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Word formation processes are methods by which new words are created in a language. The key processes:

1.Derivation: Adding prefixes or suffixes to an existing word to create a new word. For example, "happy" becomes "unhappy" (prefix) or "happiness" (suffix).

2.Compounding: Combining two or more words to form a new word. For instance, "toothbrush" combines "tooth" and "brush."

3.Blending: Merging parts of two words to form a new one. For example, "brunch" comes from "breakfast" and "lunch."

4.Clipping: Shortening a longer word. For example, "telephone" becomes "phone."

5.Acronyms: Forming a word from the initial letters of a phrase. For instance, "NASA" stands for "National Aeronautics and Space Administration."

6.Backformation: Creating a new word by removing a suffix from an existing word. For example, "editor" leads to "edit."

7.Conversion (or zero derivation): Changing the part of speech of a word without altering its form. For example, "run" can be a verb ("I run") or a noun ("a long run").

8.Borrowing: Adopting words from other languages. For example, "ballet" is borrowed from French.

9.Coinage: Creating a completely new word, often for a brand or a new concept. For example, "Xerox" as a brand name has become a common noun.

10.Eponyms: Words derived from the names of people or places. For example, "sandwich" comes from the Earl of Sandwich.

11.Etymology: The study of history and origin of words. Eg : indica is from the Latin word "of India"

-[Asmita]

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Continuation:

7)Backformation-

A very specialized type of reduction process is known as backformation. Typically, a word of one type is reduced to form a word of another type

Ex. Persecute to persecutor

8) Conversion-

A change in the function of a word, as for example when a noun comes to be used as a verb (without any reduction), is generally known as conversion. Other labels for this process are “category change” and “functional shift.

Ex. He is CHAIRING the meeting

9)Acronyms

Acronyms are new words formed from the initial letters of a set of other words.

Ex. SONAR- Sound Navigation And Ranging

10) Derivation

It involves the formation of new words. This process of derivation is accomplished by means of a large number of small “bits”. These small “bits” are generally described as affixes.

A)Prefixes

affixes that have to be added to the beginning of the word

ex. un-, mis-

B)Suffixes

Affixes that have to be added to the end of the word

Ex. Ly-, ful-

C)Infixes

not normally used in English, but found in some other languages. an infix is an affix that is incorporated inside another

Anjana Karthik

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1) Etymology

The study of the origin and history of a word is know as it's etymology

Eg:jeans, heat

2) coinage

The invention of totally new word is called coinage

Eg:aspirin, Vaseline

3) Borrowing :

Taking over of words from other language is called borrowing

Eg: typewriter, supermarket

4) compounding

Joining two separate words to produce a single form

Eg:school bag, sunflower

5) blending

The combination of two seperate forms to produce a single new term

Eg: telecast, brunch

6) clipping

When a word of more than one syllable

Eg: gas,ad

7) backformation

A type of reduction typically a word of one type(usually verb)

Eg:donate(donation) and babysit(babysitter)

8) conversion

A change in the function of a word

Eg: have you buttered toast, stand up comedian

9) acronym

Are new word formed from the initial letters of a set of other words

Eg:cd, vcr

10) derivation

The formation of wordby changing the form of the base or by adding affixes

Eg:un(unhappy), ful(joyful)

11) prefixes

Affixes are added before a word

Eg:disrespect, misunderstood

12) suffixes

Affixes added after a word

Eg:sadness, beautiful

13) infixes

An affix that is incorporated inside another word

Eg: singabloodypore

E. Pauline Priscilla angel

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Process of word formation :

1. Etymology

2. Coinage

3. Borrowing

4. Compounding

5. Blending

6. Clipping

7. Back formation

8. Conversion

9. Acronym

10. Derivation

1. Etymology :

The study of the origin and history of a word is known as its etymology.

Example : the word heat comes from the Middle English word hete.

2. Coinage :

One of the least common processes of word formation in English is coinage, that is, the invention of totally new terms.

