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Physical therapy as a related service is designed to help students with disabilities to improve their functional skills in a variety of school settings, including the classroom, gym, and playground. Students who might benefit from school-based physical therapy services may have disabilities such as cerebral palsy, Down syndrome, or developmental delay that affect their movement or posture. Students who might benefit from PT services may experience difficulty:

Walking or balancing

Maintaining a good seated position at their desks

Carrying materials (e.g., books, lunch tray)

Opening a locker

Maintaining energy for full participation in activities

Navigating the school environment (e.g., using canes, a walker, or a wheelchair)

Managing the playground or gym equipment

Transferring (e.g., from a walker to a toilet, from a desk seat to a standing position)

Getting from one place to another during allotted transition times

Participating in routine physical education activities

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IRIS | Page 7: Physical Therapy Services

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Physical therapy as a related service is designed to help students with disabilities to improve their functional skills in a variety of school settings, including the classroom, gym, and playground. Students who might benefit from school-based physical therapy services may have disabilities such as cerebral palsy, Down syndrome, or developmental delay that affect their movement or posture.

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(9) Physical therapy means services provided by a qualified physical therapist. (§300.34, Federal Regulations).

Physical therapists (PT) or physical therapist assistants (PTA) are required to hold both national and state licenses.

The PT or PTA works with students in academic, non-academic, and extracurricular activities.

Academics

Work with teacher to develop classroom seating options, and to promote posture, balance, and accessibility

Suggest ideas to families for creating appropriate physical environments for homework

Non-Academics

Develop evacuation plans (e.g., fire, crisis) for students with physical disabilities

Develop health and wellness programs for students with and without disabilities

Train staff in methods to safely lift, transfer, handle, and position these students

Teach staff the purpose and functional use of any of a student’s specialized equipment (e.g., wheelchairs, walkers, orthoses)

Extra-curricular Activities

Collaborate with teachers who conduct after-school activities (e.g., band, clubs) so that students’ needs are met across all environments

Work with students in job training sites and community settings to promote effective access to those environments

Help students who are in the transition process to prepare for their physical needs in the next environment (e.g., high school, college, career)

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Please refer to this link to know more about what a PT do for Nore.

https://iris.peabody.vanderbilt.edu/module/rs/cresource/q2/p07/

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Core Strengthening Ideas
- Stability Ball Beanie Baby Rides
- Yoga
- Core Strength Bingo

Balance Ideas

- Skateboarding
- Ball balancing
- Yoga

Using Natural Environment
- Using A Hill: side steps, riding a bike

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Physical therapy for children with special needs, cp, autism, scoliosis

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The IRIS Center. (2011). Related services: Common supports for students with disabilities. Retrieved from https://iris.peabody.vanderbilt.edu/module/rs/

Chanda. (2019, February 20). School-Based Physical Therapy Activities. Pink Oatmeal. https://www.pinkoatmeal.com/school-based-physical-therapy-activities/

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Occupational therapy focuses on fine motor skills, visual-perceptual skills, cognitive skills, and sensory-processing deficits. Occupational therapy is designed to help patients who struggle with the completion of everyday tasks like dressing, shopping, walking, or writing. Occupational therapists provide practical techniques that patients can use to maintain or improve independence in self-care, work or school, social, and leisure activities. Therapeutic intervention is less about the structural and medical concerns emphasized by other forms of therapy and more about lifestyle functionality.

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Occupational therapy is an important part of many disability and illness treatment protocols. Occupational therapy focusses on enhancing independence and capacity for everyday activities. It can help people with physical, sensory, or cognitive disabilities to find solutions to access and task limitations, improving their ability to take part in activities necessary to day-to-day life, and ultimately helping to improve their quality of life.

What Is Occupational Therapy?

While physiotherapy aims to improve pain, strength, mobility and gross motor function, occupational therapyfocusses on fine motor skills, visual-perceptual skills, cognitive skills, and sensory-processing deficits. Occupational therapy is designed to help patients who struggle with the completion of everyday tasks like dressing, shopping, walking, or writing. Occupational therapists provide practical techniques that patients can use to maintain or improve independence in self-care, work or school, social, and leisure activities. Therapeutic intervention is less about the structural and medical concerns emphasised by other forms of therapy and more about lifestyle functionality.

