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Em 2018, a H&M enfrentou intensa reação pública e censura após lançar online a foto de um menino negro vestindo um moletom com a inscrição "O macaco mais legal da selva". Acusada de racismo, a empresa se desculpou e retirou a propaganda, mas o estrago à sua imagem já estava feito. Este caso reforça a necessidade de uma análise cuidadosa e sensível dos conteúdos de marketing, especialmente no que tange à diversidade e representatividade.

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Hoodies & Sweatshirts For Men | Oversized & Graphic | H&M US

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Step up your casual look with our men's sweatshirts and hoodies. Discover comfy crew-neck styles and graphic printed hoodies, with and without zips at H&M

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Dove enfrentou críticas severas em 2017 por um anúncio que parecia sugerir que a pele negra poderia ser lavada até ficar branca. Embora a Dove tenha se desculpado, afirmando que a mensagem foi mal interpretada, o incidente destaca como mensagens visuais podem ser interpretadas de maneira diversa e os riscos de interpretações negativas. É crucial considerar todas as possíveis leituras de uma peça publicitária para prevenir mal-entendidos culturais e seguir princípios éticos.

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Learn more about Dove campaigns here and watch your favorite videos from Real Beauty Sketches to Choose Beautiful.

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A Pepsi retirou um anúncio em 2017 depois que foi acusado de minimizar a importância dos protestos contra a violência policial e as injustiças raciais. No comercial, Kendall Jenner oferecia uma lata de Pepsi a um policial durante um protesto, sugerindo uma simplificação otimista da resolução de conflitos sociais. Este caso demonstra a importância de entender o cenário social e político ao criar publicidade, evitando a banalização de lutas sociais.

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Abstract

This case study examines U.S.-based multinational food and beverage company PepsiCo's protest-themed commercial for its carbonated soft drink Pepsi® and the consequent decline in millennial purchase consideration and brand perception. Pepsi®'s campaign - titled "Live for Now - Moments" - was launched on April 4, 2017, in the ambitious attempt to showcase Pepsi® as a millennial-friendly brand with a socially relevant and unifying message. The ad showed 21-year-old supermodel Kendall Jenner partaking in a photo shoot and then "jumping in" with protestors marching along the road. In the end, Jenner approaches a cop with a can of Pepsi® soda. Due to crushing condemnation from critics and social media users claiming that the ad was co-opting protest movements - such as Black Lives Matter - for commercial gain, Pepsi® had to pull the advertisement off the air and off the internet less than 48 hours after the initial release. This case analyzes several gaps in Pepsi®'s marketing efforts over the course of the creation of the spot and throughout the aftermath. It explains how the company failed to research and communicate while attempting to promote the brand. The case explores the steps taken by Pepsi® before and after the major PR crisis that may or may not have damaged the globally-recognized brand forever.

Introduction

U.S.-based multinational food and beverage company PepsiCo. Inc. (PepsiCo) launched a campaign titled "Live for Now - Moments" in April 2017, playing off an existing "Live for Now" campaign the company created in 2012. This campaign included an ad - "'Jump In' Pepsi Moments" - and this ad's purpose was initially to reach millennials and "to project a global message of unity, peace, and understanding," per a PepsiCo statement. The advertisement featured a staged protest full of hired actors, including 21-year-old supermodel Kendall Jenner (Jenner). Many people criticized the ad for its insensitive approach and for what some viewers found to be improper execution of the desired message. During the ad, Jenner joins the protest and eventually approaches a cop, who is standing guard over the protestors, with a can of Pepsi. He takes a sip.

