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The Nanjing Massacre began in December 1937 and ended in January 1938.

The massacre began when the Japanese army invaded Nanjing, China.

Even though the massacre only lasted one month, the death toll is estimated to be 100,000-300,000. The Chinese citizens were subjected to ruthless murdering, and rape. The Nanjing Massacre was one of the many battles that marked the beginning of WWII in Asia.

Nanjing Massacre | History, Summary & Facts | Britannica

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The invasion of Poland began early morning, September 1, 1939. Germany invaded because Poland was "... persecuting ethnic Germans...".

The Nazi party invaded Poland without warning. Poland had no chance of winning, blinded by false peace treaties. The invasion of Poland was the first display of Germany's large army(which they weren't supposed to have). This invasion sparked many wars, which were apart fo WWII.

Invasion of Poland, Fall 1939 | Holocaust Encyclopedia

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The Italian invasion of Ethiopia took place in 1935-1936. Many people view it as the beginning of World War II.

The invasion took place due to Italy's desire to spread its control throughout Africa. Ethiopia was one of the only free states in Africa at the time. Ethiopia was quickly captured due to Italy's powerful army.

Italo-Ethiopian War | Causes, Summary, & Facts | Britannica

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The invasion of Normandy(D-Day) took place on June 6, 1944.

The allied forces had troops landing on the Utah, Omaha, Gold, and Sword beaches. There were also airborne forces that secured positions on the island. The beach was rigged with mines, and the German soldiers were in what is called an "Atlantic Wall" where they shot the Allied forces troops. The Allied forces faced mass casualties.

Normandy Invasion - D-Day, WWII, Allies | Britannica

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Hiroshima was bombed on August 6, 1945. The attack was carried out by the U.S. Air Force against the Japanese.

The United States believed bombing Hiroshima would bring a swift end to World War II. The U.S. wanted Japan to surrender, but Japan was unwilling to meet their terms. The atomic weapons used devastated the city. The death toll is about 135,000, including people who died of complications.

Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki | Date, Significance, Timeline, Deaths, & Aftermath | Britannica

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On August 9, 1945, Nagasaki, Japan, was bombed by the United States following the bombing of Hiroshima on the 6th.

The bomb caused widespread devastation. The consequences were immediate. 40% of the city's buildings were destroyed entirely. By the end of 1945, 70,000 died due to the event and complications.

Japan agreed to surrender shortly after the bombings.

Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki | Date, Significance, Timeline, Deaths, & Aftermath | Britannica

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Born April 20, 1889, Braunau am Inn, Austria—died April 30, 1945.

Adolf Hitler is known for his actions during World War II. Hitler rose to power gradually. Before World War II, he was always involved in politics. He rose to power by spreading propaganda and due to his connections with other conservative leaders. He led the Nazi party and carried out inhumane acts during the war.

Adolf Hitler - Nazi Leader, WW2, Germany | Britannica

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The Nazi party was originally known as "German Worker's Party". It was founded by a man named Anton Drexler in 1919.

The Nazi Party isn't known for being a workers party. The group is known for its actions and its leader, Hitler. The group was very antisemitic and racist. They believed in a "perfect race" which was white people with blue eyes and blonde hair. Everyone who was Jewish, or not ideal look-wise, was prosecuted or put into ghettos.

Nazi Party - Rise to Power, Ideology, Germany | Britannica

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Joseph Stalin was born on December 18, 1878.

Stalin was a Soviet political leader who ruled the Soviet Union from the mid-1920s until he died in 1953. His first significant political promotion came in 1912 when Lenin co-opted him to serve on the Central Committee of the Bolshevik Party.

After Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941, the USSR joined the Allies. Joseph Stalin played a crucial role in the Soviet war effort, leading to significant victories such as the Battle of Stalingrad

Joseph Stalin | Biography, World War II, Death, & Facts | Britannica

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1942-1945

The Tuskegee Airmen trained in the Great Lakes after graduation

Nearly 200 planes crashed into the Great Lakes

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The Jeep was first used in 1940 during World War II.

