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Juxtaposition is a literary and artistic device that involves placing two or more elements side by side to highlight their differences, similarities, or to create an interesting contrast. This technique is often used to enhance the meaning of a narrative, evoke emotions, or provoke thought by allowing the audience to compare and contrast the elements directly.

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Hot & Cold

Sad & Happy

Sun & Rain

Tall & Short

Life & Death

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 refers to a figure of speech that compares two different things using the words "like" or "as." It is used to create vivid imagery and make descriptions more expressive by highlighting similarities between the two elements being compared.

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"My sister works as slow as a turtle"

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The concept of a metaphor is a fundamental element in both literature and everyday language. A metaphor is a figure of speech that involves an implicit comparison between two unlike things, suggesting that one thing is another, thereby highlighting a particular quality or aspect of the first thing. This comparison is not meant to be taken literally but is used to create a more vivid or meaningful description.

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"As smooth as silk"

"She's as cold as ice"

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The definition of mood in the context of an author's book refers to the emotional side that the writer of the book creates for a reader. The mood is conveyed from a choice of words that the writer creates or that the writer of the book feels. This can bring about feelings such as happiness, sadness, suspense, among many other emotions.

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"My parents fought" (Sad)

"Miguel seems to be meditating" (Happy)

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The concept of FLASHBACK
A flashback is a narrative technique used in literature, film, and other storytelling mediums where the chronological sequence of events is interrupted to revisit an earlier time. This technique allows the audience to gain insight into a character's background, motivations, or the context of the current events. Flashbacks can provide essential information that helps to deepen the understanding of the story and its characters.

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"The novel opens with Gene Forrester returning to his high school, Devon High School, 15 years after graduating. He is there to visit two specific sites, a tree and a set of marble stairs. These two places are pivotal moments in later events, revealing their importance"

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Foreshadowing is a literary device used by authors to give an indication or hint of what is to come later in the story. It often builds anticipation in the reader, creating suspense or preparing them for future events. This technique can be subtle, using symbolic elements, dialogue, or events that seem insignificant at first but gain importance as the story unfolds.

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"Each example of foreshadowing is centered around a particular character"

"This mortal life is 'a foreshadowing' of eternal life"

"Have your students find instances of foreshadowing in the book"

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Irony is a literary and rhetorical device where there is a discrepancy between expectations and reality. It often involves saying one thing but meaning another, or when the outcome of a situation is contrary to what was expected. Irony can be used to add humor, emphasize a point, or provoke thought.

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"The conclusion between the two main opponents in The Night Circus contains a great deal of situational irony"

"Your dog eats his dog training obedience certificate"

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Imagery is a literary device that uses vivid and descriptive language to create sensory experiences for the reader. It involves the use of figurative language, including metaphors, similes, and personification, to paint pictures in the reader's mind. Imagery appeals to the five senses sight, sound, smell, taste, and touch to help the reader visualize scenes, hear sounds, smell scents, taste flavors, and feel textures.

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"In fact, for some, activism is in the imagery itself"

"He uses the imagery of a woman giving birth"

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Personification is a literary device where human qualities, emotions, or actions are attributed to non-human entities, such as animals, objects, or abstract concepts. This technique is used to create vivid imagery and to help readers relate to non-human elements by giving them human-like characteristics.

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For example, in the sentence "The wind whispered through the trees," the wind is given the human ability to whisper, which helps create a more engaging and imaginative description of the scene.

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The concept of hyperbole refers to a figure of speech that involves exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally. It is often used for emphasis or to create a strong impression. Hyperbole is a common rhetorical device in both literature and everyday language, where it serves to convey emotions or highlight the intensity of a situation.

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"This homework is going to take years"

"I'm so confused my head is spinning"

"This is the worst dessert in the world"

"I could eat a whole cow"

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Satire is a literary genre or form that uses humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to criticize or expose the flaws, vices, and shortcomings of individuals, society, or institutions. The primary aim of satire is often to provoke thought, entertain, and encourage change or reform by highlighting the absurdity or hypocrisy of the subject being satiriz.

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"Gulliver's Travels"

"Animal Farm"

"The Daily Show"

"The Onion"

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Zoomorphism is a literary and artistic concept where animal characteristics are attributed to humans, gods, or inanimate objects. This technique is often used to create vivid imagery, convey particular traits, or explore themes of transformation and identity. Zoomorphism can be found in various cultural myths, religious texts, and modern literature, where it serves to blur the lines between human and animal, often highlighting the primal or instinctual aspects of human nature.

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"Mythology and religion"

"Literature"

"Art"

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refers to the attitude or emotional quality conveyed by a speaker, writer, or piece of art. It is the way in which the creator expresses their feelings or perspective towards the subject matter or audience. Tone can be identified through word choice, sentence structure, and stylistic elements, and it plays a crucial role in shaping the reader's or viewer's understanding and emotional response.

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"Formal tone"

"Informal tone"

"Optimistic tone"

"Pessimistic tone"

"Sarcastic tone"

"Cheerful tone"

"Melancholic tone"