Example : aspirin,xerox.

3. Borrowing :

the taking over of words from other languages.

Example : tattoo (Tahitian)

4. Compounding :

There is a joining of two separate

words to produce a single form. This combining process is called compounding.

Example : fingerprint, sunburn

5. Clipping :

The element of reduction that is noticeable in blending is even more apparent in the process described as clipping.

Example : fan (fanatic), flu (influenza)

6. Blending :

The combination of two separate forms to produce a single new term is also present in the process called blending.

Example : brunch (breakfast+lunch), motel (motor+hotel).

7. Back formation :

A very specialized type of reduction process is known as backformation. Typically, a

word of one type (usually a noun) is reduced to form a word of another type (usually a verb).

Example : donate (from “donation”)

8. Conversion :

on

A change in the function of a word, as for example when a noun comes to be used as a verb (without any reduction), is generally known as conversion.

Example : dirty floor, an empty room

9. Acronym :

Acronyms are new words formed from the initial letters of a set of other words.

Example : laser (“light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation”)

10. Derivation :

accomplished by means of a large number of small

“bits” of the English language which are not usually given separate listings in

dictionaries. These small “bits” are generally described as affixes.

Sumedha B K

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Etymology

The study of the origin and history of a word is known as its etymology.

Examples: Avocado (Origin: Nahuatl)

Cappuccino (Origin: italian)

Coinage:

It is the common processes of word formation in English is coinage, that is, the invention of totally new terms.

Example: ebaying, googling

Borrowing:

New words are formed in English by borrowing from other languages. Examples: sofa (Arabic), tattoo (Tahitian), tycoon (Japanese)

Compounding:

Compounding is the formation of new words by combining two words.

Examples: doorknob, bookcase, handbag

Blending:

The combination of two separate forms to produce a single new term is also present in

the process called blending.

Examples: smog, smaze.

Clipping:

The element of reduction that is noticeable in blending is even more apparent in the

process described as clipping.

Examples:barbie (“barbecue”), bookie (“bookmaker”)

Backformation:

A very specialized type of reduction process is known as backformation. Typically, a

word of one type (usually a noun) is reduced to form a word of another type (usually a verb)

Examples:donate (from “donation”), emote (from “emotion”)

Conversion:

A change in the function of a word, as for example when a noun comes to be used as a

verb (without any reduction), is generally known as conversion.

Example: an email (noun) changing to a verb; to email.

Acronyms:

Acronyms are new words formed from the initial letters of a set of other words. These

can be forms such as CD (“compact disk”) or VCR (“video cassette recorder.

Derivation:

the origin from which a word or phrase has developed.

Examples:unhappy, misrepresent, prejudge

Infixes:

term suggests, it is an affix that is

incorporated inside another word. Examples: Hallebloodylujah!, Absogoddamlutely!

Prefixes and suffixes:

Prefixes are words added at the beginning of the stem word.

Suffix is words added at the end of the stem word.

Examples: mislead has a prefix, disrespectful has both a prefix

and a suffix.

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Etymology:

The study of the origin and history of a word is known as its etymology . Eg handbook

Coinage : One of the least common processes of word formation in English is coinage

Eg: xerox

Borrowing:

one of the most common sources of new words in English is the process simply labeled borrowing Eg: tycoon (Japanese)

Compounding

The joining of two separate words to produce a single form

Eg : book case

Blending

The combination of two separate forms to produce a single new term is also present in the process called blending

Eg : modem

Clipping

The element of reduction that is noticeable in blending is even more apparent in the process described as clipping

Eg : perm (permanent wave)

Backformation

A very specialized type of reduction process is known as backformation.

Eg:donate (from “donation”

Conversion

A change in the function of a word, as for example when a noun comes to be used as a verb (without any reduction), is generally known as conversion.

