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Free speech is essential to fostering intellectual activity and open debate in places of higher education . . .

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Academic Freedom is Essential for Learning . . .

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Academic Freedom is Essential for Learning . . .

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Universities and places of higher education truly exist to provide a space where students can foster curiosity and intellectual debate, to be able to do so students have to be able to exchange different and new views to one another.

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In the article Carter says that "true learning can only happen on campuses where academic freedom is paramount". Which delves into the idea that restricting speech restricts students ability to think critically and challenge their views and the views of others.

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Engaging With Controversial Ideas, is Beneficial . . .

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Engaging With Controversial Ideas, is Beneficial . . .

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Rather than silencing offensive or unpopular ideas, debating them requires students to develop well reasoned arguments and strengthen their own ideas. Within the articles Carter looks back on his debate with William Shockley, stating that researching to debunk bad arguments made him a better thinker, and deepened his level of learning through free speech.

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Without restrictions on academic freedom and the freedom of speech in places of higher education students feel intimidated to express their own opinions. Many students feel pressured to retain their opinions due to fear of backlash, and possibly getting "cancelled", this intimidation limits academic discussion.

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In the article Carter cites surveys displaying that students self-censor primarily to avoid criticism and backlash from their peers on their opinions, which makes universities out to be a place of conformity rather than reassurance.

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Students Should Be Challenged Not Shielded . . .

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Students Should Be Challenged Not Shielded . . .

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Education and higher education specifically is about is about growth emotionally, mentally , and intellectually, and to achieve growth in those specific areas students must encounter difficult ideas in order to jumpstart that process.

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Students Should Be Challenged Support . . .

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Students Should Be Challenged Support . . .

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The author argues that "The college classroom should not be a place of comfort," which goes into what was mentioned before that protecting students from controversial speech ultimately weakens their ability to engage in complex discussions.

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Regulating Speech Leads to Inconsistencies . . .

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Regulating Speech Leads to Inconsistencies . . .

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Since many universities and places of higher education enforce such vague speech policies, it leads to students imposing subjective enforcement on their own academic freedom. Carter emphasizes cases where students were punished for seemingly harmless actions, such as passing out copies of the Constitution, which really brings to light how unclear rules can restrict academic freedom and speech unfairly.

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Freedom of Speech Still Has Consequences . . .

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Freedom of Speech Still Has Consequences . . .

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While students have many rights that fall under academic freedom including the right and freedom of speech, and have a right to express themselves, universities have a responsibility to ensure that the freedom of speech doesn't get taken advantage of. They must ensure that students don't say things that could discriminate or harm others.

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In the article Carter criticizes the students and general people that disrupt education and harm others through the misuse of the freedom of speech, he also argues that students should face the consequences of those unmindful actions if they interfere in the education of others.

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Unrestricted Speech May Spread Misinformation 

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Unrestricted Speech May Spread Misinformation 

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Allowing all speech without careful inspection enables the ability for uncredible people to spread false or misleading information. Carter notes that students tend to nit pick and "select facts from sources that share their predilections," which illustrates how free speech can reinforce a specific persons biases rather than represent the true demeanor of the actual text.

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Certain Speech Undermines Academic Integrity

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Certain Speech Undermines Academic Integrity

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In certain scenarios speech can be used to attack or exclude individuals rather than engage an entire audience in a debate or discussion. In those specific scenarios that speech violates academic integrity and much of universal speech codes. Not only does it violate academic integrity but it also diminishes the purpose of an educational debate.

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Within the article the author cites an incident that took place between William Shockley and a student of his who happened to Nigerian. Shockley told this students that he didn't belong in a class, and Carter argued that such speech that crosses a line and leads to discrimination and exclusion should be restricted.

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Limits On Speech are Necessary to Maintain Respect

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Limits On Speech are Necessary to Maintain Respect

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Although open debate is important, certain topics that can be found offensive or harmful to a particular group of people should be approached with caution. This is to ensure not only a productive discussion but an unoffensive one as well.

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Necessity to Maintain Respect Support . . .

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Necessity to Maintain Respect Support . . .

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Within the article Carter states that "There will of necessity always be a palisade marking the boundary line of a civilized conversation." This means while many people cannot differentiate where that line is crossed and maintained it is important to know that completely unrestricted speech can degrade a course rather than enhance it.

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Universities and places of higher education should prevent speech that prevents others from learning or participating. Carter supports the punishment of students who disrupt class or prevents speaker from being heard. He argues that free speech should be protected but not at the expense of academic order.

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College Is All About Curiosity Reflection_ Maya Khattab