Critics immediately began condemning PepsiCo and the advertisement on social media: Entertainment Weekly called it "a tone-deaf attempt to co-opt a movement of political resistance" to increase sales. Many Twitter users expressed concern and disgust following the ad's release, claiming that it trivialized real-life protests where several people lost their lives fighting for an actual cause. Some users hated that Pepsi® made itself look like the cure for all social problems. One sarcastically remarked, "i get it now. if black lives matter protesters would've handed a pepsi to the cops they wouldnt of gotten tear gassed. it's so clear now." In addition, many angry tweets were directed towards the fact that Jenner was cast: Because the ad seemed to pertain to the Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement, the casting of Jenner seemed misguided. "The Kendall Jenner Pepsi fiasco is a perfect example of what happens when there's no black people in the room when decisions are being made," one user claimed.

This case study examines extensive public and media response to PepsiCo's "Moments" campaign, as well as PepsiCo's intentions and responses before the release of the ad and in the aftermath. The main issue is PepsiCo's decision-making throughout the duration of the crisis and the thoughtlessness during the political climate existing at the time of release. Despite negative feedback and nine months of the lowest perception levels the company had seen in over eight years, PepsiCo remains the same global food and beverage leader it has been for decades.

About PepsiCo

From the website: "PepsiCo is one of the world's leading food and beverage companies with over $63 billion in net revenue in 2017 and a global portfolio of diverse and beloved brands." PepsiCo was established in 1965 with the merger of the Pepsi-Cola Company and Frito-Lay, Inc. Caleb Bradham first developed a recipe for the cola drink in North Carolina in 1880. When the drink took off, Bradham established the Pepsi-Cola company in 1902. This company later became PepsiCo Inc. following the 1965 merger. PepsiCo owns several well-known global brands: Pepsi, Lay's, Tropicana, Gatorade, Quaker, etc. These products are sold in more than 200 countries and territories around the world. Pepsi® is one of the world's most iconic and globally recognized consumer brands. The Pepsi® portfolio includes Pepsi®, Diet Pepsi®, and Pepsi® MAX - each one generates more than $1 billion in annual retail sales.

The PepsiCo® Mission

The PepsiCo® Vision

The "Live for Now - Moments" Press Release

Playing off an earlier campaign titled "Live for Now" in 2012, Pepsi® celebrated life's "Live for Now" moments over the course of 2017. This 2017 press release announced the release of the ad starring Jenner:

"Throughout 2017, Pepsi® is celebrating life's "Live for Now" moments. Moments when we decide to let go, choose to act, follow our passion and nothing holds us back. "Jump In," a short film that depicts these moments and stars Kendall Jenner, captures the spirit and actions of those people that jump into every moment. It features multiple lives, stories and emotional connections that show passion, joy, unbound and uninhibited moments. No matter the occasion, big or small, these are the moments that make us feel alive.

The "Jump In" Pepsi® Moments film takes a more progressive approach to truly reflect today's generation and what living for now looks like. Kendall is the latest in an impactful line-up of global icons to work with Pepsi® and she exemplifies owning "Live for Now" moments.

The commercial features music from a voice of today's generation, the artist behind "Lions"- Skip Marley (Island Records).

The creative, which will be seen globally across TV and digital, was produced by PepsiCo's in-house content creation arm, Creators League Studio. It showcases elements of the Pepsi® disruptive design program that combines icons with expressive typography to capture the moments that ignite action. Moments iconography will be across packaging, out of home and in-store for the full Pepsi® trademark of blue, black and silver offerings."

Contributor Statements

Attached to the press release are two statements: one from Kendall Jenner, the star of the video, and another from Skip Marley, whose song "Lions" plays throughout the duration of the ad. Jenner states:

"I am thrilled to join the legendary roster of icons who have represented their generations and worked with Pepsi®. To me, Pepsi® is more than just a beverage - it registers as a pop culture icon & a lifestyle that shares a voice with the generation of today. The spirit of Pepsi® - living in the 'now' moment - is one that I believe in. I make a conscious effort in my everyday life and travels to enjoy every experience of today."

Skip Marley agrees:

The Ad

Pepsi® clearly believed their in-house marketing team - Creators League Studio, a brand-new in-house content creation arm - had put together something beautiful and socially responsible; something that all people could rally around, believe in, agree with, and that would make everyone want to go out and buy a Pepsi®. PepsiCo's initial plan: to use the "Jump In" ad globally, via TV and digital.

