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JJ Thompson was born the 18 December 1856 Cheetham Hill, Manchester, England and he died the 30 August 1940 (aged 83) Cambridge, England. He was a British physicist and Nobel Laureate in Physics, credited with the discovery of the electron, the first subatomic particle to be discovered.

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Thomson  discovered the electrons by showing that cathode rays were composed of previously unknown negatively charged particles(this unknown negatively charged particles are the electrons), which he calculated must have bodies much smaller than atoms and a very large charge-to-mass ratio.

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John Dalton was born the 6 September 1766 Eaglesfield, Cumberland, England  and  he died the 27 July 1844 (aged 77) Manchester, Lancashire, England. He was an English chemist, physicist and meteorologist. He is best known for introducing the atomic theory into chemistry, and for his research into colour blindness, which he had.

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William Crooke was born in 1872 and died in 1919, was an English chemist, one of the most important scientists in Europe both in the field of physics and chemistry.

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In 1861 William discovered the element thallium, he is known for being the inventor of the cathode ray tube, and also for being the first to analyze helium gas in the laboratory.

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In 1808 John Dalton created the atomic theory that says that the atoms are indivisible, and atoms of the same element are identical to each other and different atoms have different masses.

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Rutherford was born in 1871 and died at the age of 66 in 1937. Rutherford tried to see what the scattering of alpha particles by atoms in very thin gold foil was like. The angles resulting from the deflection of the particles would supposedly provide information about how the charge distribution was in the atoms.

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Doberiener was born the  13 December 1780 Hof, Principality of Bayreuth and he died the 24 March 1849 (aged 68) Jena, Grand Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach. He was a German chemist who is best known for work that foreshadowed the periodic law for the chemical elements, and for inventing the first lighter, which was known as the Döbereiner's lamp.[1] He became a professor of chemistry and pharmacy at the University of Jena.

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In 1902 he realized that there were 2 problems: On the one hand, the problem of how a set of positive charges could be held together in such a small volume was raised, a fact that later led to the postulation and discovery of the strong nuclear force, which is one of the four fundamental interactions. On the other hand, there was another difficulty coming from classical electrodynamics, which predicts that a charged and accelerated particle, as would be the case of electrons orbiting around the nucleus, would produce electromagnetic radiation, losing energy and finally falling on the nucleus.

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In 1829, Johann Döbereiner recognized triads of elements with chemically similar properties, such as lithium, sodium, and potassium, and showed that the properties of intermediate elements could be predicted from the properties of the other two elements.

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Dmitri Mendeleev was born the 8 February 1834 Verkhnie Aremzyani, Tobolsk Governorate, Russian Empire and he died the2 February 1907 (aged 72) Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire .He was a Russian chemist and inventor.

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Born in London in 1837 and died in 1898, he was an English analytical chemist who prepared in 1863 a table of the elements arranged according to their atomic masses

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And also discovered the law of eighths, which according to every eight elements have similar properties.

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In 1869, Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev created the framework that became the modern periodic table, leaving gaps for elements that had yet to be discovered. When he arranged the elements by atomic weight and found that they didn't fit into that group, he rearranged them.

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Henry Moseley was born the 23 November 1887 Weymouth, Dorset, England  and he died the 10 August 1915 (aged 27) Gallipoli, Ottoman Empire.He was an English physicist, whose contribution to the science of physics was the justification from physical laws of the previous empirical and chemical concept of the atomic number.

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Robert Andrews Millikan was an American experimental physicist honored with the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1923 for the measurement of the elementary electric charge and for his work on the photoelectric effect.

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In 1913, while he was working at the University of Manchester, he observed and measured the X-ray spectra of different chemical elements using diffraction in crystals. Through this, he discovered a systematic relation between wave- length and atomic number.

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In 1910 Robert Millikan succeeded in precisely determining the magnitude of the electron's charge. Small electrically charged drops of oil were suspended between two metal plates where they were subjected to the downward force of gravity and the upward attraction of an electrical field.

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Humphry Davy was born the December 17, 1778, Penzance, United Kingdom and he died the May 29, 1829, Geneva,Switzerland. He was a British chemist and inventor.

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James Chadwick was an English physicist who was awarded the 1935 Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery of the neutron in 1932.
He born October 20 in 1891, in United kingdom and he died 24 July in 1974

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In 1932, Chadwick made a fundamental discovery in the domain of nuclear science: he proved the existence of neutrons – elementary particles devoid of any electrical charge.

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Robert Boyle was born in Waterford, January 25, 1627 and died in London, December 31, 1691. He was an Anglo-Irish natural philosopher, chemist, physicist and inventor. He was also a prominent Christian theologian.

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He discovered the inverse relationship between pressure and volume in a gas (known as Boyle's law today) contributed to the development of atomic theory by demonstrating that matter is made of tiny particles that he called corpuscles, but that are known as atoms today.

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In 1815 he invented the Davy lamp and a very early form of arc lamp. He is also remembered for isolating, by using electricity, several elements for the first time: potassium and sodium in 1807 and calcium, strontium, barium, magnesium and boron the following year, as well as for discovering the elemental nature of chlorine and iodine. Davy also studied the forces involved in these separations, inventing the new field of electrochemistry. Davy is also credited to have been the first to discover clathrate hydrates in his lab.

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Niels Bohr was born the 7 October 1885 Copenhagen, Denmark and he died the 18 November 1962 (aged 77) Copenhagen, Denmark. He was a Danish physicist who made foundational contributions to understanding atomic structure and quantum theory, for which he received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1922. Bohr was also a philosopher and a promoter of scientific research.

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In 1913, Niels Bohr proposed a theory for the hydrogen atom, based on the quantum theory according to which some physical quantities take only discrete values. Electrons move around a nucleus, but only in prescribed orbits, and if the electrons jump to a lower-energy orbit, the difference is sent out as radiation.