Eg: run - runner

Acronyms

Acronyms are new words formed from the initial letters of a set of other words. These can be forms such as CD (“compact disk”)

Derivation

In our list so far, we have not dealt with what is by far the most common word- formation process to be found in the production of new English words. This process is called derivatioN.

Eg: unhappy

KIRUTHIKA .S

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1.Coinage

One of the least common processes of word formation in English is coinage, that is, the invention of totally new terms.

Eg: sociology coined by Auguste Comte

2.Borrowing

It is, the taking over of words from other languages.

Eg:Yogurt: From Turkish

3.Compounding

This combining process, technically known as compounding,

is very common in languages such as German and English, but much less common in languages such as French and Spanish.

Eg: Hotdog, Shutdown

4.Blending

The combination of two separate forms to produce a single new term is also present in

the process called blending.

Eg:Brunch(Breakfast/Lunch)

5.Clipping

The element of reduction that is noticeable in blending is even more apparent in the

process described as clipping. This occurs when a word of more than one syllable

, usually beginning in casual speech. The

term gasoline is still used, but most people talk about gas.

6.Backformation

A very specialized type of reduction process is known as backformation. Typically, a word of one type (usually a noun) is reduced to form a word of another type (usually a verba).

Eg:Run to Runner

7.Conversion

A change in the function of a word, as for example when a noun comes to be used as a verb (without any reduction), is generally known as conversion. Other labels for this

very common process are “category change” and “functional shift.

Eg:Bottle to bottled.

8.Acronyms

Acronyms are new words formed from the initial letters of a set of other words. These

can be forms such as CD (“compact disk”).

9.Derivation

Derivation is a word formation process that creates new words from existing ones by changing, adding, or removing a non-inflectional affix.

Eg: Reduplication

10.Suffix, prefix and insufix

Other affixes have to be added to the end of the word (e.g. -less, -ish) and

are called suffixes

Eg: Happiness

Other affixes have to be added to the beginning of the word.

Eg: Incomming

There is a third type of affix, not normally used in English, but found in some other

languages. This is called an infix.

Eg:Hallebloodylujah.

*Srinithi Avanthikaa.A

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Etymology

The study of the origin and history of a word is known as its etymology

Eg.The word philosophy comes from the Ancient Greek words (philos) 'love' and (sophia) 'wisdom'

Coinage

the invention of totally new terms

Eg. teddy bear - Morris Michtom, a candy shop owner, decided to create a toy bear and dedicate it to the president, Theodore Roosevelt, who refused to shoot a bear. Then he called it 'Teddy's Bear'.

Borrowing

the taking over of words from other languages

Eg. Jungle from Hindi

Compounding

joining of two separate

words to produce a single form

Eg. Flowerpot

Bending

The combination of two separate forms to produce a single new term is also present in

the process called blending

Eg. Brexit

Clipping

The element of reduction that is noticeable in blending is even more apparent in the

process described as clipping.

Eg. Fridge from refrigerator

Backformation

a word of one type (usually a noun) is reduced to form a word of another type (usually a verb)

Eg. Play to player

Conversion

A change in the function of a word, as for example when a noun comes to be used as a

verb (without any reduction), is generally known as conversion

Eg. Host

Acronym

Acronyms are new words formed from the initial letters of a set of other words.

Eg. ISHA

Derivation

This process is accomplished by means of a large number of small

“bits” of the English language which are not usually given separate listings in dictionaries. These small “bits” are generally described as affixes.

Eg. Misunderstood

Prefixes and Suffixes

some affixes have to be added to the beginning of the word (e.g. un-, mis-). These are called prefixes. Other affixes have to be added to the end of the word (e.g. -less, -ish) and

are called suffixes.

Eg. Unhappy, happiness

Infexis

an affix that is incorporated inside another word.

Eg.fan-freakin'-tastic

Ann Mariya Erine

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1.Etymology:

The study of the origin and history of a word is known as its etymology.