It was created because the United States needed an effective military vehicle during the war. It had to be light and able to hold three soldiers. The Ford Motor Company, the American Bantam Car Company, and Willys-Overland all started production of the military vehicle.

10 Critical Inventions and Innovations of World War Two | History Hit

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The Manhattan Project began in 1939 when U.S. scientists urged President Franklin D. Roosevelt to establish a program to study the potential military use of nuclear fission.

Robert Oppenheimer was appointed as the scientific director of the Los Alamos Laboratory, where the design and development of the atomic bomb took place.

The bombs crafted were used to bomb Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

Manhattan Project | Definition, Scientists, Timeline, Locations, Facts, & Significance | Britannica

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September 30, 1928- July 2, 2016

Holocaust survivor, author, Nobel Peace Prize winner

Ellie was 5 when he was captured by the Nazis and sent to a concentration camp

He was most famous for his book Night, which describes his experience during the holocaust

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The bombing of Pearl Harbor took place on December 7, 1941. The Japanese Air Force dropped bombs on a U.S. naval base in Hawaii.

The bombing of Pearl Harbor is when the United States entered World War II. The Japanese believed this attack would cripple the United States to prevent them from interfering as they sought out to control Southeast Asia. The soldiers injured faced horrible burns; every account of the bombing is very graphic.

Pearl Harbor attack - Japanese, Surprise, WWII | Britannica

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Anne Frank was born on June 12, 1929. She died in February/March 1945, Bergen-Belsen concentration camp.

Anne Frank is very important in history. She didn't do anything heroic, but she had a diary where she would write about her time hiding away in the attic of a shop with her family, and three other people.

She died weeks before the camp she was in got liberated.

Anne Frank | Biography, Age, Death, & Facts | Britannica

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The Battle of Stalingrad was fought between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union (Russia) from August 23, 1942, to February 2, 1943.

Germany wanted Stalingrad because it was a large industrial city. They fought during the winter, German forces were suffering due to the cold, starvation, and limited supplies. The Nazis surrendered which in result caused the Soviet Union to keep control of Stalingrad.

Battle of Stalingrad Timeline | Britannica

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The camps were active between 1942 and 1946.

Most camps were in California since it had a large Japanese population. The camps existed because the United States was scared of Japanese spies.

People were housed in army-style barracks surrounded by barbed-wire fences and guarded by armed guards. The barracks were uninsulated and furnished only with cots and coal-burning stoves.

Japanese American internment | Definition, Camps, Locations, Conditions, & Facts | Britannica

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Auschwitz was active between 1940 and 1945.

Prisoners faced harsh conditions, including bad shelter and sanitation, little food, and were subjected to exhausting labor. Those unable to work were often sent to Birkenau for gassing. The camp was also a site for horrible medical experiments, including sterilization and experiments on twins, conducted by camp doctors. The camp's environment was extremely cruel, with the constant threat of death and exploitation.

Auschwitz | Definition, Concentration Camp, Facts, Location, & History | Britannica

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Table of Contents

Auschwitz, Polish Oświęcim, also called Auschwitz-Birkenau, Nazi Germany's largest concentration camp and extermination camp. Located near the industrial town of Oświęcim in southern Poland (in a portion of the country that was annexed by Germany at the beginning of World War II), Auschwitz was actually three camps in one: a prison camp, an extermination camp, and a slave-labour camp. As the most lethal of the Nazi extermination camps, Auschwitz has become the emblematic site of the "final solution," a virtual synonym for the Holocaust. Between 1.1 and 1.5 million people died at Auschwitz; 90 percent of them were Jews. Also among the dead were some 19,000 Roma who were held at the camp until the Nazis gassed them on July 31, 1944-the only other victim group gassed in family units alongside the Jews. The Poles constituted the second largest victim group at Auschwitz, where some 83,000 were killed or died.

