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The Feminist Art movement began in the 1960s as a way for American, British, and German women to separate themselves from men. Throughout this movement, they honed in on how their art was different from men’s and used their unique abilities to create art that served as commentary on the patriarchal societies of the Western world. Women at this time used art as a way to disprove the preconceived idea that women were inferior to men and that all they were only meant to be mothers, home-makers, and caregivers. For the first time, women called to be included in the same art galleries and museums as men and made their feminine flare in their art obvious. Before the 1960s, women sought to de-gender their art so it could actually do well, but the Feminist Art movement completely turned this around. Now, made art female specific. In doing this, they asked themselves “How is a woman’s gaze different than a man’s? How does that difference change how we view the world?”. Through these ideas, women were now able to express their life experiences through art openly and proudly.

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In the 1960s/70s the United States and other areas of the world were experiencing major social upheaval. Protests filled the streets fighting for the Civil Rights Movement, against the Vietnam war, and fights over economic inequality and how to solve these sorts of issues. With this social unrest, gender inequality became much more apparent. Women were fighting for the rights to birth control, equal access to equal pay, and even abortion rights. These issues, seeming to be just a feminist issue, became a country-wide issue, and sometimes even a world-wide issue. Feeling the tension and unrest, many people looked to art as an outlet. Groups like The Guerilla Girls created groups where women could come together as artists, filmmakers, and writers with the common goal of fighting discrimination.

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In 1971, American art-critic Linda Nochlin wrote an article titled “Why have there been no GREAT female artists?”. This article broke barriers and created a huge wave of support for women in the arts. In this article, Linda Nochlin calls for many of the goals the Feminist Art movement stands for, like exemplifying feminine attributes in art and calling for more inclusion and less discrimination. After this article was written and released, many people have published stories telling these women artist’s stories and their impact. This article also got more women to join and participate in the arts.

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Judy Chicago was a prominent figure of the Feminist Art movement. She began multiple different schools that promoted Feminist ideas in art and gave women access to succeed in male-dominated fields. Her art was monumental and changed a lot of people’s perspectives on what this movement meant to them. One of her most significant pieces is The Dinner Party. This piece celebrates the forgotten achievements in female history and reinterprets the story of “The Last Supper” from the perspective of the women who made the meal, set the table, and created the lives of those who participated in the story. Chicago comments on the erasure of women in history in this piece and creates a lot of controversy, as she did rewrite a biblical story to include those who were left out.

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Womanhouse by Judy Chicago and Miriam Schapiro 

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Womanhouse by Judy Chicago and Miriam Schapiro 

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Womanhouse by Judy Chicago and Miriam Schapiro is another famous piece from the Feminist Art movement. In 1972, Judy and Miriam worked together with 21 other female art-students to demolish a house and rebuild and renovate it on their own terms. In the interior of the newly renovated building, they included a statue of a woman stuck inside a linen closet in the kitchen. This was meant to serve as commentary on the fact that women were stuck in their role as homemakers and were not allowed to break out of that role regardless of their talents or ability. This piece also served as a message to women to reclaim their domestic space, but not as a wife. Instead, they were to reclaim the home as a space for women to be fully their authentic selves. This challenged the the female stereotype and allowed women to express themselves freely.

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Womanhouse by Judy Chicago and Miriam Schapiro

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Candice Raquel Lee is a prominent sculptor in the Feminist Art movement. Her 2006 sculpture Eve’s Awakening comments on the dynamics between sexes by using a story very personal to most, Adam and Eve. She presents Eve as being stuck on the ground, and instead of helping her, Adam continues to push her down and fight against her. This piece speaks to Candice’s own experiences and she uses Eve’s terror to show the urgency in her message. By showing these dynamics between sexes, Candice calls to attention the effects of the patriarchy on women and how it keeps women from being free.

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The Guerilla Girls are a modern Feminist art group that have stood the test of time. Beginning in 1985, this group of anonymous women have redefined Feminism and pushed their ideas through art exhibitions and seemingly disruptive pieces. One of their most recent pieces (pictured above) calls for gender equality in Korea. By relating gender equality to the beloved Korean dish Bibimbap, they make their message very clear and real. They also call for something similar in the United States, but this time use ice cream and apple pie as an example. Through their pieces, they show how essential feminism and gender equality is to modern society and make the predecessors proud.

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Shirin Neshat was a photographer in the 1970s that played a major role in the Feminist Art movement. Having just immigrated from Iran, she moved to Los Angeles to study art. Through her art, she tells the story of Islamic women and the emotional, physical, and cultural implications of wearing a veil. Shirin uses the female gaze as a powerful and dangerous form of communication in her photos. In her work Woman of Allah she takes multiple different images of women and adds scriptural text over them, showing the divine power of women. She used cultural and religious taboos to make her message clearer and heard. Her pieces not only tell many women’s stories, but also embody what it means to be woman, and how powerful that can be.