# data[].attributes.body
• Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air.

• Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back.

• Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along the ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks, etc.).

• Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers.

• Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire.

• Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard.

• Containers may explode when heated.

• Many liquids will float on water.

• Substance may be transported hot.

• For hybrid vehicles, GUIDE 147 (lithium ion or sodium ion batteries) or GUIDE 138 (sodium batteries) should also be consulted.

• If molten aluminum is involved, refer to GUIDE 169.

HEALTH

CAUTION: Petroleum crude oil (UN1267) may contain TOXIC hydrogen sulphide gas.

• Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes.

• Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.

• Vapors may cause dizziness or asphyxiation, especially when in closed or confined areas.

• Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause environmental contamination.

PUBLIC SAFETY

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number.

• Keep unauthorized personnel away.

• Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

• Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

• Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

• Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

EVACUATION

Immediate precautionary measure

• Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

Large Spill

• Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

Fire

• If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

EMERGENCY RESPONSE

FIRE

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

CAUTION: For mixtures containing alcohol or polar solvent, alcohol-resistant foam may be more effective.

Small Fire

• Dry chemical, CO₂, water spray or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use

# data[].attributes.body
Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air.

• Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back.

• Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along the ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks, etc.).

• Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers.

• Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire.

• Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard.

• Containers may explode when heated.

• Many liquids will float on water.

• Substance may be transported hot.

• For hybrid vehicles, GUIDE 147 (lithium ion or sodium ion batteries) or GUIDE 138 (sodium batteries) should also be consulted.

• If molten aluminum is involved, refer to GUIDE 169.

HEALTH

CAUTION: Petroleum crude oil (UN1267) may contain TOXIC hydrogen sulphide gas.

• Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes.

• Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.

• Vapors may cause dizziness or asphyxiation, especially when in closed or confined areas.

• Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause environmental contamination.

PUBLIC SAFETY

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number.

• Keep unauthorized personnel away.

• Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

• Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

• Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

• Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

EVACUATION

Immediate precautionary measure

• Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

Large Spill

• Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

Fire

• If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

EMERGENCY RESPONSE

FIRE

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

CAUTION: For mixtures containing alcohol or polar solvent, alcohol-resistant foam may be more effective.

Small Fire

• Dry chemical, CO₂, water spray or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use

# data[].attributes.body
Flammable/combustible material.

• May be ignited by heat, sparks or flames.

• Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air.

• Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back.

• Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along the ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks, etc.).

• Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers.

• Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire.

• Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard.

• Containers may explode when heated.

• Many liquids will float on water.

HEALTH

• May cause toxic effects if inhaled or ingested.

• Contact with substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes.

• Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.

• Vapors may cause dizziness or asphyxiation, especially when in closed or confined areas.

• Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause environmental contamination.

PUBLIC SAFETY

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number.

• Keep unauthorized personnel away.

• Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

• Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

• Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

• Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

• Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

EVACUATION

Immediate precautionary measure

• Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

Spill

• For highlighted materials: see Protective Distance tab - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

• For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

Fire

• If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

EMERGENCY RESPONSE

FIRE

• Some of these materials may react violently with water.

Small Fire

• Dry chemical, CO₂, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

Large Fire

• Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.

• If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

• Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

• Do not get water inside containers.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

• Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

• Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

• Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

• ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

• For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

SPILL OR LEAK

• ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

• All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

• Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

• Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

• Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

• A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

• Absorb with earth, sand or other non-combustible material.

• For hydrazine, absorb with DRY sand or inert absorbent (vermiculite or absorbent pads).

• Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

Large Spill

• Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.

• Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

FIRST AID

Refer to the "General First Aid" section.

Specific First Aid:

• For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required.

• In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.

# data[].attributes.body
Substance does not burn but will support combustion.

• Some may react explosively with fuels.

• May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.).

• Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground.

• Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard.

• Containers may explode when heated.

• Ruptured cylinders may rocket.

HEALTH

• Vapors may cause dizziness or asphyxiation without warning, especially when in closed or confined areas.

• Contact with gas, liquefied gas or cryogenic liquids may cause burns, severe injury and/or frostbite.

• Fire may produce irritating and/or toxic gases.

PUBLIC SAFETY

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number.

• Keep unauthorized personnel away.

• Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

• Many gases are heavier than air and will spread along the ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks, etc.).

• Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

• Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

• Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

• Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

• Always wear thermal protective clothing when handling refrigerated/cryogenic liquids.

EVACUATION

Immediate precautionary measure

• Isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions.

Large Spill

• Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 500 meters (1/3 mile).

Fire

• If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

EMERGENCY RESPONSE

FIRE

• Use extinguishing agent suitable for type of surrounding fire.