The spot opens with Jenner posing as a supermodel in a blond wig and silver dress. Meanwhile, diverse crowds of millennials flood the streets outside the studio with signs reading "love" and "join the conversation" and with fists raised high. A Pepsi®-sipping musician is the first to drop what he's doing and join in with the protest, a headscarf-clad photographer joins in next, and finally Jenner herself, after removing her wig and fancy clothes and even smearing her makeup. The ad culminates with Jenner boldly stepping forward from the protest and offering a police officer a Pepsi®, which he pops and sips, much to the excitement of the protestors.

"Live bolder, live louder, live for now," the ad concludes.

The Backlash

Backlash immediately followed the April 4, 2017 release of "Jump In." There were many things that made people uncomfortable after viewing the advertisement, and articles, tweets, and reviews began surfacing instantaneously.

Most tweets sarcastically and satirically focused on general dislike and uneasiness associated with the themes and cast, but some went as far as to compare real-life protest scenes to scenes depicted in the spot.

The story of Ieshia Evans in Baton Rouge is not a directed ad with a paid cast. Evans was one of the 102 protesters arrested in Baton Rouge in July 2016, along with the prominent activist DeRay Mckesson, who were detained on charges of obstructing the highway. The protest emerged in response to the police shootings in Minnesota and Louisiana. Jonathan Bachman, a New Orleans-based freelancer, took the above photograph included in Figure 6 and told the BBC that Evans broke away from protesters and stood in front of the officers. A quote from Bachman:

He said Evans was arrested shortly after. The photo Bachman captured drew comparisons to other historic images, such those showing the Tiananmen Square protests in 1989. Many viewers of the Pepsi ad also compared Jenner's Pepsi offering to the famous "Tank Man" photo.

One main issue critics had with PepsiCo and the "Jump In" spot was the lack of market research so clearly depicted in the final video. A headline from Marketing Week three days after the initial release stated:

"Pepsi®'s ad failure shows the importance of diversity and market research: The backlash over the Kendall Jenner ad shows marketers need an outside perspective, whether from an ad agency or by conducting thorough market research and reaching out to consumers." Twitter users agreed.

At the Cannes Lions Festival in 2017, PepsiCo president Brad Jakeman enthusiastically talked up the decision to form Creators League Studio, a brand-new in-house content creation arm.

He announced: "Instead of five pieces of content a year, a brand like Pepsi® needs about 5,000 pieces of content a year. Instead of taking six months to develop an ad, we have six hours or six days. And instead of it costing $2m, it needs to cost $20,000." According to Marketing Week, Jakeman explained that PepsiCo was fed up with the money, time and structure that goes into working with ad agencies. "There is no infrastructure to advertisers to be able to quickly produce that content. You have to patch it together. Certainly, the traditional agencies can't do it."

Andy Nairn, the founder of independent U.K. creative agency Lucky General, spoke with Marketing Week about PepsiCo's predicament. "Look, I own an ad agency so I'm sure people will say I have a vested interest here, but what happened at Pepsi® clearly shows the dangers of not having an external perspective," he tells Marketing Week. Nairn believes Jakeman's comments at Cannes suggests that PepsiCo's in-house marketing team may have worked too quickly on the Jenner campaign and failed to properly vet it for controversy. Nairn adds:

Marketing Week, in a partnership with One Poll's consumer survey, conducted a poll of 754 marketing professionals. The survey revealed that nearly half (42%) of marketers believe that the brands they work for are failing to reflect a modern, racially-diverse humanity in their marketing and advertising. Nairn goes on to say:

"Even if an in-house agency is filled with people of colour then they will still likely become so wedded to the brand, and see things through the lens of the brand, that they fail to spot tone or how the outside world perceives their brand. Diversity is a broader issue. We talk a lot about drinking the cool aid but Pepsi® is an example of an organization drinking too much of its own fizzy liquid."

