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The use of stock impression trays is to have a tray that is a good size for the patients mouth, a tray that is too small will not be able to show all the teeth required in the impression, and may feel tight and uncomfortable for the patient, a tray that is too large may not show the teeth precisely and may create an in-accurate study model and the finished product may not fit the patient correctly.

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Alginate impression material reacts favourably with water, it sets in certain time depending on the temperature used, therefore a patient who often gags quite a lot may need warmer water using for their impression to reduce the time the alginate is in their mouth for, alginate produces an accurate impression even in the presence of saliva. Alginate Alginate is cheap and has a long shelf life, and is a non-toxic, non irritating material.

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A shade guide can be used for many different reasons, it can help the dentist ensure the patient is receiving a colour of tooth that matches their current mouth as to make the denture blend in well with the patients current dentition, or if a full denture is being created, it can allow the patient to choose their colour of teeth, to make sure they get a result that they are happy with.

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Special trays are individualised impression trays made from a cast created from a primary impression, it is used for making an exact, precise final impression which the laboratory use to create a perfect, precise denture. Special trays allow for a more precise impression and can also help to increase patient comfort to due the trays being tailor made to the patients mouth.

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There are 4 groups of elastomers, polysulfide, condensation silicone, addition silicone and polyether, each differ in their setting mechanism and their physical and chemical properties. Elasomer materials are often used as a highly accurate impression material, which help capture tooth and tissue undercuts and surface detail which must be recorded with accuracy in order to make a denture that fits correctly.

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PERFIT Putty-Fast Set, Putty Material In Dentistry | HUGE Dental

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A wax knife is often used to heat the model wax until it has fluidity and can be placed into the patients mouth to record an accurate impression, the wax knife also allows the clinician to remove any part of the wax or add more wax to additional places in order to record something in more detail or to offer the laboratory technicians more detail to work with in order to construct an accurate final product.

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A Willis bite gauge is a tool used to measure the vertical length in millimetres between the mandible and the maxilla. This is called the Occulsal vertical dimension and is an important factor for the function and aesthetics of a denture. It measures the distance between the septum of the nose and the chin. It is designed to help prostheses function in a desirable way.

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A Le cron carver is used for laboratory waxing, it is used to help carve wax patterns and can be heated for softening the wax while being used to create a pattern on the wax. It is usually a blunt blade varying in different shapes and sizes. Dental wax carvers are usually made of high quality corrosion-resistant stainless steel. Some wax carvers also contain titanium or have titanium nitride coat layers. The addition of titanium allows the carver to withstand high temperatures without becoming deformed.

Tameside College. (2024). Lecron dental wax carver. [Online]. Dental education hub. Last Updated: 2 January 2024. Available at: https://dentaleducationhub.com/lecron-dental-wax-carver/ [Accessed 16 July 2024].

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The patient mirror has many uses, during alginate and impression stages, the patient should have the opportunity to look in the mirror and and remove any remaining impression material that may have been left on their mouth. The mirror should also be given to the patient during a try in stage, where they can see the mock model of their denture and make any aesthetic changes if necessary. The patient should be given the mirror at the final stage so that they can see if they are happy with the finished result.

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Articulating paper is used to see if the patient is biting evenly, it ensures that the denture does not cause the patients bite to change and ensures that the patient has no discomfort when wearing the denture. It highlights any occlusal contacts and ensures the jaw is coming together as it usually does.

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The Fox's occlusal plane guide or any device giving a horizontal plane reference, can be used to assess whether the occlusal rims are parallel to the interpupillary line. A Fox's bite plane tool is used to establish the orientation of the occlusal plane in an anteroposterior direction.

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A heat source, such as a bunsen burner or a lighter, can be used to heat up a lecron carver, or a wax knife, or even the wax itself to allow for wax flexibility to record an accurate wax impression in order for a precise result.

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A wax try in stage is an added stage to making dentures to ensure the biting position of the dentures will be accurate based on the patients jaw shape. During this phase, a wax trial of the teeth is placed over an impression of the patient's jawbone to create a visualisation of what the final dentures will look like once made.

Tameside College. (2017). TIPS FOR A SUCCESSFUL DENTURE TEETH TRY IN. [Online]. DDS LAB. Last Updated: 9 October 2017. Available at: https://blog.ddslab.com/successful-denture-teeth-try-in [Accessed 16 July 2024].

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Acrylic trimming burs are specially designed to trim acrylic with the use of a straight hand piece. The burs offer precision and allow the surface of the denture to stay smooth and not rigid to create comfort for the patient. The acrylic trimming burs are often used in the final stage of denture making, in order to make sure the denture fits perfectly and feels comfortable for the patient before they leave the surgery with their new denture.

Tameside College. (2024). Different Types of Dental Burs: Benefits, Uses, and Maintenance. [Online]. Gerdent USA. Last Updated: 27 February 2024. Available at: https://www.gerdentusa.com/blog/different-types-of-dental-burs-benefits-uses-and-maintenance#:~:text [Accessed 16 July 2024].

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A straight hand piece is used with the acrylic trimming burs, they are used extra-orally to adjust dentures by removing a little bit of acrylic at a time to ensure the denture is as comfortable as physically possible for the patient before they leave with their new denture. Straight hand-pieces should be sterilised the same as high and slow speed hand-pieces and should never be placed in the ultrasonic bath.