The general aim of occupational therapy treatment is to improve patients' quality of life by developing techniques and strategies to assist with the tasks that patients engage in during everyday life. Every patient has different wants, needs and expectations when it comes to achieving a positive occupational therapy result, and occupational therapists are trained to take this client variability into account when they are developing treatment programs.

One of the things that many patients enjoy about occupational therapy, as opposed to other forms of treatments, is that they are able to have significant control over their treatment path and purpose. Patients are encouraged to take an active role in the management of their illnesses or disabilities, and they are able to apply learned skills beyond the parameters of the treatment itself.

What to Expect from Occupational Therapy?

Due to its patient-driven approach, occupational therapy can be a very different experience from person to person. Treatment goals largely depend on the individual wants, hopes, and needs of the patient in question. Some patients may aim to improve their ability to complete household cleaning tasks, while others may be more interested in improving social, work or school capabilities. Patients can communicate with their therapist to formulate well-suited personal goals.

Occupational therapists can offer a wide range of strategies and equipment to assist with daily function. Some of the things an occupational therapist may be able to provide are:

Help with motor skill development or grip supports to improve handwriting, teeth-brushing, dressing and feeding abilities

Self-regulation and emotional management techniques for people with behavioural disorders

Advice to assist with social participation and confidence building

Pain and fatigue management strategies

Hand-eye coordination support with the aim of improving a patient's ability to engage in sports, leisure, or school/work activities

Support to perform activities necessary to school, work, volunteer, or household maintenance responsibilities

Memory aids and tricks for those struggling with memory loss

Supports or advice to make driving possible

Specialised equipment such as wheelchairs, splints, bathing equipment, dressing devices, or communication aids to improve a patient's ability to complete everyday tasks and participate in society

Occupational therapists may also assist patients to return to activities they have discontinued. For example, a traumatic injury patient may seek occupational therapeutic help to facilitate an adapted return to work, or a child patient may be assisted to reengage with education after a long stint away from school. In these cases, an occupational therapist may be able to communicate with workplace and school access providers or recommend adaptive desk equipment, pacing strategies, or easy-to-carry school backpacks.

Who Can Benefit From Occupational Therapy?

Occupational Therapy can be beneficial to patients of all ages and levels of disability, though treatment outcomes may vary depending on the requirements of each individual patient's daily life. Patients with the following disabilities and conditions may benefit from occupational therapy treatment:

Autism or sensory processing disorders

Developmental delays or learning disabilities

Broken bones or orthopaedic injuries

Birth injuries or defects

Burns

Cancer

Amputations

Hand or foot injuries

Rheumatoid arthritis

Traumatic brain injuries

Spinal cord injuries

Mental health or behavioural problems

Spina Bifida

Multiple Sclerosis

Cerebral Palsy

Chronic illnesses

Memory disorders such as Alzheimer's Disease

Fatigue

Chronic pain patients

What Are The Potential Benefits of Occupational Therapy?

Occupational therapy can be incredibly beneficialin helping patients to maintain and improve their ability to engage with the tasks they encounter in day-to-day life. People who obtain occupational therapy treatment are often able to avoid unnecessary hospital stays and may be able to postpone nursing home admissions. Occupational therapy can reduce the likelihood of workplace injuries by providing preventative treatment and equipment - for example, a sit-to-stand desk to improve posture, or work pacing advice. In the long term, these preventative measures can help to reduce unemployment rates among people with disabilities, supporting disability community inclusion.

What Resources are Available?

Occupational therapists work in hospitals, schools, rehabilitation centres, mental health facilities, private practices, nursing homes, and more. Occupational Therapy Australia is the peak body in Australia for occupational therapist registration, training, and resources. The organisation has a number of patient resource sheets available on its website, and it also maintains a directoryto help patients find private practice occupational therapists.

Occupational therapy (or OT) is a fantastic treatment choice for patients who are seeking individual, practical assistance to live functionally. Many people with disabilities have found occupational therapy effective in enabling them to participate in the activities that matter most to them.