Example: heat,jeans

2.coinage:

The invention of totally new word is called coinage.

Example:aspirin, vaseline

3.borrowing:

Taking over of words from other language is known as borrowing

Example: supermarket,typewriter

4.compounding:

joining of two separate

words to produce a single form.

Example: sunflower, schoolbag

5.blending:

The combination of two separate forms to produce a single new term is

the process called blending

Example: brunch, telecast

6.clipping:

when a word of more than one syllable

(facsimile) is reduced to a shorter form (fax)

Example: gas,ad

7.backformation:

a word of one type is reduced to form a word of another type

Example: donate ( donation) and babysit (babysitter)

8.conversion:

A change in the function of a word Is called as conversion

Example: have you buttered the toast?

9.Acronyms:

Acronyms are new words formed from the initial letters of a set of other words

Example: CD and VCR

10.derivation:

the formation of a word by changing the form of the base or by adding affixes

Example: un (unhappy) and ful (joyful)

11. Prefixes:

Affixes added before a word

Example: disrespect and misunderstood

12.suffixes:

Affixes added after a word

Example: sadness and beautiful

13. Infixes:

an affix that is incorporated inside another word

Example: singabloodypore!

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Process of word formation

1) etymology

The study of the origin and history of a word is known as it's etymology

( Ex) Handbook

2) coinage

The invention of totally new terms is called coinage

(Ex) Aspirin,nylon ,zipper

3) borrowing

Taking over of words from other language is called borrowing

( Ex)Tycoon ( japanese )

4) compounding

There is a joining of two seperate words to produce a single form

(Ex) Textbook, wallpaper, schoolbag

5) blending

The combination of two seperate forms to produce a single new term

( Ex) Spanglish ,telex

6) clipping

The element of reduction that is noticeable in blending is even more apparent in the clipping

(Ex) Telly , brekky

7) back formation

A very specialized type of reduction process is called back formation

( Ex ) Swindle

8 ) conversion

A change in function of word

(Ex) Dirtyfloor ,emptyroom

9 ) acronyms

They are new words formed from initial letter of a set of other words

(Ex) NASA

10 ) derivation

The most common word formation process to be found in the production of new English words

(Ex) Unhappy,joyful

D Rakshana

L0124019

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Entomology

Etymology is the study of the origin and

historical development of words.

"Hospital" comes from the Latin hospes, meaning "guest" or

"host," and evolved through Old French hospital before becoming the modern

English term for a medical institution.

Prefixes and Suffixes:

﻿﻿Prefixes are added to the beginning of a word (e.g., un- in unhappy).

﻿﻿Suffixes are added to the end of a word (e.g., -ness in happiness).

Compounding:

- Combining two or more words to form a new word (e.g., toothbrush from tooth)

Compounding:

- Combining two or more words to form a new word (e.g., toothbrush from tooth and brush).

Conversion:

- Changing the word class without altering its form (e.g., run (verb) to a run (noun)).

Blending:

- Merging parts of two words (e.g., brunch from breakfast and lunch).

Acronyms

- Forming a word from the initial letters of a phrase (e.g., NASA from National

Aeronautics and Space

Administration).

Abbreviation:

- Shortening a word or phrase (e.g., Dr. for Doctor).

Derivation:

- Forming new words by adding affixes to a base word (e.g., happy to happiness)

Coinage

Coinage is the process of creating a completely new word or term. This process typically involves inventing a word that did not previously exist in the language. For example:

﻿﻿Google: Originally a brand name, it has become a verb meaning to search for information online.

A.Prithivi Bathi

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1. Etymology:

Etymology is the study of the origin and history of words—their roots, development, and how their meanings and forms have evolved over time.

example: 1. “Pandemic”

Origin: The word “pandemic” comes from the Greek words “pan-” meaning “all” and “demos” meaning “people.”

