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The introduction to this topic was a presentation by Marisa Montoya

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We, the students participating in this project, concluded that humans need to drastically reduce the CO2 emissions by changing our behaviour.

We suggest:

1. Raising awareness and sharing your knowledge with others

2. Substituting fossil fuels with renewable energies

3. Protecting masses of forests (because they absorb CO₂)

4. Promoting sustainability

5. Supporting industries with an eco-friendly approach

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3) What will happen in 2050 with pollution?

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3) What will happen in 2050 with pollution?

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By 2050 there could be twice as many premature deaths from pollution. Premature mortality caused by air pollution could double by 2050 and cause the death of 6.6 million people annually, according to a study recently published in the journal Nature.

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1. Detection: How do we know climate is changing?

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1. Detection: How do we know climate is changing?

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Climate change is a long-term change in the average weather patterns that have come to define Earth's local, regional and global climates.

1. How do we know climate is changing?

Observations since 19th century through the Global Observing System and the Global Telecomunication System

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2. Trajectory of the mean annual surface air temperature since the preindustrial times

IPCC AR5: It is certain that global mean surface temperature (GMST) has increased since the late 19th century. Since 2012, GMST has risen strongly, with the past five years (2016-2020) being the hottest five-year period between 1850 and 2020 (high confidence).

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3. Surface air temperature anomalies relative to 1951-1980

This color-coded map shows the progression of changing global surface temperature anomalies. Normal temperatures are averages over the 30-year base period 1951-1980. Above normal temperatures are shown in red and below normal  in blue. The last frame represents five years of global temperature anomalies from 2016 to 2020. Scale in degrees Celsius.

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4. Where do we find evidence of climate change?
- rising heat of Ocean (1987-2019 9.4ZJ/year)
- rising of global sea level (20th century: 15cm)
- rising of Earth surface temperature (1880-2020 1.4°C)
- glacier mass loss (1m per year)
- higher CO2 concentration (from 280ppm to 560ppm)
- more precipitation (yearly increase of 23mm)

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How Do We Know We're Causing Climate Change?

1. Historical Background:

Scientists have been studying climate patterns for decades, examining data from ice cores, tree rings, corals, sediment layers etc. These records reveal that Earth's climate has experienced natural variations throughout history. However, since the Industrial Revolution, the planet has experienced changes that align with human activities.

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2. Greenhouse Gas Emissions:

Industrial and agricultural processes release greenhouse gases – mainly CO2 and Methane - into the atmosphere which trap heat generating global warming. Increased GHG (Greenhouse Gases) concentrations directly relate to human activities, as evidenced by the significant rise in atmospheric CO2 levels since the Industrial Revolution (19th century).

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3. Climate Models:

Scientists employ  computer models to simulate Earth's climate system. These models incorporate data on solar radiation and human-induced emissions. The models accurately reproduce observed temperature increases and other climate patterns. The simulations without human influence fail to replicate the observed changes, confirming the link between human activities and climate change.
Image (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration)

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This graphics show us the changes in global surface temperature relative to 1850- 1900

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Conclusion:

Multiple evidence are able to confirm that humans are responsible for climate change. Historical records, greenhouse gas emissions and climate models point to our significant impact on the Earth's climate system. Our role empowers us to take proactive steps to end with climate change and ensure a sustainable future for generations to come.

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A young DSM student wearing the RIGHT T-shirt😀🌏

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https://www.google.es/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwiLxKqVquP_AhWOVqQEHfC6CTMQtwJ6BAgPEAI&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D2BoY0znAiNc&usg=AOvVaw02peKXzPsJ_tpZV6Xzy_HN&opi=89978449

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5. As a tree grows, it adds a new ring around its waistline each year. Trees not only tell us how old they are with these rings, but they also tell us how they’ve passed each year: in good growing conditions or in bad. They need to study a wide variety of samples from different trees of the same species to have a representative sample for the area and to get a reliable picture of the area’s climate conditions.Trees that depend heavily on temperature in the growing season will have narrow rings during cold periods and wider rings for warm periods.

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3. This image shows us the changes the world has experienced since the year 1950 up to now and the next 80 years.

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graph reflecting temperature rises in diagram form

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6. Global warming reflected over the last 100,000 years

This graph shows the temperature changes over a specific period of time. On the y-axis the degrees from -1 to 2 are represented, while the x-axis shows the years from year 1 to 2020, emphasizing the time period from 1850 to 2020, since the most notable activity occurs in that period. From the year 1 to the year 1850 there is a balance in the rise of temperatures, always staying around 0 and rising to a maximum of 0.5. From the year 1850 onwards, temperatures begin to rise drastically, exceeding values of 1 degree above previous periods in only 170 years, which is very worrying data. It can be concluded that this is the warmest period of the last 2000 years and probably also of the last 100000 years, also occurring in a tiny period of time with respect to these 2000 years. Temperatures have risen more in 170 years than in almost 2000 years. The worrying thing is that these temperatures do not seem to be going down and these are records that are of increasing concern to experts.