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7500 B.C. : The first known inhabitants to live in Ireland

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7500 B.C. : The first known inhabitants to live in Ireland

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The first people arrived in Ireland in 7500 B.C. They are called Stone Age people. Archaeologists have found their existence through their surviving tools and weapons.

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1170 : The first time England is involved in Ireland

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1170 : The first time England is involved in Ireland

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In 1170, Ireland was inavade by the Normans, who were led by Strongbow.
Turlogh O'Connor overthrows King Dermot MacMurrough of Leinster in 1170, and MacMurrough appeals to King Henry II of England in order to be helped.
McMurrow rewarded the British soldiers who helped him to retake his kingdom with its land.

Informations about the Irish Invasion by the English : BBC - History - British History in depth: Invasions of Ireland from 1170 - 1320

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1541 : Henry VIII becomes the king of Ireland

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1541 : Henry VIII becomes the king of Ireland

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Henry VIII was born on the 28 of June 1491 and died on the 28 of January 1547. He was king of England and then forced the Irish to accept him as king to. He made it so English people had power on Irish people and tried to reject the catholic culture which was already there and wanted to introduce Protestantism to Ireland. He failed his attempt concerning religion.

To learn more about him : Henry VIII | Biography, Wives, Religion, Death, & Facts | Britannica

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11th September 1649:   Massacre of Drogheda

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11th September 1649:   Massacre of Drogheda

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The massacre of Drogheda is a really important event in Ireland's history, that occured in 1649, and more precisely on 11th September. It put an end to something that we call, The Siege of Drogheda.

In the 17th century, a big Royalist rebellion broke up in Ireland, because a lot of Irish people, wanted to rebel against English rule. To stop all these revolts, Oliver Cromwell (an English politician and militarian) decided to go to Ireland with troups. And after this siege, he massacred a huge nulber of Irish Catholics at Drogheda, because they were against the English involvement and power in Ireland and also as a "revenge" because they massacred Protestants who were on the English Side. And to finalise his actions against the Catholics, he gave to the English Protestants a big part of the Irish land, and instituted anti-Catholic laws.

To know more about the siege of drogheda : Siege of Drogheda | Summary | Britannica

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William of orange arrived in england to replace James II on the throne with his army. He exiled him and James II went to Ireland.
However he decided to form an army to take his place but he was not supported by the people because of his religious beliefs. Moreover some Protestants supported William of Orange.

To learn more about this main event : Glorious Revolution of 1688 - Definition & Summary - HISTORY

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As we said it for the previous event, in Irish history, Catholics and English Protestants had a lot of disagreements. And more, they fought a lot and English Protestants established a lot of rules to control the Catholics. For example with the land. In the 17th century, because of the English, Catholics had to move, to go to other areas and all. And by 1703, English Nobles were the owners of 90 % of the Irish land, and Catholics had to pay them to live there.

To learn more about the Ireland's Protestant Ascendancy : Ireland's Protestant Ascendancy explained | Britannica

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Potato blight killed Ireland's staple food. During the Potato Famine, approximately one million people died of starvation and fever.

Potatoes were the staple food of the Irish. Although other crops such as wheat, oats, beef, mutton, pigs and poultry were abundant, they were all shipped abroad by British landlords for profit, while the Irish mainly lived on potatoes. In 1845, disease struck Ireland's potato crop, wiping out half the crop.

Things got worse in 1846 and 1847, people were starving. About one million people immigrated to the United States and Canada.

The British government did not send money to help the starving people, as they thought that Irish would use it to buy weapons to rebel against them.

Landowners continue to ship products abroad.

More than 1.5 million people starved to death during the grat potato famine. Survivors are filled with hatred for the British government, which refused to help.

To learn more about this famine : Irish Potato Famine: Date, Cause & Great Hunger - HISTORY - HISTORY

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Once British forces left the country in 1922, they let their stations to Irish volunteers. Even though English people left, local people where split into two groups: the ones that supported partion and those who didn't. Ones where called Free state soldiers while other where known as Irregulars. These two groups had very opposite opinions and tension started to raise between them. They came to the arms and fought for a little bit more than a year which led to hundreds of deaths. After all that time a provisional government made this civil war come to an end by capturing more than 1100 rebels.

To learn more : Ireland 1922: The new Irish state descends into civil war - BBC News

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A peaceful march was organized against Internment. The IRA should not intervene during it but some British soldiers have crossed out the road to marchers. This has led to conflicts and in the end 14 people were killed and 13 persons were inspired.

To learn more : Bloody Sunday | Summary, Date, & Facts | Britannica

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In 1976, the British gorvernment had made changes in the laws and status about the prisoners. Prisoners decided to campaign since this moment, for a new change in their favor, by two types of protests. The blanket protest, they refused to wear prison clothing. And the dirty protest, they refused to clean there cells. Because of the fail of these actions, they decided to change their way of fighting and they began the hunger strikes, which means that they weren't eating anymore. The first striker, in 1981, was  Bobby Sands. 10 prisoners including him, died because of this,and it made people react. They were martyrs, 100 000 people attended Bobby Sand's funeral. And even if they didn't won what they wanted just after this, it had a real impact on the future and it will help to convince the British Government.

A timeline of the Hunger Strikes : Timeline of the 1980 hunger strike – The Irish Times