Small Fire

• Dry chemical or CO₂.

Large Fire

• Water spray, fog or regular foam.

• If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

• Damaged cylinders should be handled only by specialists.

Fire Involving Tanks

• Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

• Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

• Do not direct water at source of leak or safety devices; icing may occur.

• Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

• ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

• For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

SPILL OR LEAK

• Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material.

• Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

• Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

• If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rather than liquid.

• Do not direct water at spill or source of leak.

• Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material.

• Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

• Allow substance to evaporate.

• Isolate area until gas has dispersed.

CAUTION: When in contact with refrigerated/cryogenic liquids, many materials become brittle and are likely to break without warning.

FIRST AID

Refer to the "General First Aid" section.

Specific First Aid:

• Clothing frozen to the skin should be thawed before being removed.

• In case of contact with liquefied gas, only medical personnel should attempt thawing frosted parts.

# data[].attributes.body
Substance does not burn but will support combustion.

• Some may react explosively with fuels.

• May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.).

• Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground.

• Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard.

• Containers may explode when heated.

• Ruptured cylinders may rocket.

HEALTH

• Vapors may cause dizziness or asphyxiation without warning, especially when in closed or confined areas.

• Contact with gas, liquefied gas or cryogenic liquids may cause burns, severe injury and/or frostbite.

• Fire may produce irritating and/or toxic gases.

PUBLIC SAFETY

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number.

• Keep unauthorized personnel away.

• Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

• Many gases are heavier than air and will spread along the ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks, etc.).

• Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

• Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

• Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

• Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

• Always wear thermal protective clothing when handling refrigerated/cryogenic liquids.

EVACUATION

Immediate precautionary measure

• Isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions.

Large Spill

• Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 500 meters (1/3 mile).

Fire

• If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

EMERGENCY RESPONSE

FIRE

• Use extinguishing agent suitable for type of surrounding fire.

Small Fire

• Dry chemical or CO₂.

Large Fire

• Water spray, fog or regular foam.

• If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

• Damaged cylinders should be handled only by specialists.

Fire Involving Tanks

• Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

• Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

• Do not direct water at source of leak or safety devices; icing may occur.

• Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

• ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

• For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

SPILL OR LEAK

• Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material.

• Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

• Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

• If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rather than liquid.

• Do not direct water at spill or source of leak.

• Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material.

• Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

• Allow substance to evaporate.

• Isolate area until gas has dispersed.

CAUTION: When in contact with refrigerated/cryogenic liquids, many materials become brittle and are likely to break without warning.

FIRST AID

Refer to the "General First Aid" section.

Specific First Aid:

• Clothing frozen to the skin should be thawed before being removed.

• In case of contact with liquefied gas, only medical personnel should attempt thawing frosted parts.

# data[].attributes.body
EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE.

• Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames.

• Will form explosive mixtures with air. Acetylene (UN1001, UN3374) may react explosively even in the absence of air.

• Disilane (UN3553) and Silane (UN2203) will ignite spontaneously in air and may re-ignite.

• Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire.

• Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground.

• Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back.

• Cylinders exposed to fire may vent and release flammable gas through pressure relief devices.

• Containers may explode when heated.

• Ruptured cylinders may rocket.

HEALTH

• Vapors may cause dizziness or asphyxiation without warning, especially when in closed or confined areas.

• Some may be toxic if inhaled at high concentrations.

• Contact with gas or liquefied gas may cause burns, severe injury and/or frostbite.

• Fire may produce irritating and/or toxic gases.

PUBLIC SAFETY

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number.

• Keep unauthorized personnel away.

• Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

• Many gases are heavier than air and will spread along the ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks, etc.).

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

• Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

• Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

EVACUATION

Immediate precautionary measure

• Isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions.

Large Spill

• Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 800 meters (1/2 mile).

Fire

• If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions.

EMERGENCY RESPONSE

FIRE

• DO NOT EXTINGUISH A LEAKING GAS FIRE UNLESS LEAK CAN BE STOPPED.

Small Fire

• Dry chemical or CO₂.

Large Fire

• Water spray or fog.

• If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

Fire Involving Tanks

• Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

• Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

• Do not direct water at source of leak or safety devices; icing may occur.

• Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

• ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

• For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

SPILL OR LEAK

• ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

• All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

• Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

• Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

• Do not direct water at spill or source of leak.

• Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material.

• If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rather than liquid.

• Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

• Isolate area until gas has dispersed.

FIRST AID

Refer to the "General First Aid" section.

Specific First Aid:

• In case of contact with liquefied gas, only medical personnel should attempt thawing frosted parts.