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Occupational Therapy for People With Disabilities | Sunrise Medical

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OT for people with disabilities, occupational therapy for people with disabilities, therapy for people with disabilities, occupational therapy for disability, OT for disability, therapy for disability, disability therapy, management for disability, management of disability, occupational therapy for PWD

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Special education counseling is a specialization of school counseling that is concerned with the success of special needs students. The essential purpose of special education counseling is to ensure that special needs students and their families have access to the appropriate supports and interventions in order to facilitate improved achievement in a school environment.

In addition to facilitating academic and intellectual growth, special education counseling is concerned with improving a student’s ability to function in social, emotional, and behavioral capacities.

Special education counseling is a multi-modal discipline in that special education counselors must be well versed in counseling theories and techniques, as well as educational theory, educational law, and special education regulations.

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Become a Special Education Counselor: Career & Degree Guide

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Special education counseling is a specialization of school counseling that is concerned with the success of special needs students. The essential purpose of special education counseling is to ensure that special needs students and their families have access to the appropriate supports and interventions in order to facilitate improved achievement in a school environment.

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Speech therapy is a treatment that improves your ability to talk and use other language skills. It helps you express your thoughts and understand what other people are saying to you. It can also improve skills like your memory and ability to solve problems.

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Aphasia: People with aphasia can have difficulty reading, writing, speaking, and understanding language.

Apraxia: People with apraxia know what they want to say but have trouble forming the words. They may have trouble with reading, writing, swallowing, and other motor skills.

Articulation disorder: People with articulation disorders are unable to produce certain word sounds. For example, they may substitute one sound for another — like saying “wed” instead of “red” or “thith” instead of “this.”

Cognitive-communication disorders: You might have difficulty communicating if the area of your brain that controls your thinking ability is damaged. People with cognitive-communication disorders may have issues with listening, speaking, memory and problem-solving.

Dysarthria: People with dysarthria may have slow or slurred speech. It happens when the muscles that control your speech become weak.

Expressive disorders: People with expressive disorders may have difficulty getting words out or conveying their thoughts. Expressive disorders are linked to stroke or other neurological events, developmental delays, and hearing loss.

Fluency disorders: Fluency disorders disrupt the speed, flow and rhythm of your speech. Stuttering (speech that’s interrupted or blocked) is a fluency disorder.

Receptive disorders: People with receptive disorders have difficulty comprehending or processing what others are saying. They may have a limited vocabulary; trouble following directions or seem uninterested in conversations.

Resonance disorders: Resonance disorders are health conditions that affect your oral or nasal cavities.

Speech therapy can help improve:

Early language skills (especially children learning to talk and communicate).

Ability to use the voice.

Language comprehension (how well you understand words and language).

Fluency (how well and how comfortably you can use language).

Clarity and expression (how easily you can communicate what you want to).

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What does speech therapy do?

Speech therapy will help you improve your ability to speak and communicate with language. What kind of speech therapy you need depends on several factors, including your age and which health condition or speech challenges you might have.

Your speech-language pathologist will recommend appropriate treatment based on your specific situation. There are many different approaches and categories of speech therapy, and your speech therapist will find one that works best for you.

Which conditions are treated with speech therapy?

Speech therapy can benefit anyone with a communication disorder. A healthcare provider might also suggest speech therapy if you have a hearing impairment or health condition that makes swallowing difficult. Your healthcare provider may recommend speech therapy to help with:

Aphasia:People with aphasia can have difficulty reading, writing, speaking and understanding language. It often develops after a stroke or injury damages the area of the brain that processes language.

Apraxia: People with apraxia know what they want to say, but have trouble forming the words. They may have trouble with reading, writing, swallowing and other motor skills.

Articulation disorder:People with articulation disorders are unable to produce certain word sounds. For example, they may substitute one sound for another - like saying "wed" instead of "red" or "thith" instead of "this."

Cognitive-communication disorders:You might have difficulty communicating if the area of your brain that controls your thinking ability is damaged. People with cognitive-communication disorders may have issues with listening, speaking, memory and problem-solving.

Dysarthria:People with dysarthria may have slow or slurred speech. It happens when the muscles that control your speech become weak. Common causes include stroke, multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or other nervous system disorders.