2. Coinage:

Coinage is the process of creating entirely new words or terms that did not previously exist in the language. These words often arise from the need to describe new inventions, brands, or cultural phenomena.

example: Selfie:

Origin: The word “selfie” was coined in the early 2000s, likely from Australian slang. It combines “self,” referring to the person taking the photo, with the informal suffix “-ie.”

3. Borrowing: Borrowing is a word formation process where one language takes words from another language.

example: taco

Origin: The word “taco” is borrowed from Spanish. In Spanish, “taco” refers to a traditional Mexican dish consisting of a folded or rolled tortilla filled with various ingredients, such as meat, cheese, and vegetables.

4. Compound : This involves combining two or more words to form a single word.

Example:

“Sun” + “flower” = “Sunflower”

“Tooth” + “paste” = “Toothpaste”

5. Clipping:This involves shortening a longer word to create a new word.

Example:

“Advertisement” → “Ad”

“Laboratory” → “Lab”

6. Conversion: This occurs when a word changes its word class without changing its form.

Example:

“Noun to verb:” “Google” (noun) → “to Google” (verb)

“Verb to noun:” “Run” (verb) → “a run” (noun)

7. Acronyms: A new word formed from the initial letters of a phrase or name.

Example:

“NASA” (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)

“RADAR” (Radio Detection and Ranging)

8. Backformation:is the creation of a new word by removing a supposed affix from an existing word, usually resulting in a word that seems to be the base form of the original.

example:

A)”Editor” to “Edit”:

Original Word: Editor

B)”Thief” to “Thieve”:

Original Word: Thief

9. Derivation :Derivation in word formation involves creating new words by adding affixes to a base or root word. Affixes include prefixes, suffixes, and infixes.

1. Prefixes

Prefixes are affixes added to the beginning of a base word to alter its meaning.

Examples:

“Un-” + “happy” = “Unhappy”

“Pre-” + “view” = “Preview”

“Dis-” + “like” = “Dislike”

2. Suffixes

Suffixes are affixes added to the end of a base word to change its form or meaning, often altering its part of speech.

Examples:

“Happy” + ”-ness” = “Happiness”

“Teach” + ”-er” = “Teacher”

“Quick” + ”-ly” = “Quickly”

3. Infixes

Infixes are affixes inserted within a base word, though they are less common in English compared to prefixes and suffixes. Infixes often modify the meaning or grammatical function of the word.

Examples:

“Un-” + “believe” = “Unbelieve”

“Abso-” + ”-bloody-” + “lutely” = “Absolutely”

TEJESWINI SIDDHARTH

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Etymology: The study of the origin and history of a world

Eg- handbook

Coinage- One of the least common processes of board formation in english

Eg Google

Borrowing- Taking over of words from other languages

Eg - croissant

Compounding:. The combining process.

Eg- sunburn

Blending- The combination of two separate forms to produce a single new term is also present

Eg-gasohol

Clipping- The element of reduction that is , noticeable in blending is even more apparent in the process.

Eg- perm

Backformation: A very specialised type of radiation process.

Eg-donate

Conversion: A change in the function of a word as for example , when a noun comes to be used as a verb ( without any reduction)

Eg- they're going to up the price of oil

Acronyms: New words formed from the initial letters of a set of other words.

Eg- CD

Derivation: The most common word performation process could be found in the production of new english words.

Eg- joyful

Jerusha

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Entomology

The study of origin and history of a word is called entomology. Eg; entomon(insect)

Coinage

One of least common process of word formation, that is invention of totally new terms . Eg. Asprin

Borrowing

As Bill Bryson observed in the quotation presented earlier one of the most common sources of new words. Eg tattoo(tahitan)

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1) Etymology

The study of the origin and history of a word is known as its etymology, a term which, like many of our technical words, comes to us through Latin, but has its origins in

Greek

Ex :- (e´tymon “original form” + logia “study of”)

2) Coinage

One of the least common processes of word formation in English is coinage, that is, the invention of totally new terms.

