverty.

She is an extreme rightist and follows very controversial beliefs, which is exactly why she said this quote.