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An English engineer invented the first computer

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A great painter was born in Malaga, Spain

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By 1849, thousands of prospectors, known as 'Forty-Niners', flooded into California from the United States and other countries. They traveled by land and sea, enduring harsh conditions to reach the goldfields. The population boom resulted in California quickly becoming a melting pot of cultures and backgrounds.

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Perito Moreno Glacier in Los Glaciares National Park, southern Argentina

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Perito Moreno Glacier in Los Glaciares National Park, southern Argentina

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On September 9, 1850, California was admitted to the Union as the 31st state. The swift influx of people and the booming economy from the Gold Rush accelerated its path to statehood, bypassing the usual territorial stage. This event marked a significant moment in U.S. history and the rapid development of the West.

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Bacon Lane, Churt, Farnham, Surrey GU10 2QB

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Bacon Lane, Churt, Farnham, Surrey GU10 2QB

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Women played vital roles during the Gold Rush, both in the mining camps and in growing settlements. Many women ran boarding houses, inns, and laundries, while some even worked claims alongside men. Figures such as Luzena Stanley Wilson became well-known for their entrepreneurial spirit.

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Starting in 1852, large numbers of Chinese immigrants arrived in California, seeking fortune and opportunity. They faced significant discrimination and harsh working conditions but made essential contributions to the infrastructure and mining efforts. Their presence added to the cultural diversity of California.

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Levi Strauss, a Bavarian immigrant, invented durable denim pants reinforced with rivets for miners. These 'blue jeans' became extremely popular due to their durability and practicality. Strauss's invention not only left a lasting legacy in fashion but also reflected the ingenuity sparked by the Gold Rush.

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Edward Matteson invents the technique of hydraulic mining by using a high-pressure hose to erose a hillside and find gold. This method caused massive erosion and water pollution, permanently altering California's landscape. The environmental consequences led to discussions about the balance between economic gain and environmental stewardship.

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1854: Supreme Court Limits Minority Rights

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1854: Supreme Court Limits Minority Rights

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The California Supreme Court ruled that the Chinese, Indians and Blacks, cannot give evidence in state courts. The ruling meant that violence against racial minorities could be committed without any recourse as only the testimony of a white citizen can be used as evidence in court. White miners' attacks on Chinese miners drove away many from the goldfields.