• In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.

# data[].attributes.body
EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE.

• Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames.

• Will form explosive mixtures with air.

• Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground.

CAUTION: Hydrogen (UN1049), Deuterium (UN1957), Hydrogen, refrigerated liquid (UN1966), Methane (UN1971) and Hydrogen and Methane mixture, compressed (UN2034) are lighter than air and will rise. Hydrogen and Deuterium fires are difficult to detect since they burn with an invisible flame. Use an alternate method of detection (thermal camera, broom handle, etc.)

• Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back.

• Cylinders exposed to fire may vent and release flammable gas through pressure relief devices.

• Containers may explode when heated.

• Ruptured cylinders may rocket.

CAUTION: When LNG - Liquefied natural gas (UN1972) is released on or near water, product may vaporize explosively.

HEALTH

• Vapors may cause dizziness or asphyxiation without warning, especially when in closed or confined areas.

• Some may be irritating if inhaled at high concentrations.

• Contact with gas, liquefied gas or cryogenic liquids may cause burns, severe injury and/or frostbite.

• Fire may produce irritating and/or toxic gases.

PUBLIC SAFETY

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number.

• Keep unauthorized personnel away.

• Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

• Many gases are heavier than air and will spread along the ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks, etc.).

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

• Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

• Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

• Always wear thermal protective clothing when handling refrigerated/cryogenic liquids.

EVACUATION

Immediate precautionary measure

• Isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions.

Large Spill

• Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 800 meters (1/2 mile).

Fire

• If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions.

• In fires involving Liquefied Petroleum Gases (LPG) (UN1075), Butane (UN1011), Butylene (UN1012), Isobutylene (UN1055), Propylene (UN1077), Isobutane (UN1969), and Propane (UN1978), also refer to the "BLEVE – Safety Precautions" section.

EMERGENCY RESPONSE

FIRE

• DO NOT EXTINGUISH A LEAKING GAS FIRE UNLESS LEAK CAN BE STOPPED.

CAUTION: Hydrogen (UN1049), Deuterium (UN1957), Hydrogen, refrigerated liquid (UN1966) and Hydrogen and Methane mixture, compressed (UN2034) will burn with an invisible flame. Use an alternate method of detection (thermal camera, broom handle, etc.)

Small Fire

• Dry chemical or CO₂.

Large Fire

• Water spray or fog.

• If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

CAUTION: For LNG - Liquefied natural gas (UN1972) pool fires, DO NOT USE water. Use dry chemical or high-expansion foam.

Fire Involving Tanks

• Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

• Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

• Do not direct water at source of leak or safety devices; icing may occur.

• Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

• ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

• For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

SPILL OR LEAK

• ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

• All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

• Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

• Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

• If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rather than liquid.

• Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material.

• Do not direct water at spill or source of leak.

CAUTION: For LNG - Liquefied natural gas (UN1972), DO NOT apply water, regular or alcohol-resistant foam directly on spill. Use a high-expansion foam if available to reduce vapors.

• Prevent spreading of vapors through sewers, ventilation systems and confined areas.

• Isolate area until gas has dispersed.

CAUTION: When in contact with refrigerated/cryogenic liquids, many materials become brittle and are likely to break without warning.

FIRST AID

Refer to the "General First Aid" section.

Specific First Aid:

• Clothing frozen to the skin should be thawed before being removed.

• In case of contact with liquefied gas, only medical personnel should attempt thawing frosted parts.

• In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.

# data[].attributes.body
Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air.

• Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back.

• Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along the ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks, etc.).

• Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers.

• Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire.

• Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard.

• Containers may explode when heated.

• Many liquids will float on water.

• Substance may be transported hot.

• For hybrid vehicles, GUIDE 147 (lithium ion or sodium ion batteries) or GUIDE 138 (sodium batteries) should also be consulted.

• If molten aluminum is involved, refer to GUIDE 169.

HEALTH

CAUTION: Petroleum crude oil (UN1267) may contain TOXIC hydrogen sulphide gas.

• Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes.

• Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.

• Vapors may cause dizziness or asphyxiation, especially when in closed or confined areas.

• Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause environmental contamination.

PUBLIC SAFETY

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number.

• Keep unauthorized personnel away.

• Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

• Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

• Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

• Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

EVACUATION

Immediate precautionary measure

• Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

Large Spill

• Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

Fire

• If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

EMERGENCY RESPONSE

FIRE

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

CAUTION: For mixtures containing alcohol or polar solvent, alcohol-resistant foam may be more effective.

Small Fire

• Dry chemical, CO₂, water spray or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use