Ex :- Xerox

3) Borrowing

borrowing is the taking over of words from other languages.

Ex :- sofa (arabic)

4) Compounding

joining of two separate words to produce a single form.

Ex:- Notebook

5)

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The study of the origin and history of a word is known as its etymology.

Eg: handbook

One of the least common processes of word formation in English is coinage.

Eg: nylon

one of the most common

sources of new words in English is the process simply labeled borrowing.

Eg: tattoo

Lehn and Wort are combined to produce

Lehnwort in German. This combining process, technically known as compounding.

Eg: flowerpot

The combination of two separate forms to produce a single new term is also present in

the process called blending.

Eg: brunch

The element of reduction that is noticeable in blending is even more apparent in the

process described as clipping.

Eg: sam

A very specialized type of reduction process is known as backformation.

Eg: babysitter

A change in the function of a word, as for example when a noun comes to be used as a

verb (without any reduction), is generally known as conversion.

Eg: empty room

Acronyms are new words formed from the initial letters of a set of other words.

. Eg: NASA

In our list so far, we have not dealt with what is by far the most common word-

formation process to be found in the production of new English words. This process

is called derivation.

Eg: unhappy

Looking more closely at the preceding group of words, we can see that some affixes

have to be added to the beginning of the word (e.g. un-, mis-)

affixes have to be added to the end of the word (e.g. -less, -ish) and

are called suffixes

Eg: happiness

There is a third type of affix, not normally used in English, but found in some other

languages. This is called an infix.

Eg: singabloodypore

By

Shruthi. M

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1)Etymology : The study of the origin and historical development of words.

- The word “etymology” itself comes from the Greek word etymon, meaning "true sense," and logia, meaning "study."

2.coinage The invention of completely new words.

- Google (as a verb, meaning to search for something online).

3.Borrowing Taking words from other languages.

- The word “ballet” is borrowed from French.

4.Compounding -Combining two or more words to create a new word.

- Blackboard (from "black" and "board").

5.Blending Merging parts of two words to create a new word.

Brunch (from "breakfast" and "lunch").

6.clipping Shortening a longer word.

- Phone (from "telephone").

7.Backformation Creating a new word by removing a real or supposed affix from an existing word.

-Edit (from "editor").

8.Conversion -Changing a word’s grammatical category without altering its form.

- Text (noun) to text (verb, meaning to send a message).

9.Acronym : A word formed from the initial letters of a phrase, pronounced as a word.

- NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration).

10.Derivation Creating new words by adding affixes to a base word.

- Happiness (from the base word "happy" + the suffix "-ness").

11.Prefixes annd suffixes - Affixes added to the beginning (prefix) or end (suffix) of a word to change its meaning.

- Unhappy ("un-" is a prefix meaning "not"), wonderful ("-ful" is a suffix meaning "full of").

12 Infixes Affixes inserted within a word (rare in English).

- Abso-bloody-lutely (an example of informal/emphatic insertion).

These are all different processes through which new words enter a language.

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Etymology

Etymology refers to the study of the origin and history of words, including how their form and meaning have changed over time.

Example: The word "salary" comes from the Latin word "salarium

Coinage

Coinage refers to the creation or invention of a new word or phrase that did not previously exist in the language.

Example: Aspirin – Originally a brand name created by the German company Bayer, it is now a generic term for pain relief medication containing acetylsalicylic acid.

Borrowing

Borrowing refers to the process where one language takes words from another language and incorporates them into its own vocabulary.

Example:The English word "ballet" is borrowed from French

Compounding

Compounding is the process of combining two or more words to create a new word with a specific meaning.

Example:The word "toothbrush" is a compound word formed from "tooth" and "brush."

Blending

Blending is the process of combining parts of two or more words to create a new word. Typically, it takes the beginning of one word and merges it with the ending of another.

Example:The word "brunch" is a blend of "breakfast" and "lunch.