Expressive disorders:People with expressive disorders may have difficulty getting words out or conveying their thoughts. Expressive disorders are linked to stroke or other neurological events, developmental delays and hearing loss.

Fluency disorders:Fluency disorders disrupt the speed, flow and rhythm of your speech. Stuttering (speech that's interrupted or blocked) is a fluency disorder. So is cluttering (speech that's merged together and fast).

Receptive disorders:People with receptive disorders have difficulty comprehending or processing what others are saying. They may have a limited vocabulary, trouble following directions or seem uninterested in conversations.

Resonance disorders:Resonance disorders are health conditions that affect your oral or nasal cavities. They can block airflow and alter the vibrations that help you hear sounds. Cleft palate, swollen tonsils and other conditions that affect the structure of your mouth and nose can cause resonance disorders.

What age is best for speech therapy?

Anyone who needs help with speech or language skills can benefit from speech therapy. There's no age that's best or more correct to get help. Both pediatric speech therapy and speech therapy for adults can help anyone with a communication disorder.

Studies have found that children who need speech therapy have the most success when they start it early and practice at home with a loved one.

What activities are done in speech therapy?

For children, speech therapy usually involves play, like sequencing activities or language-based board games.

For adults, speech therapy is usually focused on improving or rebuilding particular skill sets like strengthening coordination between your brain and mouth.

Some examples of speech therapy activities include:

Tongue and mouth exercises: Your speech therapist will show you exercises and motions that will strengthen your mouth and tongue. These exercises help train your tongue to move in coordinated patterns.

Facial movements: Controlling the expression on your face can help improve your motor skills. Your therapist might have you smile or pucker your lips, then relax your face.

Reading out loud: If your speech disorder prevents you from moving your mouth and tongue properly, reading out loud can strengthen the connection between your brain and mouth.

Playing word games: Studies have shown that memory games, word searches and crossword puzzles can maintain cognitive function and improve thinking skills.

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Speech therapy is a treatment that improves your ability to talk and use other language skills. It helps children and adults manage communication disorders.

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If the child is diagnosed with apraxia, they will probably need speech therapy on a one-on-one basis several times per week. This therapy will likely consist of intensively practicing their speech. The therapist will try to help the child understand auditory feedback as well as visual or tactile cues.

One way a therapist might do this is to have the child look at themselves in a mirror while speaking, or record them speaking and then playing it back.

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Speech therapy is not one thing. There are different types of speech therapy, each of which involves approaches and techniques that are specific to the issue that needs addressing. That could be related to speech itself-e.g., therapy for people who stutter-or it could relate to problems with memory swallowing, and more.

A speech-language pathologist (SLP), often just called a speech therapist, will perform assessments to determine which type(s) of speech therapy is right for you.

This article reviews the different types of speech therapy and the various disorders each one can be used to treat.

Types of Speech Therapy Used by Speech Therapists

A speech-language pathologist can use different types of speech therapy to help people with problems related to:

Fluency (e.g., stuttering, and cluttering)

Speech (e.g., articulation)

Language (e.g., ability; comprehension of spoken and written language)

Cognition (e.g., attention, memory, ability to solve problems)

Voice (e.g., characteristics of vocal tone)

Swallowing (e.g., stroke, congenital disorders)

In addition to different speech therapy techniques, SLPs may also provide auditory habilitation & auditory rehabilitation for people with hearing problems or disorders.

Some SLPs specialize in other services including professional voice development, accent or dialect modification, transgender voice therapy, business communication modification, and voice hygiene.

Speech Therapy for Late Talkers

A common speech therapy method is used to help children who have reached the expected age for speech development but have not started talking.

If your infant or toddler should be talking by now but isn't, they may be referred to a speech therapist. The therapist will likely try different things to encourage your child to talk, including playing with him. Sometimes, withholding a favorite toy until a child asks for it motivates small children to talk, but this depends on the circumstance.

For some children, other types of communication, such as sign language or picture cards, might be introduced. Speech therapists may also refer your child for further evaluation, such as hearing tests if necessary.

Speech Therapy for Kids With Apraxia

Certain speech therapy techniques are helpful for kids with apraxia.

