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Another program which ran from 1835 to 1841 was the bounty reward system. “Bounty immigrants” were selected by colonists who then paid for their passage. When the immigrant arrived, a colonist would employ the immigrant and the employer would then be reimbursed by the government for all or part of the cost of passage.

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The British government wanted to transport the convicts to a land far from home, with good farming conditions to encourage self-sufficiency.

After attempts to establish a convict settlement in Africa had failed, New South Wales was chosen as the site for the new penal colony.

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On the 16th Jan 1793, 12 ships arrived in Sydney with ships full of convicts. The journey from Britan to Aus took 16 weeks through tuff conditions. By 1838 over 6000 free settlers had come to Aus on the bounty scheme.

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due to overpopulation many people committed crimes like theft as there wasn't enough jobs for everyone due to over population. many people were sent to australia especially because of how overcrowded prisons began when crime rates went higher and higher overtime.

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The British government wanted people to migrate to Australia. Colonies always needed settlers to open up the land and develop agriculture and industries.

Australia was made up of penal colonies to start with. These were convicts who had been transported to Australia completing work and building up settlements.

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Young children would be working in factories as they had the advantage of having small hands and reaching into small spots. They would work for 14-15 hours. They didn't know what they were signing up for as the families needed money desperately. Small kids would stay there till they are 20-24 years old. They would include kids from an ordinary class and orphans.

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Push factors: unemployment, overcrowded, pollution, high crime rates, poverty.
Pull factors: lots of land, nice landscapes, job opportunities and better wages, free convict labour.

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A system that helped free settlers work out the expensive costs of the journey from Britain to Australia. Many poor and single men were attracted to the idea of wide open spaces in Australia and owning enough of the land to become wealthy.

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when the plague hit people where forced to likve in houses that where small and filled to the BRIM with people

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People who moved from rural towns to cities to make more money were often homeless because of the large population of people living there. Those who had homes often lived in small, crowded spaces.

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during the industrial revolution, cities in britain became overcrowded, polluted, and unhealthy. a fast growing population and the flow of people to these cities meant lots of cheap labour. the industry could not absorb this surplus, and so unemployment levels rose. workers had to accept low wages, long hours, and unsafe conditions.

originally, people chose to move to north america because of the work opportunities, and also the fact that the trip there was shorter and cheaper.

soon people heard about the land in australia and all the opportunities. the government also wanted people to move here so as to start up another british colony.

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Pull factors - Reasons that make an area more attractive for people than their existing home

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Women were more likely to be convicted for small crimes due to the uneven ratio in the penal colonies. Basically giving the male convicts a chance to find wives.

Men 4:1 Women

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when people commited crime they got sent to Australia as a punishment because of overcrowded prisons

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-Good farming conditions helped self-sufficiency convicts.
-Hopes to grow food and commodities for Britain.
-Wanted to prevent the French from colonising.

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The government introduced the bounty scheme in 1835 to encourage more females to settle in Australia. Settlers paid a fare for skilled workers from England and were reimbursed if they were healthy and over 15 years old. By 1838, over 6000 free settlers had come to Australia.

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The departure of people from their homeland (country of birth) to settle permanently in new country

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convicts had an avergae age of 27 years old.More than 80% of the convicts were men.However the government wanted partners for the men so women would be transported for less serious crimes

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- prisons became overcrowded
- locked people on ships instead and sent them to sea to stop the spread of diseases.
- they wanted to get rid of the poor people and keep the rich so they sent the poor to Australia on ships to work.

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Children would work hours underpaid because they were underage, crawling under working machine and fixing or grabbing fabric. The families of the children thought that there children were getting looked after when meanwhile they were just known as another worker with no rights.

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People can get sent to Australian for something as simple as stealing bread

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- 30 acres of land was given to single men
- 50 acres of land was given to married couples
- 60 acres of land was given to married couples with kids

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young kids were forced to work becausse they were cheaper to pay and they had small hands which could fit in small places. it was bad working conditions

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Theft was the most common crime and the punishment was a 7 year sentence. People of ten stole food or valuables to sell for food.

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people made the decision on whether or whether not to relocate based on push or pull factors.
- push factors --> reasons that drive a person away from their existing home to another place.
- pull factors --> reasons that make an area more attractive than a person's existing home.

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- Sentences ranged from 7 yrs to 14 for theft
- Death and disease rates were high
- Bad living conditions

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Some push factors include pollution, Unemployment, High crime rates, poverty, overcrowding, disease, terrible climate, long hours and unsafe working conditions.

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-People in Britain volunteered to travel to
Australia for the big land that they would get given
-The ship took 14 weeks to travel to Australia and diseases occurred while on the shi

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Familys would move to Britain in hope for a better life as their were a lot of factories opening up but because everyone was moving at the same time it became overpopulated,Because so many people moved to work there this caused lots of diseases to spread.This would result in people having to steal as their was no jobs left for them.

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-Transportation was a legal term used by the British Government.
-This is a prison sentence served overseas in exile in a penal colony.
-Remove poor criminals to help improve society.
-In hopes to deter others from committing crimes in fear of being transported.

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Migrants who move by choice.
They make choices based on push and pull factors. Push factors are reasons that drive a person away from their existing home to another place. Pull factors are reasons that make an area more attractive for people then their existing home.

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A new liveable area that convicts were forced to live in after being transported by boat to Australia with other criminals.

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Involuntary: They were forced against their will to move somewhere they didn't want to go.

Voluntary: They chose to move, for a number of reasons, to a place the wanted to

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- They are people who committed a crime and get sent to Australia (Sydney) as punishment.
- Sentenced 7-14 years
- Prisons in Britain were overcrowded, so they were shipped to Australia.
- Convicts were usually poor.