Auschwitz I

Auschwitz was probably chosen to play a central role in the "final solution" because it was located at a railway junction with 44 parallel tracks-rail lines that were used to transport Jews from throughout Europe to their death. Heinrich Himmler, chief of the SS, the Nazi paramilitary corps, ordered the establishment of the first camp, the prison camp, on April 27, 1940, and the first transport of Polish political prisoners arrived on June 14. This small camp, Auschwitz I, was reserved throughout its history for political prisoners, mainly Poles and Germans.

Auschwitz II (Birkenau) and Auschwitz III

In October 1941, work began on Auschwitz II, or Birkenau, located outside the nearby village of Brzezinka. There the SS later developed a huge concentration camp and extermination complex that included some 300 prison barracks; four large so-called Badeanstalten (German: "bathhouses"), in which prisoners were gassed to death; Leichenkeller ("corpse cellars"), in which their bodies were stored; and Einäscherungsöfen ("cremating ovens"). Another camp (Buna-Monowitz), near the village of Dwory, later called Auschwitz III, became in May 1942 a slave-labour camp supplying workers for the nearby chemical and synthetic-rubber works of IG Farben. In addition, Auschwitz became the nexus of a complex of 45 smaller subcamps in the region, most of which housed slave labourers. During most of the period from 1940 to 1945, the commandant of the central Auschwitz camps was SS-Hauptsturmführer (Capt.) and ultimately SS-Obersturmbannführer (Lieut. Col.) Rudolf Franz Höss (Hoess).

The death camp and slave-labour camp were interrelated. Newly arrived prisoners at the death camp were divided in a process known as Selektion. The young and the able-bodied were sent to work. Young children and their mothers and the old and infirm were sent directly to the gas chambers. Thousands of prisoners were also selected by the camp doctor, Josef Mengele, for medical experiments. Auschwitz doctors tested methods of sterilization on the prisoners, using massive doses of radiation, uterine injections, and other barbaric procedures. Experiments involving the killing of twins, upon whom autopsies were performed, were meant to provide information that would supposedly lead to the rapid expansion of the " Aryan race."

Subject to harsh conditions-including inadequate shelter and sanitation-given minimal food, and worked to exhaustion, those who could no longer work faced transport back to Birkenau for gassing. German corporations invested heavily in the slave-labour industries adjacent to Auschwitz. In 1942 IG Farben alone invested more than 700 million Reichsmarks in its facilities at Auschwitz III.

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Auschwitz | Definition, Concentration Camp, Facts, Location, & History

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Auschwitz, Polish Oświęcim, also called Auschwitz-Birkenau, Nazi Germany's largest concentration camp and extermination camp. Located near the industrial town of Oświęcim in southern Poland (in a portion of the country that was annexed by Germany at the beginning of World War II), Auschwitz was actually three camps in one: a prison camp, an extermination camp, and a slave-labour camp.

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Bełżec Museum and Memorial, Bełżec, Poland

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Belzec was a death camp that operated from early 1942 to December 1942.

The only purpose of this camp was to kill Jewish people. The conditions were designed to be inhumane and dehumanizing, contributing to the high mortality rate among those who were not immediately killed. There were mass graves, and when the camp stopped operating, they gathered the bodies and burned them.

Holocaust - Einsatzgruppen, Mobile Killers | Britannica

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How Did African Countries Contribute To The War? 

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How Did African Countries Contribute To The War? 

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1939-1945

Africa was called upon by the colonial powers to supply manpower for combat purposes, both on and outside the continent. 500,000 men were recruited by the French and the British to serve in the war.

In 1941, Allied forces and African troops liberated Ethiopia, which had been under fascist Italian control for at least six years. Also, large numbers of Africans were recruited by European powers.

Africans also contributed in many ways, including the production of food. Funds raised in Africa in support of the war effort were crucial to the production of munitions for the colonial powers.

World War II, Africa | Encyclopedia.com