Children with apraxia of speech have difficulty saying certain syllables or making certain sounds. Your child knows what they want to say, but it doesn't seem to come out right. Speech therapists are qualified to evaluate children for apraxia by using several tests, including:

Oral-motor assessment to check for muscle weakness in the jaw, lips, or tongue

Melody of speech assessment during which the therapist listens to see if they can appropriately stress certain syllables and use pitch and pauses at the appropriate place in a sentence

Speech sound assessment further determines how well the child can pronounce sounds, including vowels, consonants, and sound combinations. This includes determining how well others are able to understand the child's conversational speech

If your child is diagnosed with apraxia, they will probably need speech therapy on a one-on-one basis several times per week. This therapy will likely consist of intensively practicing their speech. The therapist will try to help your child understand auditory feedback as well as visual or tactile cues.

One way a therapist might do this is to have your child look at themselves in a mirror while speaking, or record them speaking and then playing it back. Many children enjoy this.

Speech Therapy for Stuttering

Speech therapy techniques can be applied to help treat stuttering.

Stuttering is a problem that typically develops during childhood but can develop during adulthood as well. Stuttering is usually considered a type of behavioral problem. Speech therapists will try to teach your child who stutters behavioral modification techniques that in turn may help control their stuttering.

A common method that may be used on your child is to teach them to control the rate of speech since speaking too quickly can make stuttering worse for some people. Practicing speech in a slower, more fluent manner can be helpful. It can also be helpful to monitor breathing.

Speech Therapy for Aphasia

Some speech therapy methods help people with aphasia. Speech therapy assessments can also help determine if someone has the condition.

Aphasia is a condition that causes difficulty speaking as a result of some sort of damage to the brain. The condition can also consist of difficulty listening, reading, and writing. Aphasia happens to many adults after they have experienced a stroke.

Speech therapists play a crucial role in diagnosing aphasia by evaluating an individual's ability to understand others, express themselves, and even swallow. There are many different things a speech therapist might do to help a person with aphasia, including:

Drills to improve specific language skills

Group therapy to improve conversational skills

Gestures and writing to augment their communication skills

Speech Therapy for Swallowing Difficulty

Speech therapy techniques can also be used to help people who are not able to swallow when they eat or drink.

Your child may experience difficulty swallowing for a variety of reasons. A speech therapist may help your child with swallowing difficulty by assisting them with exercises to make her mouth strong, increase tongue movement, and improve chewing.

A speech therapist may also make recommendations about the consistency of food. For infants, a speech therapist may assist in coordinating her suck-swallow-breath pattern. As previously mentioned these are only some of the things that a speech therapist might do. There are many other conditions and methods used to evaluate those in need.

There are different types of speech therapy that can be used to treat various disorders affecting speech, hearing, and swallowing. Children and adults with speech delays, apraxia, swallowing problems, and certain medical conditions may benefit from working with a speech therapist.

Frequently Asked Questions

What does a speech therapist do?

A speech therapist evaluates, diagnoses, and treats speech issues and communication problems, as well as swallowing disorders. They provide various services, from teaching articulation and clear speaking to helping strengthen muscles used to talk and swallow.

What are the four types of articulation disorders?

The four types of articulation disorders are substitution, omission, distortion, and addition. Speech-language pathologists use the acronym SODA to remember them.

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Learn about the different types of speech therapy for speech, hearing, and swallowing disorders.

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For children, speech therapy usually involves play, like sequencing activities or language-based board games.

Some examples of speech therapy activities include:

Tongue and mouth exercises: The speech therapist will show exercises and motions that will strengthen the mouth and tongue. These exercises help train the tongue to move in coordinated patterns.

Facial movements: Controlling the expression on the face can help improve motor skills. The therapist might have the students smile or pucker lips, then relax their face.

Reading out loud: If the speech disorder prevents students from moving their mouth and tongue properly, reading out loud can strengthen the connection between the brain and mouth.

Playing word games: Studies have shown that memory games, word searches and crossword puzzles can maintain cognitive function and improve thinking skills.

