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Social determinants of health.https://www.who.int/health-topics/social-determinants-of-health

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For me, communication is a crucial aspect when providing cross cultural care. Through my studies last semester and this semester, I have improved in areas of multicultural understanding and communication.

This standard allows me to help patients from different cultural backgrounds overcome cultural or language barriers, thereby facilitating better diagnosis and information transfer in the workplace. Previously, in Australia, I thought that patients had to adapt to the English speaking environment to seek healthcare services. However, I now understand that I need to actively provide fully inclusive communication methods to perform my job effectively.

(Culturally Responsive Clinical Practice: Working with People from Migrant and Refugee Backgrounds, 2019, p. 24)

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The wonderful people of Afghanistan have been using a variety of herbs in their medicine for centuries to treat all kinds of common ailments. Black seed oil (Nigella sativa) is a fantastic way to boost your immune system, while licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) is a great remedy for soothing coughs and respiratory issues. These amazing herbal remedies are the perfect way to treat colds, coughs, indigestion, headaches, and skin conditions. This practice shows how deeply rooted in culture is the belief in natural remedies, passed down through generations, to maintain health and treat illnesses within the community.

（Medical News Today. What are the benefits of licorice root? https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323761）

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Communicate with people from different cultures

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Communicate with people from different cultures

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In Afghan culture, language has a profound impact on health beliefs and medical practices. Afghans primarily speak Pashto and Dari, languages rich in cultural and religious significance, which shape their understanding of health and trust in medical care. In medical practice, language barriers can lead to misunderstandings and delays in treatment. Therefore, when communicating with Afghan patients, it is crucial to use their familiar language or professional translation services to ensure accurate information transfer. This not only helps build trust but also promotes better health outcomes.

Evason, N. (2019).

Communication. https://culturalatlas.sbs.com.au/afghan-culture/afghan-culture-communication

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Verbal communication patterns and non-verbal customs, including body language and gestures

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Afghan clothing reflects deep cultural and religious influences. Men typically wear the Perahan Tunban with a Pakol hat, and in colder regions, a Chapan overcoat.

Women often wear the Burqa or Chador for modesty in public, and at home, they wear colorful dresses adorned with intricate embroidery.

These garments not only offer comfort but also signify respect for tradition and Islamic values, deeply rooted in Afghan society, symbolizing the nation’s cultural identity and adherence to religious customs.

(Wikipedia. Afghan clothing.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghan_clothing#cite_ref-dolls_1-0）

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Kabuli Pulao is Afghanistan's national dish, made from meat lamb or beef, basmati rice, carrots, raisins, onions, sugar, cardamom, cumin, and water. It is often served on special occasions like weddings and festivals. Kabuli Pulao is not only a significant cultural symbol in Afghanistan but also a reflection of the country’s culinary traditions. Kabuli Pulao’s main ingredient is meat, which is a rich source of protein.

Protein is essential for maintaining muscle mass, repairing tissues, and supporting overall bodily functions, including the production of enzymes and hormones.

Kabuli Pulao

https://www.hamisharafi.com/free-recipes/kabuli-pulao

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Although tuberculosis is rare in Australia, it is a common disease in prolonged war country: Afghanistan, where people lack medical resources and safe living conditions. For refugees arriving in Australia, RHeaNA provides the possibility of screening and treatment for tuberculosis.

For example, Offer tests for latent TB infection (LTBI) to all people aged ≤35 years. Children 2-10 years may have had tests for LTBI as part of pre-departure screening. Offer LTBI testing with the intention to offer preventive treatment and follow up.

（Tuberculosis TB & LTBI https://refugeehealthguide.org.au/tuberculosis-tb/）