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The puritans were religious zealots of their beliefs and these people wanted to purify the catholic church to be exactly like the bible. They believed in total depravity, which is when they believe everyone from birth is a sinner because when Adam and Eve sinned, those sins are passed down to everyone. Additionally they also believed that every person has their place in the afterlife predetermined by god and that you could not change your fate at all. Althought if you were given gods grace, you had free will to live a good life until you go to heaven. Although they believed that only the chosen ones could go to heaven and that Jesus only died for the "elect."

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In a town named Salem, there was strong belief that Satan/The Devil was acting in their world and that all their hardships came from him. They believed Satan had followers who were witches and wizards who did his bidding. They would blame natural disasters, disease, and bad luck all on the devil. While this was happening certain people thought if you exhibited certain symptoms you were possibly a witch.

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Calvinism was the extension of the theological beliefs of Protestantism centered around certain beliefs. These beliefs included certain things such as pre-destination, which is where you cant change your fate to where you will go to in the afterlife. The only way you could change your pre-destination was with Gods grace, giving you the free gift of salvation allowing you to live uprightly until the end. Another belief was in Total depravity where they believed that everyone is a sinner as when Adam and Eve sinned, it got passed down. The people who believed in this used a government archetype known as a theocracy where they were governed by the Lord.

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In Salem these trials started as a group of girls beginning to act unusual and their townspeople accused them as witches. Before this happened the group of girls who were accused were most likely very bored so they started watching the town ministers slave Tituba preform voodoo tricks for them. Later on when these girls were accused of being witches due to strange behavior, they blamed it on tituba. Then they started accusing low-ranking people of their society. They eventually accused very respectable and high ranking people such as the main ministers wife of being a witch which is when the people started to question the girls validity. There was 200 people arrested and 19 executed during these trials, and it was speculated that the girls were just acting all along to get attention as usually kids are not paid attention to during these times.

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The thought of the city upon a hill was originated in Massachusetts where the puritans wanted to create a perfect society to be an example of an ideal society to all people who were christian around the globe. They built many schools and colleges such as Harvard which taught their young citizens the word of God and trained ministers. The first public school was founded in 1635 as they taught the young men about their beliefs. They taught about gods grace and how everyone is a sinner from birth. They wanted this utopia society to have a good work ethic and strong belief system.