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Autism or sensory processing disorders

Developmental delays or learning disabilities

Broken bones or orthopedic injuries

Birth injuries or defects

Burns

Cancer

Amputations

Hand or foot injuries

Rheumatoid arthritis

Traumatic brain injuries

Spinal cord injuries

Mental health or behavioral problems

Spina Bifida

Multiple Sclerosis

Cerebral Palsy

Chronic illnesses

Memory disorders such as Alzheimer’s Disease

Fatigue

Chronic pain patients

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Occupational therapists can offer a wide range of strategies and equipment to assist with daily function. Some of the things an occupational therapist may be able to provide are:

Help with motor skill development or grip supports to improve handwriting, teeth-brushing, dressing and feeding abilities

Self-regulation and emotional management techniques for people with behavioral disorders

Advice to assist with social participation and confidence building

Pain and fatigue management strategies

Hand-eye coordination support with the aim of improving a patient’s ability to engage in sports, leisure, or school/work activities

Support to perform activities necessary to school, work, volunteer, or household maintenance responsibilities

Memory aids and tricks for those struggling with memory loss

Supports or advice to make driving possible

Specialized equipment such as wheelchairs, splints, bathing equipment, dressing devices, or communication aids to improve a patient’s ability to complete everyday tasks and participate in society

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Student Example: Fabian 8 y.o. Elementary

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Student Example: Fabian 8 y.o. Elementary

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Student: Fabian
Grade: 2nd
Age: 8
Concerns: Social participation lacking
Gets up in class without permission
talking while other are speaking
talking without seeking or getting permission
invading the personal space of others
controls the direction of conversations to revolve around self
shows no interest or attention to the wants and needs of others
Parental Desires: Be safe in class.  Social distance (covid rules) join team sports successfully.
Child Desires: Wants to be with his friends in school. Wants to be back at school full time (currently hybrid classes).

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Interventions that could be used to address each of the above goals:

1. Social scripts: Allow for children to practice what to do in
social situations that may be awkward or challenging. The therapist works with the child to identify a script appropriate for that specific situation, and the script is written so the child can rehearse it. The child may keep a notebook to write scripts to refer to when necessary.

2. Social stories: This method helps children establish
healthy routines and develop new social skills. Each story addresses a social skill or issue. The four types of sentences used in social stories include descriptive sentences (explains what happens and why, who is involved, and provides background), directive sentences (provides direction to the child and teaches them how to do something or how to respond), perspective sentences (describes the reactions of others and their feelings), and control or affirmative sentences (written by the child to help them remember information).

3. Video modeling: Involves an individual watching a
video demonstration of a specific behavior and then copying the behavior of the model. Video self-modeling allows children to observe and model from their own behaviors. This may be effective for improving social communication skills (i.e., social interaction skills such as looks, regulates, places self), functional skills, and behavioral functioning.

4. Self-management: May be used to increase social
interactions and decrease off-task behaviors in children. Children are taught to differentiate between appropriate and inappropriate behaviors (i.e., appropriate physical distancing), examine and record their own behaviors, and reward themselves for behaving appropriately.

Considerations for the intervention process (that are specific to the practice setting):
• Least restrictive environment (LRE) to greatest extent possible: services should be provided to
the student in the general education setting, including the classroom, as much as possible.
• Best practice (and legally defensible practice): OT practitioners should ensure that they use clinical and professional reasoning to determine the best evidence-based interventions to use with the student.
• Services provided as part of IEP: all services provided should be related to the student’s IEP and relevant to their role as a student within an educational setting.

Occupational Therapist contributions:
• The OT has the overall responsibility for the development and implementation of the intervention plan
• Collaborate with Occupational Therapy Assistant (OPA) and client to develop the plan
• When delegating various aspects of the OT intervention to the OTA, the OT is responsible for providing appropriate supervision
• Collaborate with OTA to choose, implement, and make modifications to therapeutic activities and interventions that are consistent with competency levels, goals, and the practice setting.
• The OT will contribute to the school team’s determination of the need for continuing, modifying, or discontinuing therapy services (AOTA, 2020

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https://www.facebook.com/verywell. (2019). How Different Types of Speech Therapy Can Be Useful to Help Your Child. Verywell Health. https://www.verywellhealth.com/types-of-speech-therapy-1192153