Kendall Jenner

PR News responded to the controversial ad two days after the initial release. The source expanded on the idea that PepsiCo chose the wrong spokesperson for their message and corporate social responsibility. Although it is obviously considered a coup to recruit a famous face to associate with your brand in most instances, it is extremely important that it is an appropriate, relevant person in relation to the core significance of the specific campaign. Although Jenner is a massive presence - one of the top 10 most-followed people on Instagram - she is not known for activism or speaking out on any social issues. In a different context or scenario, Jenner may have proved a fine choice of heroine, but in this particular campaign, according to PR News, she was the wrong choice.

Twitter users agreed.

PepsiCo's Response

Adweek published an article - the same day Pepsi® published the ad - claiming that Pepsi®, in a statement, stood by the commercial. Pepsi® explained: "This is a global ad that reflects people from different walks of life coming together in a spirit of harmony, and we think that's an important message to convey." They felt it embodied their social corporate responsibility. As the aforementioned press release from Pepsi® states: "The 'Jump In' Pepsi® Moments film takes a more progressive approach to truly reflect today's generation and what living for now looks like." There was never mention of Black Lives Matter or other current movements from PepsiCo.

In another statement to Teen Vogue, Pepsi® is quoted:

The following day, PepsiCo finally released a short press release on their website that reads:

The message was also posted on Pepsi®'s twitter page.

The ad was promptly removed from circulation and anywhere on the internet that it had been posted by the company. Per NBC News, the brand also responded to one particular tweet by Bernice King, the youngest daughter of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. She posted an image of her father mid peaceful protest with the caption: "If only Daddy would have known about the power of #Pepsi."

Pepsi® responded directly to King through the caption of their initial apology tweet, "We at Pepsi believe in the legacy of Dr. King & meant absolutely no disrespect to him & others who fight for justice."

Kendall Jenner's Response

Jenner's unofficial response came over eight months later during the season 14 premiere of Keeping Up with the Kardashians, the reality television show featuring Jenner's family. Without mentioning Pepsi® by name, Jenner spoke out on the show: "I trusted everyone. I trusted the teams. But after I saw the reaction and I read what people had to say about it, I most definitely saw what went wrong. I was so stuck, and I really didn't know what to do, that I completely shut down."

The reality-star-turned-model broke down in tears while referring to how the ad offended many viewers.

Jenner's older sister, Kim Kardashian West, spoke on her behalf in an interview with The Hollywood Reporter over the summer in 2017.

"We're not perfect, but you see these things in the media, like Kendall and her Pepsi® ad, where I see her at home crying. In the media she looks another way because she's not addressing it. I'm just like, 'This is wrong. You need to speak up'. She was like, 'I don't ever want to show that footage of me crying.' She was trying to not make excuses or be dramatic, but that was what she was going through at the time."

Fellow model Ashley Graham offered her insight on the matter on the U.S. talk show Watch What Happens with Andy Cohen in June 2017. "I think my team probably would have nipped it in the bud before anything happened," Graham said. "I was very surprised that nobody said, 'Hey, this looks like a bad idea right here.'"

The Aftermath

One year following the controversial release, PepsiCo and Pepsi®'s brand perception among millennials and younger generations has made an unusual recovery. However, according to YouGov BrandIndex, this recovery came after nine months of the lowest perception levels Pepsi has seen in over eight years. In addition, younger consumer's consideration of purchasing a Pepsi remains currently at its lowest level in three years.

These consumer perception scores were measured with YouGov BrandIndex's Buzz Score, which asks respondents: "If you've heard anything about the brand in the last two weeks, through advertising, news, or word of mouth, was it positive or negative?"

Although the perception recovery is something not frequently seen after a PR crisis of this magnitude, long-time Purchase Consideration with millennials - a key metric of potential sales revenue - stays at an all-time low. Since 2014, that metric fell from 33% of millennials considering buying a Pepsi the next time they purchased a beverage to the current state of 23%.