Clipping

Clipping is the process of shortening a longer word by removing one or more syllables, while retaining its meaning.

Example:The word "gym" is a clipped form of"gymnasium.

Backformation

Backformation is the process of creating a new word by removing an affix (such as a prefix or suffix) from an existing word, often changing its part of speech.

Example:The verb "edit" is a backformation from the noun "editor.

Conversion

Conversion (also called zero derivation) is the process of changing the grammatical category of a word without altering its form. Essentially, a word shifts from one part of speech to another.

Example:The word "email" can function both as a noun (e.g., I received an email) and a verb (e.g., I'll email you later).

Acronyms

Acronyms are words formed by taking the initial letters of a series of words and combining them to create a new, pronounceable word.

Example:"NASA" stands for National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

Derivation

Derivation is the process of creating a new word by adding a prefix or suffix to an existing word, thereby changing its meaning or grammatical category.

Example:The noun "happiness" is derived from the adjective "happy" by adding the suffix "-ness."

Kezhia

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Word formation processes

1) Etymology-

The study of the origin and history of a word

Ex. Greek (e ́tymon “original form” + logia “study of”)- etymology

2) Coinage- invention of totally new terms

Ex.nylon,Vaseline etc.

3) Borrowing-Taking over of words from other languages

Ex. English has borrowed "karma" from sanskrit

4)Compounding - joining of two separate words to produce a single form

Ex."tanglish" (Tamil+English)

5) Blending-

The combination of two separate forms to produce a single new term is also present in the process called blending. However, blending is typically accomplished by taking only the beginning of one word and joining it to the end of the other word

Brunch (breakfast + lunch)

6) Clipping-This occurs when a word of more than one syllable is reduced to a shorter form

Ex.net(internet)

7)

Anjana

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Coinage

- Definition: The invention of totally new terms.

- Example: "Google," originally a misspelling of "googol."

Eponyms

- Definition: New words based on the name of a person or place.

- Example: "Jeans," named after the Italian city of Genoa.

Borrowing

- Definition: The process of taking over words from other languages.

- Example: "Croissant" (from French).

Compounding

- Definition: Combining two separate words to produce a single form.

- Example: "Bookcase" (book + case).

Blending

- Definition: Combining the beginning of one word with the end of another.

- Example: "Smog" (smoke + fog).

Clipping

- Definition: Reducing a word of more than one syllable to a shorter form.

- Example: "Fax" (from "facsimile").

Backformation

- Definition: Creating a new word by removing an affix from an existing word.

- Example: "Televise" (from "television").

Conversion

- Definition: Changing the function of a word without altering its form.

- Example: "Chair" used as a verb (to chair a meeting).

Acronyms

- Definition: New words formed from the initial letters of a set of other words.

- Example: "NASA" (National Aeronautics and Space Administration).

Deriviation

- Definition: Forming new words by adding prefixes or suffixes.

- Example: "Unhappy" (prefix "un-" + "happy").Prefixes and Suffixes

- Definition: Affixes added to the beginning (prefixes) or end (suffixes) of a word to create new meanings.

- Example: "Mislead" (prefix "mis-").

Infixes

- Definition: Affixes inserted within a word, not commonly used in English but found in some other languages.

- Example: "Absogoddamlutely" (where "goddam" is infixed).

Steve Snehan

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1.Derivation:

- Definition: Creating new words by adding prefixes or suffixes to existing words.

- Examples:

- Prefix: "Unhappy" (from "happy" + "un-")

- Suffix: "Happiness" (from "happy" + "-ness")

2. Compounding:

- Definition: Combining two or more words to form a new word.

- Examples:

- "Toothbrush" (from "tooth" + "brush")

- "Sunflower" (from "sun" + "flower")

3. Blending:

- Definition: Merging parts of two words to create new one.

- Examples:

- "Brunch" (from "breakfast" + "lunch")

- "Smog" (from "smoke" + "fog")

4. Acronyms and Initialisms:

- Definition: Creating words from the initial letters of a phrase.

