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*In the 1950s, Central American commercial banana growers

were facing the death of their most lucrative product.

*In an attempt to escape the fungus, farmers abandoned

infected fields.

*the risk is that another strain of the

disease may rise up to threaten the modified plants too.

Words: fungus, farmers, growing, spread, modified, genetically, export, success, cloned.

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Main ideas:

1. In the 1950s, Central American banana growers switched from Gros Michel to Cavendish due to Fusarium oxysporum

2. ⁠Despite initial resistance, Cavendish is now threatened by TR-4 and adverse weather, causing a significant drop in Southeast Asian exports.

3. ⁠Latin America’s heavy reliance on Cavendish monoculture poses a major risk if the fungus spreads, prompting scientists to genetically modify bananas.

Keywords:

1. Gros Michel

2. ⁠Fusarium oxysporum cubense

3. ⁠Cavendish

4. ⁠TR-4

5. ⁠Monoculture

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1. Intensive farming and crop uniformity left Gros Michel bananas vulnerable to the Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense fungus, highlighting monoculture risks.

2. The fungus's impact caused major economic and environmental harm, prompting extreme measures like deforestation to find new cultivation spots.

3. The Cavendish banana, resistant to the fungus, replaced Gros Michel, despite shipping challenges, revolutionizing banana production.

1. Economic impact.

2. Intensive farming.

3. Cavendish banana.

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It cloned shoots from the stems of plants instead of growing plant from seeds.

The fungus was resistant to crop sprays and travelled around on boots, slowly infecting plantation across the region.

Researchers at the Queensland University have successfully grown two kinds of modified plants which have remained resistant for three years so far

1. Shoots

2. Stems

3. Roots

4. Fungus

5. Monoculture

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Gineth caballero, Camila Borda & Nicolás Aguilera 

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Gineth caballero, Camila Borda & Nicolás Aguilera 

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1. The production and the income received form different countries could be affected for doing experiment with the product.

2. The conditions of the fungus are appropriated, however this type of fungus does not help to all of the plantation.

3. The plantation of modified Cavendish monocultures is a good strategy for saving the entire production.

Key words

1. Cavendish

2. Fungus

3. Plantation

4. Michel Banana

5. Greenhouse

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There were two types of fungus.

There were failures in trade.

The fungus was modified by Queensland University.

KEYWORDS

Resistant

Bananas

Infections

Shoots

Lucrative product

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1. Cultivation

2. Bananas

3. Grown up

4. Plantation

5. Weather

1. United Fruit, the main grower and exporter in South America at 1950.

2. oxysporum cubense,attacks the plant’s roots and prevents it from transporting water to the stem and leaves.

3. In 2014, South East Asia, another major banana producer, exported four million tons of Cavendish bananas.

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Main ideas:

The process that have plantations of bananas in Central America

The bankruptcy filling plantations with thousands of new plants

Solving the problem genetically modifying the genes from TR-4 resistant banana species

Keywords

Growing

Produced

Infecting

Species

Rainforest

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1. Huge extention of the most lucrative product of the Gros Michel Banana almost it ends in ruin due to the accumulation of fungi and diseases that almost destroy its cultivation.

2. When South America produces more bananas, they apply another methods such as cloned shoots and put the environment adapting to their production back

3. In Latinoamérica was a totally successful on banana's production, but in South East Asia has a competition development on banana's exporting

• Cultivation, modify, monocultures, exporting, lucrative.

Marya and Daphne

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Three ideas1. South American is the most productive in bananas 2. The banana plantations were affecting the mushroom crops so they looked for another strategy and found cavendish3. Many times practices in South Africa cannot economically maintain methods to generate laboratories to clone plants, that is why they are not very strict in the cleaning equipment they use in these plantationsStrainDenselyStemTrucks FloodedCepaDensamenteVástagoCamiones Inundado

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Three ideas1. South American is the most productive in bananas 2. The banana plantations were affecting the mushroom crops so they looked for another strategy and found cavendish3. Many times practices in South Africa cannot economically maintain methods to generate laboratories to clone plants, that is why they are not very strict in the cleaning equipment they use in these plantationsStrainDenselyStemTrucks FloodedCepaDensamenteVástagoCamiones Inundado

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-angelly Gamez

Nicol Cardenas

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Main ideas:

The challenge of transforming the banana's vulnerability to Fungus into an strength.

The stealthy spreading of the TR-1 fungus through trucks' tires and boots and how it affected plantations in farms.

An alternative for the loss of Big Mike's bananas plantations, the Cavendish Banana, which was resistant to the TR-1 Fungus.

Key words:

Disease

Fungus

Bananas

Genetic modification

Plantations

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1. When they were invaded by the fungus, they cut down the rainforest to be able to grow it again, but it didn't work, so they looked for another banana that the fungus didn't affect and they found the Cavendish.

2. In 2015, cavendish exports had fallen 46 percent thanks to a combination of another strain of the fungus, TR-4, and bad weather.

3. Scientists are currently trying to genetically modify the Cavendish.

with resistant genes but some experts

They think it is a temporary solution, like the original Cavendish was, the risk is that another strain will also affect the modified plants.

Words: Thrived, flooded, fungus

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Daniel pena, Karol Herrera and Nicol Rodriguez 

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Daniel pena, Karol Herrera and Nicol Rodriguez 

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Modificate strain to protect from infections .

The gross michalle banana plant dominated thé plantations of central America

Thé farmers abandoned infected fields

With ots easily transported thick-skinned and sweet-tasting

Key-words

Roots

Fungus fusarium

Cavendish banana

Résistant