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Timeline Unit 4 APUSH - Adriana Noguera, Melaine Machado 

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Timeline Unit 4 APUSH - Adriana Noguera, Melaine Machado 

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The U.S. declared war on Britain in 1812 because Britain was interfering with American trade, capturing American sailors, and supporting Native American attacks on American settlers. Britain’s trade restrictions hurt American businesses, and forcing American sailors into the British Navy angered Americans who saw it as a violation of their rights. Some Americans also hoped war would allow them to expand into Canada. These issues finally pushed Congress to declare war, even though the U.S. wasn’t fully prepared for a fight.

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In the Battle of Detroit in 1812, American General William Hull surrendered the fort to the British without much of a fight. British troops and Native American warriors, led by Chief Tecumseh, made their forces look larger to scare Hull. Worried about a deadly battle and fearing for his troops, Hull decided to give up the fort instead of fighting. This easy British victory hurt American morale and gave the British a strong position early in the war.

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In 1813, the Battle of Lake Erie was a major U.S. victory in the War of 1812. Led by Commander Oliver Hazard Perry, the American fleet defeated the British after Perry switched ships and continued the fight. He sent the famous message, "We have met the enemy, and they are ours." This victory gave the U.S. control of Lake Erie and boosted morale, giving them a strategic advantage in the war.

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(August 1814)- Burning of Washington, D.C.

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(August 1814)- Burning of Washington, D.C.

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In 1814, during the War of 1812, British forces invaded Washington, D.C., and burned key buildings, including the White House and the Capitol, in retaliation for American attacks in Canada. President Madison and his wife, Dolley, fled, but Dolley saved a portrait of George Washington. The attack was a major loss but sparked renewed determination, leading to important victories later.

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(August 1814)- Burning of Washington, D.C.

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(September 1814)- Battle of Baltimore and Fort McHenry

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(September 1814)- Battle of Baltimore and Fort McHenry

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In September 1814, the British bombarded Fort McHenry in Baltimore, hoping to capture the city. After 25 hours of heavy fire, the Americans held strong, and the flag was still flying. This inspired Francis Scott Key to write a poem that became “The Star-Spangled Banner.” The victory boosted American morale during the War of 1812.

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(September 1814)- Battle of Baltimore and Fort McHenry

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(December 1814)- Treaty of Ghent Negotiations 

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(December 1814)- Treaty of Ghent Negotiations 

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In December 1814, American and British representatives met in Ghent, Belgium, to end the War of 1812. They signed the Treaty of Ghent, which returned things to how they were before the war, with no land changing hands. Although news of the treaty didn’t reach the U.S. until after the Battle of New Orleans, it officially ended the war and brought peace between the U.S. and Britain.

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(December 1814)- Treaty of Ghent Negotiations

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Peace talks between the United States and Great Britain signal both nations' desire to end the War of 1812. These negotiations lead to the Treaty of Ghent, which restores pre-war boundaries but does not address impressment issues. The treaty sets the stage for improved U.S.-British relations. Tensions begin to ease as the possibility of peace becomes likely.

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1815 (February) - Treaty of Ghent Ratified

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1815 (February) - Treaty of Ghent Ratified

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The Treaty of Ghent is officially ratified, formally ending the War of 1812. Shortly after, the Battle of New Orleans occurs, resulting in a significant American victory led by General Andrew Jackson. This victory boosts Jackson's popularity and enhances national unity. Americans feel a renewed sense of pride and accomplishment following the war.

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A period called the "Era of Good Feelings" begins, marked by increased national unity and reduced political conflicts. The war’s end reinforces U.S. sovereignty, fueling a rise in patriotism and economic growth. Calls for financial stability grow, leading to support for a centralized banking system. Political harmony strengthens as partisan divisions lessen.

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1816 - Establishment of the
Second Bank of the
United States

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1816 - Establishment of the
Second Bank of the
United States

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The Second Bank of the United States is established to stabilize the economy and regulate credit. This year also marks the continued rise of the Democratic-Republican Party as the Federalist Party declines. Political dominance by one party reflects a shift towards a more unified national direction. The nation moves forward with a strong sense of identity and progress.

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In 1816, the Democratic-Republican Party, led by James Monroe, won a decisive presidential victory, further weakening the Federalist Party, which struggled with declining support. This election marked the beginning of a period of one-party rule known as the "Era of Good Feelings," with the Democratic-Republicans unifying the nation under their policies. Monroe's leadership aimed to foster national unity and address economic issues left by the War of 1812.

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The Panic of 1819 hits, causing the first major financial crisis in the U.S. Rapid economic expansion and speculative banking practices lead to widespread financial instability. The crisis prompts debates on banking policy and the role of the federal government in the economy. The economic downturn underscores the need for cautious financial regulation during times of growth.