- Examples:

- Acronym: "NASA" (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)

5. Clipping:

- Definition: Shortening a longer word.

- Examples:

- "Ad" (from "advertisement")

- "Gym" (from "gymnasium")

6. Back-Formation:

- Definition: Creating a new word by removing actual or supposed affixes.

- Examples:

- "Edit" (from "editor")

- "Laze" (from "lazy")

7. Conversion:

- Definition: Changing the word class of an existing word without altering its form.

- Examples

- "Run" (as a verb) and "run" (as a noun)

- "Google" (as a verb from the brand name "Google")

8 . Borrowing

-Borrowing is a process of word formation where one language adopts words from another language.

- Example :

-Ballet": Originally French, it refers to a type of dance.

9. Coinage

-Coinage refers to the process of creating entirely new words or terms that did not previously exist in the language

- Example:

-Originally a brand name for a search engine, "Google" has become a verb meaning to search for information online using a search engine.

10 . Etymology

- Etymology is the study of the origin and historical development of words. It examines how words have changed in form and meaning over time, including their roots, derivations, and transformations.

- Example :

- From the Greek word etymologia, which combines *etymon* (true sense) and *-logia* (study). It literally means "the study of the true sense (of words).

Neruthi Rajan.R

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Process of word formation

1. Derivation: Adding prefixes or suffixes to base words to form new words.

- Example: Happy → Unhappy, Teach → Teacher

2. Compounding: Combining two or more words to form a new word.

- Example: Notebook (Note + Book), Sunflower (Sun + Flower)

3. Conversion (Zero Derivation): Changing the word class (e.g., noun to verb) without altering the word's form.

- Example: Email (noun) → Email (verb), Water (noun) → Water (verb)

4. Clipping: Shortening a longer word by removing parts of it.

- Example: Gym (from Gymnasium), Exam (from Examination)

5. Blending: Merging parts of two words to create a new one.

- Example: Brunch (Breakfast + Lunch), Motel (Motor + Hotel)

6. Acronyms and Initialisms: Creating words from the initial letters of a phrase.

- Acronyms: NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)

- Initialisms: FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation)

7. Back-formation: Creating a new word by removing a perceived affix.

- Example: Editor → Edit, Donation → Donate

8. Reduplication: Forming a word by repeating all or part of a word.

- Example: Criss-cross, Bye-bye

9. Borrowing: Taking words from other languages and incorporating them into English.

- Example: Ballet (from French), Karaoke (from Japanese).

~Deepa

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Entomology

Etymology is the study of the origin and historical development of words.

"Hospital" comes from the Latin hospes, meaning "guest" or "host," and evolved through Old French hospital before becoming the modern English term for a medical institution.

Prefixes and Suffixes:

- Prefixes are added to the beginning of a word (e.g., un- in unhappy).

- Suffixes are added to the end of a word (e.g., -ness in happiness).

Compounding:

- Combining two or more words to form a new word (e.g., toothbrush from tooth and brush).

Conversion:

- Changing the word class without altering its form (e.g., run (verb) to a run (noun)).

Blending:

- Merging parts of two words (e.g., brunch from breakfast and lunch).

Acronyms

- Forming a word from the initial letters of a phrase (e.g., NASA from National Aeronautics and Space Administration).

Abbreviation:

- Shortening a word or phrase (e.g., Dr. for Doctor).

Back-formation:

- Creating a new word by removing a suffix or prefix from an existing word (e.g., editor to edit).

Clipping:

- Shortening a longer word (e.g., influenza to flu).

Derivation:

- Forming new words by adding affixes to a base word (e.g., happy to happiness)

COINAGE

Coinage is the process of creating a completely new word or term. This process typically involves inventing a word that did not previously exist in the language. For example:

Google: Originally a brand name, it has become a verb meaning to search for information online.

-Ken