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- Hollywood, J. S., Woods, D., Lauland, A., Jackson, B. A., & Silberglitt, R. (2018, March 26). Emerging technology trends and their impact on criminal justice. RAND Corporation. https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9996.html

-  Lobo, J., & Schnobrich, J. D. (2015, November 5). Tech effect and generational age implications on jury verdicts. Forensic Research & Criminology International Journal. https://medcraveonline.com/FRCIJ/tech-effect-and-generational-age-implications-on-jury-verdicts.html

-Paullet, L. K., Davis, A. G., McMillion, K. S., Yerby, J (2013). The new tech effect: A comparative analysis of two universities. Issues in information systems, Vol 14., issue 2, 12-22.

-  University, P. (2018). The growing role of technology in the Criminal Justice Field. Purdue Global. https://www.purdueglobal.edu/blog/criminal-justice/growing-role-technology-criminal-justice/

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Even though some people may disregard it, the Tech effect greatly impacts the jurors throughout the criminal justice system and crime in general. Mainly because of the assumption of the amount of technology playing a massive role in forensic evidence used in today’s day and age. Also, jurors tending not to convict suspects due to the constant shift in societal and technological trends that have an impact on their overall expectations of forensic tech seen in shows not being met in a real courtroom scenario. Along with the continuous advancement of technology used by law enforcement in regard to crime and our society throughout the 20th and 21st centuries.

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In conclusion, although many may disagree or disregard it, the CSI and Tech effect have and continue to play a massive role in the criminal justice system overall, and the outcome of certain cases or trials in the courtroom. Due to the assumptions of the amount of new and advanced technology having to play such a big part in forensic evidence. The tendency of jurors to then convict the suspect wrongfully or falsely in any way because of these expectations not being met, also because of the constant shifts in societal and technological trends all in regard to how they’re used with evidence or information in general. Along with the overall growth of technology used by law enforcement for crime scenarios and our society in general. If we want to continue to progress as a society, we have to keep educating ourselves on concepts such as this one to fully understand how to consistently develop in a more positive way.

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The case of Leigh Stubbs, a Mississippi woman who was sentenced to 44 years in prison on questionable forensic testimony. Despite no physical evidence, Ms. Stubbs was convicted of physically assaulting her friend Kim Williams. During the investigation a man named Michael West comes into the scene, carrying a reputation of shady forensic practices and an inflated resume. His resume notes that he was a “self-proclaimed” expert in a few fields such as wound patterns, trace metals, gunshot residue, blood splatters, trace metals, etc. As well as something called “liquid splash patterns,” and with all of this he was still recognized by the American Bar and American Board of Forensic Ontologists as a witness. Moreover, now on the scene, he attempted to compare Ms. Stubbs’ dental impressions only with a couple photographs of Ms. William’s injury. West also somehow enhanced the surveillance footage of the women, producing results that were insufficient for details stated by the FBI. At one point in the trial, West claimed that Ms. Stubbs was a lesbian, and how this was a common thing to see in homosexual relationships, all backed by his “expert knowledge.” Despite the strange false testimony, MS. Stubbs was sentenced to 44 years in prison, with no prior criminal record. Furthermore, with the help of the innocence project, she is trying to clear her name. There were several other innocent people West sent to prison following his false testimonies but have all been either exonerated or are currently appealing their cases. Overall, this case study completely supports my thesis. The fact West has been able to continuously wrongfully convict innocent people due to his ongoing list of “credentials.” While attempting to use methods of forensic evidence that are similar to what is seen on CSI-type shows to make it easier to reach jurors expectations of what forensic evidence looks like is complete blasphemy. Also, even with the FBI raising questions about his methods all while he is still participating in trials, doing his so-called profession is very strange to me. Not only does this have an impact on the criminal justice system and just how relevant the CSI and tech effect is in our society, but also on the innocent victims he has wrongfully convicted and what it meant for their own lives along with their respective family and friends.

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Essentially, the purpose of this study is to analyze the growing role of technology in the criminal justice field, with the overall use of new tech innovations multiplying by the day as new advancements only continue to rise. Also, understanding how much of a role it plays in our law enforcement concerning data, identification systems, and detection or monitoring. The paper’s hypothesis sums up the concept that as technology is used to commit more sophisticated crimes, law enforcement officers and those in the legal system are increasingly using tech tools to combat crime. However, to keep the public safe and protect human life, the criminal justice industry must use cutting-edge software, tracking systems, and more. (Purdue, 2018). With that being said, it’s so key while using more of this advanced technology, that they also care for the protection of human life, which comes before anything else. There are many ways things can go wrong especially when it comes to using tech tools meant to fight crime. In terms of the methods used to back their hypothesis, the authors have used in-depth primary and secondary research backed by some intriguing data to support their claims. There were some very important findings in their research, firstly, the use of rapid identification systems. Some people may have heard about this, knowing that it has been implemented by law enforcement more consistently since 2018. This system allows police officers to quickly see the criminal history of individuals through a basic search. The FBI’s Next Generation Identification system (NGI) uses biometrics such as palm prints, facial recognition, and fingerprints. All are used as a method to match up the correct individuals with their criminal history information. Also, constant advancements in the technology aspect of the system are being updated over time. Moreover, the use of drones, in-car computers, and gunshot technology have all been amplified in a positive way for law enforcement’s use. The implications of the research findings in the real world are pretty simple, all of this new and improved tech being used by the police force and government have a beneficial impact on their efficiency as a whole, while also balancing the safeness and protection of regular citizens in our society. There has to be a good balance between the two since technology can go wrong in many ways, very quickly. Furthermore, these findings are related to my thesis mainly because this ongoing growth in new technology used for crime and our society, in general, will only continue as we move forward in modern life. It’s always very interesting to learn about these new developments while understanding the positives and negatives that can come with them.