This plunge is clearly directly related to the Jenner ad, which brought Pepsi®'s Purchase Consideration score with millennials down from 27% to 24% from early April to mid-July 2017. During football season in November 2017, the number climbed back to 29% after a limited-edition cinnamon-flavored spicy soda was released. After November, however, the numbers trailed back down to 23%, the lowest they've read since April 2015.

The Future

Although PepsiCo made unimaginable strides post-controversy, on August 6 th, 2018, after 12 years of chief executive, Indra K. Nooyi announced she was stepping down from her position and handing the reins elsewhere. As PepsiCo transitions under new leadership, it is hard to know how the brand will fare in the competitive future of the food and beverage industry.

-Written by Lily Tillman

References

1. "About." PepsiCo, PepsiCo, www.pepsico.com/About.

2. "Pepsi® Debuts 'Moments' Campaign Starring Kendall Jenner." Wall Street Online, PR Newswire, 4 Apr. 2017, www.wallstreet-online.de/nachricht/9460205-pepsi-debuts-moments-campaign-starring-kendall-jenner.

3. Hobbs, Thomas, et al. "Pepsi's Ad Failure Shows the Importance of Diversity and Market Research." Marketing Week, 28 July 2017, www.marketingweek.com/2017/04/07/pepsi-scandal-prove-lack-diversity-house-work-flawed/.

4. Sidahmed, Mazin. "'She Was Making Her Stand': Image of Baton Rouge Protester an Instant Classic." The Guardian, Guardian News and Media, 11 July 2016, www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/jul/11/baton-rouge-protester-photo-iesha-evans.

5. Wright, Ian James. "3 Lessons Brands Should Learn from Pepsi's Kendall Jenner Ad Disaster." PR News, PR News, 10 Apr. 2017, www.prnewsonline.com/pepsi-ad-kendall.

6. Monllos, Kristina. "Pepsi's Tone-Deaf Kendall Jenner Ad Co-Opting the Resistance Is Getting Clobbered in Social." Adweek, Adweek, 5 Apr. 2017, www.adweek.com/brand-marketing/pepsis-tone-deaf-kendall-jenner-ad-co-opting-the-resistance-is-getting-clobbered-in-social/.

7. "Pepsi Statement Re: Pepsi Moments Content." PepsiCo, PepsiCo, 5 Apr. 2017, www.pepsico.com/live/pressrelease/pepsi-statement-re-pepsi-moments-content04052017.

8. Smith, Alexander. "'We Missed the Mark': Pepsi Pulls Ad Featuring Kendall Jenner after Controversy." com, NBCUniversal News Group, 5 Apr. 2017, www.nbcnews.com/news/nbcblk/pepsi-ad-kendall-jenner-echoes-black-lives-matter-sparks-anger-n742811.

9. Lang, Cady. "Kendall Jenner Cries While Addressing Pepsi Ad Backlash." Time, Time, 2 Oct. 2017, time.com/4965293/kendall-jenner-cries-addresses-pepsi-ad-backlash/.

10. Newbold, Alice. "Kendall Responds to Pepsi Ad Criticism." Vogue, British Vogue, 4 Sept. 2017, www.vogue.co.uk/article/kendall-jenner-responds-to-pepsi-ad.

11. Marzilli, Ted. "One Year after Jenner Ad Crisis, Pepsi Recovers but Purchase Consideration Hasn't." YouGov, YouGov, 17 Apr. 2018, today.yougov.com/topics/food/articles-reports/2018/04/17/one-year-after-jenner-ad-crisis-pepsi-recovers.

12. Creswell, Julie. "Indra Nooyi, PepsiCo C.E.O. Who Pushed for Healthier Products, to Step Down." The New York Times, The New York Times, 6 Aug. 2018, www.nytimes.com/2018/08/06/business/indra-nooyi-pepsi.html.

