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Adequately trained and rostered staff.

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Patient-centered outcomes:

Shorter hospital stays

Fewer complications

Improved pain relief

Increased satisfaction

Population-level outcomes:

Lower mortality rates

Higher survival rates

Improved patient function

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Rates of mortality, incident reports and re-admissions

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Improved literature and research on Infection control, pharmacological management, Environment safety (Coughlin et al., 2020)

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Clinical guidelines: Standardize surgical care.

Risk management: Identify, mitigate, and monitor risks.

Clinical audit: Review outcomes, identify improvements.

Education and training: Develop surgical staff skills.

Patient involvement: Encourage patient participation.

(Esposito, 2014)

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Mastering in communication and note taking (E.g, asking for assistance or overlook in medication, and notifying healthcare team of interventions that may be required).

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Monitoring and improving patient outcomes via assessments, updating charts, and actively listening to patients' spiritual and physical requests, while also collecting data from nurses on key areas such as pressure ulcer prevention (Waterloos), risk management, fluid balance, and nutrient intake. (Madu et al., 2021)

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Reduced length of hospital stay

Lower complication rates (e.g., infection, bleeding)

Improved pain management

Enhanced patient satisfaction

(Prang et al., 2019)

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NSQHS Standards (ACSQHC, 2021), clinical governance, clinical decision-making and professional performance frameworks, aged care standards etc.

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Patient Feedback, Clinical Feedback, Service Support forms and staff to report to.

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Resource Allocation: Managing equipment, supplies, and medications.

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Seminars, homework, in services and required continues professional development workshops.

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Policy, Procedure and Advocacy awareness:

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Policy, Procedure and Advocacy awareness:

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Creating and advertising staff care guidelines, ethical attitudes, burnout symptoms and prevention.

(Couser et al., 2020)