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The purpose of this study was to analyze the importance of all the emerging technology trends that can lead to an overall impact on criminal justice, knowing that some of these continuous trends don’t match the expectations of a juror during a case. Technological developments often outpace associated developments in law, regulations, policy, culture, and knowledge regarding effective use. In addition, many of the technologies are young, and costs might remain prohibitive. (Hollywood, et al., 2018). The overall hypothesis is to identify the major social and technological trends in the next 3-5 years and assess the impacts, both threats, and opportunities that they could have on criminal justice as a whole, while also identifying responses to these different trends. The authors mainly used their research findings and implemented them into graphs and charts for the readers to understand completely. Some of the most important results and findings were that to truly prevent the misuse of new technologies, security, privacy, and civil rights protections need to be incorporated into common processes for implementing those technologies. This is a take that I’ve never heard before so it was very intriguing, with this idea, it offers stability in the system while also protecting those behind the screens and keyboards. Sticking with this idea, as part of the graph given in the source that was a key theme in their findings. This was followed up with various trends that support the theme, and some ideas regarding different positive outlooks on the concept in the next few years. Some other trends regarded business processes for operationalizing new technologies, a lack of core business cases, and other key reference material for new technologies. Also, looking at some positive ways ahead starting with developing business cases for key technologies, and common business processes for operationalizing key technologies. Moreover, another concept that was also backed by research is that materials need to be developed to educate the public about emerging criminal-justice technologies, and I believe that is very important in our society, knowing how many things can be twisted in all sorts of directions by the media in today’s day and age, and this will then sort of help people also understand or become more aware of the tech and CSI effect so they then can avoid and negate it. There are many implications these findings have on the real world. Mainly, these new technology trends will only continue to grow over the next few years, so understanding them completely while also comprehending the impact they can have on the criminal justice system is very important for our society. In all, the findings support my thesis, while talking about the different trends focused on technology, this impact it has on criminal justice is crucial for understanding certain biases such as the CSI and tech effect, which can potentially affect the outcome of results in a verdict due to these ongoing trends not matching jurors expectations of certain forensic evidence and information used in a real court situation. Also, for us to move forward in a positive, more non-bias way we have to fully understand this and educate ourselves even more.

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The aim of the study was to break down and analyze the Tech effect to mainly see if certain ages or various generations have some sort of implications or bias on overall jury verdicts. Also, to isolate a factor, specifically age, which would show whether a correlation exists between the tech effect and verdicts in many different scenarios. This relationship may be altered as well depending on a juror’s age. Over the past 30 years, forensic science and the analysis of physical evidence have become increasingly influential in courtroom proceedings. (Lobo 2015). Typically, younger jurors know more about the Tech or CSI effect in general or are more aware of it than older ones, which is supported by surveys and graphs later in this empirical source. In fact, no current studies exist that identify a specific variable that can directly influence jury decision-making besides the CSI or Tech effect. Technology has advanced in many different directions in today’s day and age and continues at a fast rate. So, if people aren’t keeping themselves updated with what’s going on, specifically older generations due to the simple fact that many of them don’t feel the need to, this is where certain biases will come into play for various people. Moreover, it has become a huge part of courtroom proceedings, not only for key pieces of evidence but also during trial presentations. 40% of jurors were born between 1965-99, which automatically denies the assumption that a jury would not be able to comprehend the evidence and technology. The focus of this study is to combine those areas of research to determine if the age of a jury can influence the outcome of a trial and if the tech effect varies among a specific pool of jurors. There were two main methods used which were two different surveys and a complete statistical analysis. Subsequently, as for the most important results, most of the initial respondents were young, 35.7% of 18-25 years old, 20% were aged 26-30 and only 18% of those were over the age of 65. All of the respondents had limited experience with crime and jury duty, however, more than 83% of all age groups had at least an associative degree or some college experience. This led to a further focus on the importance of various CSI-type TV shows, and who saw those as the main influential sources of information in regard to an ongoing case. This certain study showed that of those who responded, 63.3% saw the shows as being important and only 17.5% said it isn’t as important as any other type of information or key evidence. The findings from this research once again reiterate how much of an effect the CSI/tech effect has on our society in general, even on normal citizens with some type of college degree or general college experience. This research completely supports my overall thesis, after going through this study knowing how high of a priority more advanced CSI-type series’ evidence is seen by people with little to no jury duty service or time as a victim themselves. With that being said, it continues to prove my point that the both of these conceptual effect have a huge impact on not only jurors in the courtroom as part of the criminal justice system but also many others even outside of jury duty service in society who are just normal citizens in society.