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Case Study: PepsiCo & Kendall Jenner's Controversial Commercial

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This case study examines U.S.-based multinational food and beverage company PepsiCo's protest-themed commercial for its carbonated soft drink Pepsi® and the consequent decline in millennial purchase consideration and brand perception. Pepsi®'s campaign - titled "Live for Now - Moments" - was launched on April 4, 2017, in the ambitious attempt to showcase Pepsi® as a millennial-friendly brand with a socially relevant and unifying message.

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Ninguém nasce racista. Continue Criança.

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Pepsi Pulls Ad Depicting Police and Protesters

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Campanha publicitária da Nivea é acusada de racismo nas redes sociais

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Propagandas da Mon Bijou: antes e depois da censura

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A Campanha Elis Regina e Maria Rita: Uma Análise das Polêmicas e Reflexões sobre a Ética na Publicidade

A campanha publicitária da Volkswagen que uniu as vozes de Elis Regina e Maria Rita em um dueto virtual para promover o Nivus gerou grande repercussão nas redes sociais e na mídia, dividindo opiniões e levantando importantes debates sobre ética, memória e apropriação cultural.

Aspectos Positivos da Campanha:

Homenagem a Elis Regina: A campanha foi vista por muitos como uma bela homenagem à icônica cantora brasileira, reconhecendo seu legado e talento musical.

Dueto Inédito: A união das vozes de Elis Regina e Maria Rita, mesmo que virtualmente, emocionou o público e proporcionou uma experiência musical única.

Visibilidade para o Nivus: A campanha gerou grande visibilidade para o modelo Nivus da Volkswagen, alcançando um público amplo e diverso.

Pontos Controversos e Críticas:

Apropriação Indebita da Imagem de Elis Regina: Algumas pessoas questionaram a utilização da imagem e voz de Elis Regina em um contexto comercial, sem o consentimento dela em vida ou de seus herdeiros diretos.

Falta de Autenticação: A criação da voz virtual de Elis Regina através de inteligência artificial levantou debates sobre a ética da manipulação de imagens e vozes de pessoas falecidas, questionando a autenticidade e o respeito à memória da artista.

Banalização da Obra de Elis Regina: Críticos argumentaram que a campanha banalizou a obra de Elis Regina, associando-a a um produto automotivo e reduzindo seu legado artístico a um mero jingle publicitário.

Falta de Conexão com o Produto: Alguns questionaram a relevância da temática musical da campanha com o carro anunciado, argumentando que a conexão entre os dois elementos era frágil e pouco convincente.

Reflexões sobre a Ética na Publicidade:

A campanha da Volkswagen com Elis Regina e Maria Rita reacendeu o debate sobre a ética na publicidade, levantando questões importantes sobre o uso da imagem e voz de pessoas falecidas, a autenticidade em campanhas publicitárias, o respeito à memória de artistas e a responsabilidade social das empresas.

É importante considerar:

O direito à imagem e à voz de pessoas, mesmo após a morte, e a necessidade de autorização para sua utilização.

A autenticidade e o respeito à memória de artistas e figuras públicas ao representá-las em campanhas publicitárias.

A responsabilidade social das empresas na utilização de elementos culturais e históricos em suas campanhas.

A importância da transparência na criação de campanhas publicitárias que utilizem recursos tecnológicos como inteligência artificial.

Conclusão:

A campanha da Volkswagen com Elis Regina e Maria Rita, apesar de ter gerado grande repercussão e visibilidade, também serviu como um catalisador para importantes debates sobre ética, memória e apropriação cultural na publicidade. Cabe a cada indivíduo, empresa e profissional da área refletir sobre os limites e responsabilidades na utilização de elementos sensíveis e icônicos em campanhas publicitárias, buscando sempre o respeito à memória, à autenticidade e à ética.

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Elis Regina e Maria Rita juntas no comercial da Volkswagen!