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Speech Therapy: What Is It? Types, Tests & Treatment. (n.d.). Cleveland Clinic. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/22366-speech-therapy

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References

Kim, A. (2021). Case Example -Occupational Therapy in School-Based Practice. https://www.ilota.org/assets/Case%20Example-%20School-Based%20Practice%20041421.pdf

Occupational Therapy for People With Disabilities | Sunrise Medical. (2019). Sunrisemedical.com.au. https://www.sunrisemedical.com.au/blog/occupational-therapy-for-people-with-disabilities

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How School Counselors Support Special Needs Students - Video & Lesson Transcript | Study.com

1.Special education counselors work with special needs students in elementary schools, middle schools, and high schools, to ensure they have the support services they need in order to achieve their highest potential in the areas of academics, personal and social growth, and career development.

This is accomplished by working with students with social, emotional, behavioral, and physical disabilities in a variety of settings, including in one-on-one counseling, group counseling, in special education classrooms, as well as in regular education classrooms.

2. Another essential duty of special education counselors is to work with special education and general education teachers and staff members to ensure that the needs of each special needs student are being met.

Special education counselors do this by advocating on the child’s behalf, collaborating with teachers to develop more effective support services for the child, or working with teachers and staff members to develop a better understanding of the interventions in place to help the child succeed.

Much collaboration and consultation is also undertaken with other special services workers, such as school psychologists, occupational and physical therapists, speech-language pathologists, and the like.

3.Special education counselors work extensively with families as well. In this context, they might serve as a go-between, helping families understand school policies and procedures, or helping inform families about their rights concerning special education services.

Special education counselors also often work with families to improve their ability to meet their child’s needs at home. This might involve offering parents and guardians insight into effective strategies for improving their child’s functioning. It may also involve referring families to outside resources, such as child and family counselors, vocational training, or non-profit organizations that specialize in working with families of special needs children.

The school counselor is one person who can help by actively advocating for these children. The following are some of the other important services that school counselors provide.

Counseling sessions with special education students.

Encouraging family involvement in the IEP. It helps immensely if the parents or other responsible adults understand and are on board with the services that have been recommended, including possible referrals to outside organizations. The special education counselor can also address specific questions or concerns and inform parents and guardians of their rights.

Consulting with and working with other school staff to better understand the child’s special needs and what support systems, adaptations and modifications may be necessary.

Collaborating with other school and community professionals, including but not limited to teachers, school psychologists, physical therapists, occupational therapists, and speech and language pathologists, in the delivery of services.

Identifying other students who should be assessed to determine eligibility for special education.

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Getting a diagnosis if necessary

Extreme stress can sometimes be a symptom of a mental disorder, like anxiety or panic disorder. If a student becomes unmotivated or shuts down in the face of stress and obligations, depression may be playing a role there as well. It is important to recognize when a student is experiencing normal levels of stress and when something more serious is going on. For example, a student may feel confused when they feel large-scale emotions and they aren’t sure how to handle it. They might react with frustration or anger.

Counseling can teach them how to recognize these types of feelings and change their responses appropriately. On the other hand, outbursts of anger can be a sign of a mental disorder which can also be treated and managed through counseling.

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To be more specific, here are seven of our favorite therapeutic activities that you can use to give your mental health a boost:

Take a Deep Breath. ...

Exercise. ...

Meditate to Help Your Mental Health. ...

Talk to Someone. ...

Keep a Journal. ...

Learn Something New. ...

Spend Some Time in Nature. ...

*Bonus* – Ask for Help with Mental Health.

Feb 14, 2023

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4 Ways Counseling Can Benefit Students | Mazzitti & Sullivan Counseling. 16 Sept. 2021, www.mazzittiandsullivan.com/4-ways-counseling-can-benefit-students/.

“Become a Special Education Counselor: Career & Degree Guide.” Psychology School Guide - Accredited Campus & Online Schools |,
https://www.psychologyschoolguide.net/psychology-careers/special-education-counselor/#:~:text=The%20essential%20purpose%20of%20special,achievement%20in%20a%20school%20environment.