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After The Great Neapolitan Earthquake causes much devastation in the region of Basilicata, which killed over 30,000 Italians. Countless homes were lost which also led Italians to look toward the United States for safety and a stability.

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In 1866, war was declared on the Austrian Empire, the Third Italian War of Independence. This eventually led to over 25,000 Italians immigrating to the U.S. About one-third of this group of travelers settled in New York, with the area later being recognized as "Little Italy." Immigration was also highly recommended and encouraged because of industrialization and the development of railroads across the country. As thousands of Italians began flooding into the U.S., the population of immigrants increased.

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Fewer than 25,000 Italian immigrants came to the United States before 1870. Most were from Northern Italy and were relatively well-off compared to the later Italian immigrants that were to come. An example of prominent Italian-American from this time period was Constantino Brumidi, who created paintings and frescos for the U.S. capitol building.

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The United States was beginning to put out laws restricting the entry of immigrants into the country, the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 was the first significant law made which was a 10-year ban on Chinese laborers coming to the United States. Because of this new ban, there was a high demand for cheap labor, specifically  Italian agricultural labor. Throughout the time of 1881-1890, 5, 246, 613 immigrants gained entry to the U.S., 600,000 of them being Italians.

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The Immigration Act of 1891 provided the U.S. the inspection of people coming into the country and restricting entry based on their backgrounds or diseases they may have. Ellis Island immigration center was opened in 1892 which was a facility who's main purpose was to inspect migrants coming from Europe. Though the Italians did worry about this new center, only 2% of Italians were actual turned away.

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Mount Vesuvius, a volcano in Naples erupted killing around 1000 people and destroying many homes. Due to this, many Italians immigrated to the US as refugees.

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The Immigration Act of 1907 was passed in order to restrict the entrance of immigrants into the country. This eventually led to the Dillingham Commission report which incorporated more restrictions on immigrants. This report stated that the "New Immigrants," people from Asia and southern Europe, were inferior and uneducated compared the the "Old Immigrants." It's main focus was to reduce the number of immigrants in the U.S.

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World War l commences leaving immigration to decrease. Italy joins the war fighting alongside the Allies which included France, Great Britain, Russia, and Japan. Before the war, Italy was already in a state of poverty, but as the war came to an end, the country was left to suffer from inflation and an extended depression. In 1915, the Italians were left to suffer yet again after an earthquake Avezzano, central Italy, kills about 30,000 people.

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The United States, continued to put into place restrictions on immigrants attempting to enter the country. The Emergency Quota Act was created in 1921 and it used a type of percentage system in order to restrict the number of immigrants entering based on place of their origin. It restricted the admission of people by 3% based on the number of residents from that country in the United States. The Immigration Act of 1924 also restricted the number of immigrants allowed in as well.

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Benito Mussolini takes control over Italy, becoming its dictator and fascist leader. Four years later, The Great Depression ensued in the United States, leaving employment rates to plummet as well immigration. After World War ll, The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 was enacted and it stated that every immigrant was equal, which contradicted the restriction of 1921.